丙烯腈对雄性大鼠脂质过氧化作用研究

目的 研究丙燃腈对机体的脂质过氧化作用。方法 给雄性大鼠皮下注射丙烯腈,测定染毒３８天和７７天血及睾丸组织脂质过氧化指标;并对睾丸、附睾进行病理学检查。结果 染毒３８天中、高剂量组大鼠血中谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量显著升高,各剂量组大鼠睾丸中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）显著下降且与染毒剂量呈高度负相关（ｒ＝－０．４６４,Ｐ〈０．０１）;染毒７７天高剂量组大鼠务中ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ显著下降,各剂量组血中     

郑州地区6～13岁男童性发育现状调查

目的：男童性发育不仅受年龄因素影响,且与所处环境、地区等因素有关。文中调查及评价郑州地区男童的性发育现状并探讨其影响因素。方法对来自郑州地区3779名6～13岁男童的身高、体重、腰围、臀围、阴茎及睾丸进行测定,比较不同年龄阴茎长度及睾丸容积的变化及影响因素,以及性发育的首发年龄及其特征。依据Tanner分期标准及标准图谱对受试者外生殖器和阴毛的发育情况进行分期评定,均分为5期。结果睾丸容积、阴茎长度随年龄增加而增大,在6～11岁时增加缓慢,11岁后迅速增加。睾丸容积增加幅度大于阴茎长度。3779名男童中超重395名（10．45％）,肥胖208名（5．50％）,正常组、超重组、肥胖组睾丸体积的平均秩次分别为1760．47、2036．20、1889．86,经秩和检验,3组间比较有显著差异（H＝27．01,P＝0．00）,正常组与超重组睾丸体积比较有差异,超重组睾丸体积大于正常组（P＝0．00）;正常组、超重组与肥胖组睾丸体积比较均无差异（P＝0．08,P ＝0．10）;超重组、肥胖组的阴茎长度均明显小于正常组（P＜0．01）,超重组与肥胖组阴茎长度比较无差异。睾丸容积、阴茎长度均与年龄、身高、体重、 BMI、腰围、臀围呈正相关,其中睾丸容积与身高相关性最强,而阴茎长度与年龄相关性最强。城区男童睾丸开始发育的年龄（平均12．02岁）晚于郊县（平均9．90岁）2．73岁,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;阴毛开始发育（P2）和成熟（P5）的平均年龄分别为（12．34±0．83）岁和（12．39±1．24）岁。男童性早熟发生率为0．40％。结论郑州地区男童的性发育趋势与中国大规模调查结果接近,但对于肥胖对性发育的影响应引起相关部门的高度重视,尽早干预,避免性发育不良事件的发生。     

不同年龄单侧隐睾手术前后睾丸生长情况的对比研究

目的通过比较9月龄和3岁年龄睾丸下降固定术后的先天性单侧隐睾患儿的睾丸生长情况,评价隐睾睾丸下降固定术时机。方法收集我院2014年1月～2016年1月接受睾丸下降固定手术治疗的单侧隐睾患儿,随机分为9月龄组(72例)和3岁龄组(83例)。通过超声检查对比两组患儿在6、12、24、36和48个月时的睾丸体积,使用SAS中的PROC MIXED对数据进行分析,从而评价手术时机。结果在9月龄组患儿中,分别在2、3和4岁时进行随访测量的睾丸体积明显增加(P0.001)。相反,在3岁龄组中没有观察到明显的增长。通过从6个月到4岁睾丸增长的比率逐渐增加说明9个月大时睾丸固定术后患儿睾丸生长情况得到改善(0.68～1.81,P0.001)。对于3岁龄组,在同一时期该比率显著下降(0.68～0.56,P0.001)。结论与3岁手术相比,9个月手术治疗组中其4岁时睾丸大小与正常同龄儿童相比基本一致,表明早期手术对睾丸生长是有益的。因此早期行睾丸下降固定术可能给隐睾患儿改善未来的生育能力提供机会。     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme     

Serum androgen levels and testicular structure during pubertal maturation in male subjects with epilepsy

Summary:  Purpose: To evaluate reproductive endocrine function in boys and young men with epilepsy taking an antiepileptic drug in a population-based, controlled study.
Methods: Seventy patients and 70 controls matched for age and pubertal stage participated in this study. Twenty-eight patients were taking carbamazepine (CBZ); five, lamotrigine (LTG); 12, oxcarbazepine (OXC); and 25, valproate (VPA) as monotherapy for epilepsy. All subjects were examined clinically, and their medical histories were obtained. Serum reproductive hormone and sex hormone–binding globulin concentrations were measured, and testicular ultrasonography was performed.
Results: Serum testosterone levels were within the normal range in young male patients with epilepsy. However, the patients taking VPA had high serum androstenedione levels at all pubertal stages. In prepuberty, their serum androstenedione values were already approximately fivefold compared with the values of the controls (8.7 n M ; SD, 4.0 vs. 1.8 n M , SD, 1.0; p < 0.0003), and they were elevated in 64% of the VPA-treated patients compared with none of the other patients, p = 0.0006. Serum sex hormone–binding globulin levels were increased, and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations decreased in the pubertal patients taking CBZ. The mean testicular volumes did not differ between the patients and the controls.
Conclusions: CBZ and VPA, but not LTG and OXC, are associated with changes in serum sex-hormone levels in boys and young men with epilepsy. However, the long-term health consequences of these reproductive endocrine changes during pubertal development remain to be established.     

Male Urogenital System Mapped Onto the Sensory Cortex: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence

IntroductionThe projection of the human male urogenital system onto the paracentral lobule has not previously been mapped comprehensively.AimTo map specific urogenital structures onto the primary somatosensory cortex toward a better understanding of sexual response in men.MethodsUsing functional magnetic resonance imaging, we mapped primary somatosensory cortical responses to self-stimulation of the penis shaft, glans, testicles, scrotum, rectum, urethra, prostate, perineum, and nipple. We further compared neural response with erotic and prosaic touch of the penile shaft.Main Outcome MeasureWe identified the primary mapping site of urogenital structures on the paracentral lobule and identified networks involved in perceiving touch as erotic.ResultsWe mapped sites on the primary somatosensory cortex to which components of the urogenital structures project in men. Evidence is provided that penile cutaneous projection is different from deep penile projection. Similar to a prior report in women, we show that the nipple projects to the same somatosensory cortical region as the genitals. Evidence of differential representation of erotic and nonerotic genital self-stimulation is also provided, the former activating sensory networks other than the primary sensory cortex, indicating a role of “top-down” activity in erotic response.Clinical ImplicationsWe map primary sites of projection of urogenital structures to the primary somatosensory cortex and differentiate cortical sites of erotic from nonerotic genital self-stimulation.Strength & LimitationsTo our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive mapping onto the primary somatosensory cortex of the projection of the components of the urogenital system in men and the difference in cortical activation in response to erotic vs nonerotic self-stimulation. The nipple was found to project to the same cortical region as the genitals. Evidence is provided that superficial and deep penile stimulation project differentially to the cortex, suggesting that sensory innervation of the penis is provided by more than the (pudendal) dorsal nerve.ConclusionThis study reconciles prior apparently conflicting findings and offers a comprehensive mapping of male genital components to the paracentral lobule. We provide evidence of differential projection of light touch vs pressure applied to the penile shaft, suggesting differential innervation of its superficial, vs deep structure. Similar to the response in women, we found nipple projection to genital areas of the paracentral lobule. We also provide evidence of differential representation of erotic and nonerotic genital self-stimulation, the former activating sensory networks other than the primary sensory cortex, indicating a role of top-down activity in erotic response.Allen K, Wise N, Frangos E, et al. Male Urogenital System Mapped Onto the Sensory Cortex: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence. J Sex Med 2020;17:603–613.     

Testicular Dose in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy

Purpose: To determine the dose received by the unshielded testicles during a course of 20-MV conventional external-beam radiotherapy for patients with localized prostate cancer. Critical evaluation of the potential impact on fertility and hormonal impairment in these patients according to the literature. Patients and Methods: The absolute dose received by the testicles of 20 randomly selected patients undergoing radiotherapy of prostate cancer was measured by on-line thermoluminescence dosimetry. Patients were treated in supine position with an immobilization cushion under their knees. A flexible tube, containing three calibrated thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) was placed on top or underneath the testicle closest to the perineal region with a day-to-day alternation. The single dose to the planning target volume was 1.8 Gy. Ten subsequent testicle measurements were performed on each patient. The individual TLDs were then read out and the total absorbed dose was calculated. Results: The mean total dose (± standard deviation) measured in a series of 10 subsequent treatment days in all patients was 49 cGy (± 36 cGy). The calculated projected doses made on a standard series of 40 fractions of external-beam radiotherapy were 196 cGy (± 145 cGy). The results of this study are appraised with the available data in the literature. Conclusion: The dose received by the unshielded testes can be assessed as a risk for permanent infertility and impairment of hormonal function in prostate cancer patients treated with external-beam radiotherapy.     

HCMV感染动物生殖细胞的实验研究

目的 探讨HCMV感染是否引起大鼠和家兔的睾丸、卵巢组织的损伤。方法 将人巨细胞病毒AD169毒株经静脉接种50只大鼠和30只新西兰兔，30d后以原位杂交和免疫组化方法检验病毒感染动物组织的证据，以组织病理学方法检查动物睾丸、卵巢组织的病理变化。结果 接种病毒之动物睾丸、卵巢组织内可查到病毒抗原或基因，睾丸组织多见生精细胞变性、坏死，精细胞减少甚至消失。结论 HCMV感染可以导致动物睾丸组织生精细胞损伤和生精功能下降。     

Brucella epidydimo-orchitis successfully treated with dual oral drug regimen: A case report with differential diagnoses of malignancy and tuberculosis

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. When complicated, Brucella may affect any organ system, including the genitourinary system in the form of epidydimo-orchitis. Brucella orchitis is the second most common form of complicated brucellosis. The present case is for an adolescent who is otherwise healthy but presented with right testicular pain. Ultrasound imaging showed heterogeneous enlarged right testis with large heterogeneous mass and central necrosis. α-fetoprotein was normal and β-human choriogonadotropin was negative. Malignancy and tuberculosis were excluded based on histopathology and microbiology of the tissue biopsy, respectively. The history of raw dairy consumption and positive serology for B. melitensis and B. abortus established the diagnosis of Brucella epidydimo-orchitis. Treatment was successful with doxycycline and rifampin for four weeks. In pediatrics, it is important to rule out malignancy and make every attempt to avoid orchidectomy by making necessary investigations and involving infectious diseases consultation.