清开灵注射液治疗脑血管性痴呆32例

目的观察清开灵注射液治疗脑血管性痴呆的疗效.方法将中医学辨证属于实证的64例脑血管性痴呆患者随机分为治疗组(清开灵注射液组)和对照组(脑复康组),治疗5周后,将两组治疗前后在智力障碍程度、肢体功能、血液流变学指标、中医证型疗效方面的变化进行比较.结果经治疗后治疗组和对照组相比较,智力障碍程度变化(有效率、MMSE、ADL积分)、肌力、步行能力改变有显著性差异,p＜0.05.而治疗前后组内及组间血流变指标虽有一定下降,但无统计学意义(p＞0.05).结论清开灵注射液对脑血管性痴呆患者,在改善智力障碍、肌力、步行能力方面有较好的疗效.     

An efficient procedure for the regioselective synthesis of 10-methoxy-11-hydroxyaporphine from (R,S)-10,11-dihydroxyaporphine

A regioselective preparation of 10-methoxy-11-hydroxyaporphine (“Apocodeine,1b”) from (R,S)-10, 11-dihydroxyaporphine(apomorphine,1a) is described. The isopropylidene ketal ring of 10,11-(isopropylidenyldioxy) aporphine (2) obtained by the isopropylidenation of apomorphine, was regioselectively opened by the ten equivalent of trimethylaluminum to give 10-hydroxy-11-t-butyloxyaporphine (3). The free 10-hydroxyl position of 3 was methylated with methyl p-toluenesulfonate/NaH, and afforded 10-methoxy-11-t-butyloxyaporphine (4) in high yield. Selective debutylation gave the desired 10-methoxy-11-hydroxyaporphine (“apocodeine”,1b) in good yield.     

Nerve conduction as a means of estimating early post-mortem interval

Summary Methods in current practice for ascertaining time of death are largely based on the cooling of the body after death and are somewhat unreliable. A theoretica relationship is known to exist between the decline in the properties defining nerve conduction and time after death caused by the gradual cessation of metabolic activity in nerves. A number of such properties were measured in rats during life and after death. In most cases the relationship was found to be inconsistent. The chronaxie of the strength duration curve for the sciatic nerve was, however, found to increase consistently and reproducibly in a linear fashion over the first 90 min after death to a plateau value which was maintained beyond 135 min. These findings are discussed as the possible basis of a forensic method of determining the duration of the “post mortem interval” within the first few hours after death.      

Time to contact and the control of manual prehension

In the present study, a kinematic analysis was made of unconstrained, natural prehension movements directed toward an object approaching the observer on a conveyor belt at one of three constant velocities, from one of three different directions (head-on or along the fronto-parallel plane coming either from the subject′s left or right). Subjects were required to grasp the object when it reached a target located 20 cm directly in front of the hand′s start position. The kinematic analysis revealed that both the transport and grasp components of the movement changed in response to the experimental manipulations, but did so in a manner that guaranteed that, for objects approaching from a given direction, hand closure would begin at a constant time prior to object contact (regardless of the object’s approach speed). The kinematic analysis also revealed, however, that the onset of hand closure began earlier with objects approaching from the right than from other directions – an effect which would not be predicted if time to contact was the key variable controlling the onset of hand closure. These results, then, lend only partial support to the theory that temporal coordination between the transport and grasp components of prehension is ensured through their common dependence on time to contact information. Received: 20 September 1996 / Accepted: 16 June 1997     

Time-dependent changes in sensitivity to apomorphine and monoamine receptors following withdrawal from continuous cocaine administration in rats

The effects of withdrawal from continuous administration of cocaine on behavioral sensitivity to apomorphine and monoamine receptor density were examined in rats. Subdermal minipumps that delivered either saline or 20 mg/kg/day cocaine hydrochloride were implanted for 2 weeks. Apomorphine-induced stereotypy (0.5 mg/kg, SC) was examined in separate groups of rats either 4 hr or 7, 28, or 60 days after removal of the minipumps. Transient enhanced sensitivity to apomorphine-induced stereotypy occurred during the course of withdrawal. Animals withdrawn from cocaine for 4 hours did not differ from controls in their sensitivity to apomorphine, whereas animals withdrawn from cocaine for 7 days exhibited an increase in apomorphine-induced oral stereotypy relative to controls. However, the enhanced stereotypy response was no longer evident in animals withdrawn for 28–60 days. The animals were sacrificed after behavioral testing, and their brains were assayed for changes in monoamine receptor density in the frontal cortex, caudate-putamen, and nucleus accumbens. The density of ³H-SCH-23390-labeled D1 receptors was altered in all three regions examined in a time-dependent manner that paralleled the changes in behavioral sensitivity to apomorphine. There was a transient decrease in D1 receptor density that was evident by 7 days following withdrawal from continuous cocaine administration and was no longer evident 28 or 60 days posttreatment. There were no changes in ³H-spiroperidol-labeled D2 receptors, ¹²⁵-pindolol-labeled β-adrenergic receptors, or ³H-ketanserin-labeled 5-HT₂ receptors in any of the regions examined at both 4 hr and 7 days after termination of the cocaine infusion. These findings are discussed in terms of their relevance to developing pharmacologic treatments for withdrawal from cocaine. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Asynchronous blepharospasm, facial and cervical dystonia, and bilateral asynchronous hemifacial spasm.

We present a patient with a facial movement disorder that has characteristics of both blepharospasm and bilateral asynchronous hemifacial spasm. Because of the increased incidence of blepharospasm in patients with hemifacial spasm, our patient's clinical presentation is probably not a chance occurrence, but rather a manifestation of some predisposition for these two movement disorders. This unusual constellation of signs and symptoms challenges the current diagnostic criteria and suggests that some of these facial movement disorders may lie on a spectrum, rather than represent distinct entities.     

Work at sea: a study of sleep,and of circadian rhythms in physiological and psychological functions,in watchkeepers on merchant vessels

Summary Daily diary records of sleep and activity, and 4-h measurements of body temperature, performance and subjective alertness were collected on board ship from 15 watchkeepers on the 4-on/8-off system, and from 28 dayworkers, on both westward and eastward transatlantic voyages. The data from a balanced sample of the subjects were analysed over selected 8-d periods of the voyages where four or five time zones were crossed. During these periods the average amount of daily sleep obtained by dayworkers on the eastward voyage was more than 1 h less than that on the westward voyage, and its quality was rated lower. Watchkeepers' main sleep was also shorter when travelling eastward, but this reduction was partially compensated for by a slightly longer secondary sleep. With the exception of subjective alertness on the eastward voyage, the basic phase of the circadian rhythms in the measured variables adjusted appropriately to the clock changes associated with the time zone crossings. The normal shape of the average daily curves was, however, altered differentially in the two directions of travel; as a result, morning levels of all variables were lower on the eastward voyage than on the westward, but evening levels were higher. These distortions of rhythm waveforms, which probably arose from a combination of endogenous and exogenous factors, add another dimension to the basic problem caused by the effects of circadian rhythms on operational efficiency in the shipboard situation. This problem can only be solved by the development of alternative watchkeeping systems which take full account of these rhythms.Partly supported by a grant from the West German Ministry for Technology and Research, Project Schiff der Zukunft, Part ET 83b     

等速离心训练对肩关节内外旋肌的肌力平衡及神经肌肉控制能力的影响

背景 肩关节内外旋肌肌力失衡会增加肩部运动损伤的风险,研究等速离心训练(IET)能否提高肌力平衡并改善神经肌肉控制能力具有重要的损伤预防意义。目的 探讨IET对健康青年人肩关节内外旋肌的肌力平衡及神经肌肉控制能力的影响。方法 2020年12月至2021年11月在复旦大学附属中山医院招募32例健康青年志愿者为研究对象,随机将其分为试验组(n=16)和对照组(n=16)。试验组接受4周IET,对照组接受4周连续被动运动训练(2次/周)。采用Biodex System 4 Pro多关节等速肌力测试与训练系统(美国Biodex公司)对两组研究对象的优势侧肩关节内、外旋肌群进行训练干预,分别在60(°)/s、120(°)/s速度下进行,干预前1周、干预结束后1周对两组肩关节内外旋肌的功能性比率(FR)、加速时间(AT)和达峰力矩时间(TPT)进行评估并比较。结果 试验组全部完成了4周的训练干预和评估,对照组2例中途退出。最终共30例研究对象数据纳入统计学分析。在60(°)/s和120(°)/s速度下,试验组干预后FR高于对照组(P<0.001),试验组干预后FR高于干预前(配对t检验：t<...