Evaluating the transparency of pharmaceutical company disclosure of payments to patient organisations in the UK

Patient organisations contribute to many areas of pharmaceutical policy. In developing their organisational capacity, many turn to financial support from pharmaceutical companies, which may create conflicts of interests. However, the transparency of the industry’s self-regulatory approach to the disclosure of payments to patient organisations has evaded scrutiny. Using company reports disclosing payments to UK patient organisations in 2012–2016, we evaluate the transparency of reporting using indicators derived from industry’s European patient organisation Code. We found a large proportion of companies did not have any disclosure reports available despite many having made payments, confirmed by comparing with annual financial accounts of patient organisations registered as charities. Where disclosure reports were available, many payments were not adequately described, resulting in large portions of money being disclosed without clarity as to the payment type and purpose. We found companies were clearer regarding whether payments were financial or benefits-in-kind, but transparency was particularly inadequate as to whether it could be determined if payments were indirect or direct and restricted or unrestricted, and almost no companies mentioned the VAT status of payments. Our findings suggest that the industry’s self-regulatory approach to transparency has not been working efficiently. We suggest ways for standardising and increasing the precision of information by pharmaceutical companies and advocate for the introduction of a centralised, and easily accessible national-level payment database.     

DTF降茶氟剂降茶氟初步研究

目的探讨DTF制剂降茶氟效果。方法在不同制茶方法程序中加入DTF制剂观察其降氟效果。结果在冲泡或煮沸(1.0g茶叶,200ml水量)沏茶中,0.2gDTF可使茶氟降低约60%,使茶水氟浓度由2.0～4.0mg/L降到1.0mg/L左右,茶液色、味、pH值无改变。结论DTF是1种有效的降茶氟剂。     

从产业组织学角度看中国医疗广告

随着医疗卫生体制改革的全面推行,医疗行业竞争日趋激烈,众多医院采取不同的策略组合以提高其核心竞争力,而广告正是其主要的营销策略之一.本文在对医疗广告特性、类别、作用进行分析的基础上,从产业组织学角度阐述了医疗广告与医疗市场结构、市场效益的关系,提出了中国医疗广告的发展趋势.     

绿茶对小鼠Lewis肺癌生长的抑制及免疫调节

为了研究茶叶防癌作用，以接种Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌细胞的Ｃ５７／ＢＬ６Ｊ小鼠为实验模型，研究绿茶对带瘤小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制及免疫调节作用。结果表明，接种Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌细胞后，Ｃ５７／ＢＬ６Ｊ小鼠胸腺重量及其指数减轻，Ｔ淋巴细胞ＣＤ４亚群阳性百分数及ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８比值下降，外周血白细胞本底化学发光降低，受酵母多糖刺激产生的化学发光增高以及脾ＩｇＭ抗体生成细胞数减少。绿茶对小鼠体内Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌的生长有明显抑制作用，并对上述各项指标的不良改变有不同程度的保护效果     

化工行业职业性机械伤害危险因素的病例-交叉方法研究

目的 研究化工行业机械伤害的有关诱发因素，估计其作用强度。方法 采用病例-交叉设计的方法。以操作和检修时受伤的化工工人为研究对象，每个对象在受伤后2d内完成调查，收集他们受伤前10min、上一工作日同一段时间和受伤前1周内有关诱发因素暴露的信息，用配对时间段方法和一般频数法进行分析，评估各种诱发因素的危险度。结果 一般频数法分析的结构表明，操作方法异常、设备工具缺陷、工作紧迫、注意力不集中、不使用防护用品、精神状况较差、与同事配合不协调、工作环境发生变化等瞬时危害因素的RR值及95%可信限的下限均大于1。配对时间段方法分析的结果与其相拟，但95%可信限较宽。结论 化工行业职业性机械伤害的发生存在着诸多诱发因素。病例-交叉研究中的一般频数法与配对时间段方法相比，前者所得结果较为可靠，研究的相对效率较高。建议进一步使用多个时间段方法进行研究，以减小混杂因素的影响。     

化工废水中N-亚硝基二正丙胺的吹扫捕集-GC-MS测定法

目的建立简单快速提取并测定N-亚硝基二正丙胺(NDPA)的方法。方法采用Trap3捕集管,利用标准吹扫捕集程序(吹扫气体流速40ml/min,吹扫时间11min,解吸温度225℃,解吸时间4min,烘烤温度230℃,烘烤时间10min),有效富集了化工废水中μg/L级的NDPA,建立了吹扫捕集(P&T)气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)化学源(CI)选择离子模式(uSIS)快速、准确分析废水中NDPA的分析方法。结果方法的相对标准偏差为7.5%;废水的加标回收率在62.60%～96.31%;在5～30μg/L范围内线性良好,线性回归系数为0.978;方法的最低检出限为3μg/L。结论采用P&T-GC-MS/CI/uSIS法可用于化工废水中半挥发性有机物NDPA的测定。     

茶水中锌含量分析方法研究

目的:建立测定茶水中锌含量的方法。方法:采用锌试剂吸光光度法测定茶水中锌含量。结果:在一定条件下,锌含量在0~80μg/25 ml范围内遵守朗伯比耳定律,方法的精密度(RSD)在1.38%~3.27%之间,回收率在94%~107%之内,检测限为5.2μg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.2×104L/mol.cm。结论:本方法经用于茶水样品分析,结果符合要求。     

原子吸收法测定茶叶中的微量元素和溶出率

用火焰原子吸收法测定了3种云南茶叶中的铜、锌、锰、铁和铬的含量及溶出率。其中铜、锌、锰、和铁的溶出率均是红茶和绿茶大于沱茶,铬的溶出率则相近。