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1.
Ryuichi Matsumoto I. Nakano Nobutaka Arai Minami Suda Masaya Oda 《Acta neuropathologica》1996,92(6):640-644
This report concerns a notable case of progressive supranuclear palsy exhibiting asymmetric dentate nucleus and thalamic
degeneration with numerous torpedoes. The neuronal loss in the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus was predominant on
the right side, while in the cerebellum, a quantitative study revealed the contralateral predominance of the neuronal loss
in the dentate nuclei and torpedo formation, with preserved Purkinje cells. The abnormal tau-protein-related profiles in the
two nuclei did not show any laterality in their distribution, indicating that the dentatothalamic tract may have been affected
in a non-specific way in this case. In addition, the fact that the prominent sites of torpedo formation and loss of dentate
nucleus neurons are identical supports the hypothesis that the torpedoes may be formed in association with neuronal loss in
the dentate nucleus because of a plausible metabolic change in Purkinje cells through synaptic detachment of their axon terminals.
Received: 4 January 1996 / Revised: 27 March 1996 / Accepted: 5 April 1996 相似文献
2.
ExpressionandkineticcharacteristicsofmuscletypeacetylcholinereceptorsinXenopusoocytesChenHouchang(陈厚昌),WuShuguang(吴曙光)(Depart... 相似文献
3.
The presence of diadenosine polyphosphates (ApxA), diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap6A), and diadenosine hexaphosphate (Ap6A), has been described in secretory granules of chromaffin cells, Torpedo synaptic vesicles, and rat brain synaptosomes. The release of these compounds by the action of secretagogues and depolarizing agents, in the presence of calcium, increases their importance as active neurotransmitters. Two high affinity receptors have been described in the three neural models, with Kd values ranging from 0.08 to 0.40 nM for the first binding site and from 5.6 to 18nM for the second lower affinity binding site. Both binding sites exhibit a P2y-like profile in chromaffin cells and Torpedo synaptic terminals and a different pattern in rat brain synaptosomes, suggesting the presence of a novel P2-purinoceptor tentatively named P2d. Studies about the second messenger linked to this receptor, in chromaffin cells, demonstrate the mobilization of calcium from internal stores. ApxA receptors at the extracellular milieu are responsible for the inhibition of catecholamine release stimulated by secretagogues. Finally, all diadenosine polyphosphates are destroyed by the action of an ecto-phosphodiesterase which, in chromaffin cells, shows Km values ranging from 1 to 4 μM. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
4.
J. Blasi G. Egea M. J. Castiella M. Arribas C. Solsona P. J. Richardson J. Marsal 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1992,90(2):87-102
Summary Torpedo electric organ has been used to study the binding of botulinum neurotoxin type A to pure cholinergic synaptosomes and presynaptic plasma membrane.125I-labeled botulinum neurotoxin type A exhibits specific binding to cholinergic fractions. Two binding sites have been determined according to data analysis: a high affinity binding site (synaptosomes: Kd=0.11±0.03 nM, Bmax=50±10 fmol · mg prot–1; presynaptic plasma membrane: Kd=0.2±0.05 nM, Bmax=150±15 fmol · mg prot–1) and a low affinity binding site (synaptosomes: Kd 26 nM, Bmax 7.5 pmol · mg prot–1; presynaptic plasma membrane: Kd 30 nM, Bmax 52 pmol · mg prot–1). The binding of125I-botulinum neurotoxin type A is decreased by previous treatment of synaptosomes by neuraminidase and trypsin, and by a preincubation with bovine brain gangliosides or antiserum raised against Torpedo presynaptic plasma membrane. When presynaptic plasma membranes are blotted to nitrocellulose sheet, either125I-botulinum neurotoxin or botulinum toxin-gold complexes bind to a Mr 140,000 protein. Botulinum toxin-gold complexes have also been used to study the toxin internalization process into Torpedo synaptosomes. The images fit the three step sequence model in the pathway of botulinum neurotoxin poisoning. 相似文献
5.
Grazyna Faure Alenka Copic Sabine Le Porrier Franc Gubensek Cassian Bon Igor Krizaj 《Toxicon》2003,41(4):509-517
Crotoxin, a potent neurotoxin from the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus, is a heterodimeric phospholipase A(2) (EC 3.1.1.4), which blocks the release of acetylcholine from peripheral neurons. We previously have suggested the existence of a 48 kDa crotoxin-binding protein in the presynaptic membranes of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. Here, we report the purification and characterization of this protein that we called the crotoxin acceptor protein from Torpedo (CAPT). The membranes of electric organs from Torpedo were solubilized with a detergent (4% (w/v) Triton X-100) and CAPT was isolated by affinity chromatography on a crotoxin column. SDS-PAGE showed that the purified protein was homogeneous and cross-linking studies with radioiodinated crotoxin confirmed that it had retained its toxin-binding properties. The purified CAPT has similar molecular mass as crocalbin, a crotoxin-binding protein isolated from porcine brains, yet anti-crocalbin antiserum failed to recognize CAPT. Surface plasmon resonance biosensor technology was used to measure the specific interaction between crotoxin and solubilized CAPT. Using this method, it was possible to follow CAPT throughout the purification procedure. As well, an apparent dissociation constant (K(d)(app)) of 3.4 nM was calculated for the interaction of pure CAPT and crotoxin from the dissociation rate constant (k(off)=1.2 x 10(-2)s(-1)) and the association rate constant (k(on)=3.5 x 10(6)M(-1)s(-1)). 相似文献
6.
J. Gilloteaux Donald W. Ott Carla K. Oldham‐Ott 《Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)》2013,296(1):79-95
The gallbladder of Torpedo marmorata exhibits a mucosal surface layer of simple columnar epithelium with very tall cholecystocytes. The apical domain of each cell has few microvilli, but many mucous vesicles that are secreted by exocytosis at the cell apices. The apical regions may also elongate and undergo self‐excision while shedding mucus and cell debris into the gallbladder lumen in a manner similar to that described in mammals as a result of sex steroid treatment to induce gallstones and to that found in the cholecystitis associated with cholelithiasis. Numerous small mitochondria, spherical to elongated, are distributed throughout the cells, while the nuclei are often located in the lower third of each cell. In the lower part of the cholecystocytes, large and very densely contrasted lysosomes can be found. All cells are tightly joined by junctional complexes, including long, highly contrasted desmosomes. The fibromuscular layer is made of a loose stroma with a limited muscular component and a poor blood supply. Large diameter blood vessels can only be found in the subserosal layer. It is hypothesized that the obligatorily carnivorous diet of this ureotelic fish has resulted in the evolution of a gallbladder ultrastructure resembling that found in cholecystitis but without the associated cholelithiasis. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
7.
目的从厦门海域单鳍电鳐的电器官中提取烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(N2-AchR)纯品,用纯化的N2-AchR免疫Lewis大鼠,建立实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力(EAMG)动物模型。方法参照文献报道从电鳐电器官提取N2-AchR纯品,并采用SDS凝胶电泳蛋白定性鉴定及考马斯亮兰定蛋白含量;以纯提的蛋白主动免疫Lewis大鼠,共免疫3次,于末次免疫后第3日进行EAMG大鼠临床评分及攀网时间、肌电图、血清N2-AchRab含量、突触后膜上N2-AchR数目的检测。结果纯化的蛋白含量为1.097mg/ml(标准品为1mg/ml);EAMG模型组与佐剂组比较,攀网时间明显降低(P〈0.01);临床评分及肌电图第五个反应幅度衰减百分率显著升高(P〈0.01);血清N2-AchRab含量明显增加(P〈0.01);突触后膜上N2-AchR数目显著减少(P〈0.01)。结论从单鳍电鳐电器官纯提的N2-AchR蛋白成功诱导EAMG模型,为进一步研究重症肌无力创造了良好条件。 相似文献
8.
This study has been undertaken to examine the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of electric organ from korean electric ray (Narke japonica). Korean electric ray was caughted at Chungmu sea and transported to the laboratory, where electric organs were removed and
stored at −70°C until used. Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) of electric organ was purified by affinity column that was prepared
with dicaproyl-methylpyridinium linked to Sepharose 4B. Upon purification, the specific activities in Ellman unit were increased
by 52 and 39 times for high salt soluble AChE (HSSE, 870.86 ΔOD/min/gram of tissue) and detergent soluble AChE(DSE, 105.42
ΔOD/min/gram of tissue), respectively. Each subunit of AChE separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)
was transferred to immobilon P by western blotting and detected by mAbs raised against each subunit of AChE from electric
organ ofTorpedo californica. Collagenic tail of AChE fromNarke japonica were identified by monoclonal antibody specific to collagenic tail of AChE fromTorpedo californica, likewise 103Kd protein of AChE fromNarke japonica was detected by monoclonal antibody specific to 103Kd of AChE fromTorpedo californica. However, molar ratio of three subunits of AChE fromNarke japonica is different from that ofTorpedo californica. Furthermore, catalytic subniit of AChE fromNarke japonica was not identified by monoclnal antibody specific to catalytic subunit of AChE fromTorpedo californica. These results showed differences in molecular structure of AChE fromNarke japonica and AChE fromTorpedo californica eventhough they showed same enzymatic activities. 相似文献
9.
Judit Herreros Francesc X. Miralles Carles Solsona Bernard Bizzini Juan Blasi Jordi Marsal 《Brain research》1995,699(2):165
Tetanus toxin decreased the frequency of spontaneous events at the electric organ ofTorpedo marmorata. This reduction was up to 70% in poisoned electric organ. According to distribution analysis of miniature end plate currents, only a subpopulation of events which have small amplitudes were recorded after poisoning. Furthermore, isolated cholinergic nerve terminals showed a decrease in VAMP / synaptobrevin when poisoned with tetanus toxin under similar conditions. The relationship between the two effects of the toxin, i.e. inhibition of vesicle exocytosis and peptidase activity on synaptobrevin, is discussed. 相似文献
10.
An α-bungarotoxin-binding protein was partially purified from rat brain and, when complexed with [125I]α-bungarotoxin, was shown to behave as a single radiolabelled protein that is distinct from the similarly complexed nAChR from Torpedo marmorata. The α-bungarotoxin-binding protein was used as antigen in radioimmunoassays for rabbit anti-(rat muscle nAChR) and rabbit anti-(Torpedo nAChR) antibodies, giving titres approximately 5% and 0.5%, respectively, of those obtained by using homologous antigen in the same assay. 相似文献