采用抽吸取精法结合单精子注射治疗无精子症结局

目的评价经皮附睾精子抽吸术（percutaneus epididymal sperm aspiration,PESA）或睾丸精子抽吸术（testicular sperm aspiration,TESA）结合卵胞浆内单精子注射（intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI）治疗无精子症的临床效果。方法对290例因男性梗阻性及非梗阻性无精子症（non-obstructive azoospermia,NOA）采用PESA或TESA穿刺获取精子,女方采用长方案超排卵,然后对处于细胞分裂中期的成熟卵母细胞进行单精子注射。结果梗阻性无精子症组203例,受精率77.5%,临床妊娠率46.1%;非梗阻性无精子症组87例,受精率73.0%,临床妊娠率41.4%,两组比较其受精率及临床妊娠率均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论采用PESA或TESA获取精子结合ICSI是治疗梗阻性及非梗阻性无精子症等严重的男性不育症的一种有效的方法。     

附睾睾丸取精的效果分析

目的探讨无精子症患者生育后代的可能性及不同取精手术方式的优劣。方法结合患者具体病史、体检、辅助检查结果统计分析108例无精子症患者附睾睾丸取精结局。结果附睾穿刺精子获取率（87.88%）高于睾丸活检方式（30.77%）及睾丸细针穿刺方式（10.00%）,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在选择取精方式前需向患者认真告知,充分知情,在条件容许的范围内遵从患者意愿,合理手术。     

Preliminary evidence on the safety of ICSI with testicular spermatozoa in HCV-infected male: a case report

An infertile couple with a hepatitis C (HCV) RNA-positive male came to our attention. We were not able to perform an assisted reproduction technology (ART) procedure with ejaculated spermatozoa free of HCV RNA using gradient centrifugation and swim up, due to retrograde ejaculation and severe male factor. ICSI with testicular spermatozoa was the most rational therapeutic approach. The couple was informed about the lack of adequate data on the safety of this therapeutic approach. The risks of this procedure were accepted by the couple. Testicular sperm aspiration combined with ICSI (TESA-ICSI) was performed. After a negative result for an HCV RNA PCR on the embryos' culture medium, four embryos were transferred to the uterine cavity on the third day. The procedure resulted in an ongoing clinical pregnancy, and HCV antibody determinations performed in the mother at the 12th and 24th week of pregnancy were negative. The pregnancy ended at the 39th week due to endo-uterine death. No malformation or hepatic pathologies were found in the conceptus. A second TESA-ICSI cycle is ongoing. This preliminary evidence suggests that, in HCV sero-positive males, ICSI with testicular spermatozoa may be a safe procedure. However, we need more observations to clarify if ART is really able to reduce horizontal and vertical transmission of HCV in sero-discordant couples (only the male infected) in comparison with natural conception.     

稀少精子冻融后行卵胞浆内单精子注射对受精结局的影响

目的 探讨TESA 获得的稀少精子冻融后行ICSI 的受精结局。方法 回顾性分析本中心2014 年1 月至2021 年4 月对因严重少、弱、畸形精子症患者射出的精子行常规ICSI,对非梗阻性无精子患者经过TESA 得到的少量新鲜或冻融后精子行ICSI,共200 例患者为研究对象。按精子来源不同分为A：常规ICSI 精子组（n=107）;B：冷冻TESA 精子组（n=35）;C：新鲜TESA 精子组（n=58）。通过病例对照研究,分析比较各组临床一般资料和实验室数据,评估胚胎质量。结果 B组获卵数、卵子成熟率[（11.63±2.87）枚,82.31%]与A 组[（10.81±3.21）枚,82.63%]和C 组[（11.46±3.16）枚,82.41%]相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。B 组的正常受精率、正常卵裂率、优质胚胎率（62.99%、84.83%、34.64%）与A 组（82.11%、97.07%、48.29%）和C 组（73.18%、91.02%、42.47%）相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 经皮睾丸精子抽吸术获得的稀少精子冷冻复苏后行卵胞浆内单精子注射能够解决非梗阻性无精子症患者的不育难题。     

126例梗阻性无精子症借助ICSI治疗的临床结局分析

目的 探讨梗阻性无精子症采用不同方式获取的精子对卵胞浆内单精子注射术（ICSI）治疗的妊娠结局.方法 根据获取精子的方式不同将梗阻性无精子症患者分为两组：TESA组46例、PESA组80例,两组患者均行ICSI治疗.比较两组受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、种植率及临床妊娠率等.结果 TESA组与PESA组的卵裂率分别为882%和942%,优质胚胎率分别为622%和625%,两组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉005）.两组受精率分别为721%和776%,种植率分别为233%、348%,临床妊娠率分别431%、687%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈005）.结论 PESA或TESA结合ICSI是治疗梗阻性无精子症的有效治疗方法,附睾精子优于睾丸精子,可首选抽取附睾精子.     

3106个不同来源精子ICSI周期临床妊娠结局分析

目的:分析精子的来源对卵胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析因男性不育行ICSI的3 106个新鲜周期,按精子来源分为:射精组(A组)、附睾穿刺取精(PESA)组(B组)、睾丸穿刺取精(TESA)组(C组)、冻融PESA精子组(D组)及冻融TESA精子组(E组),比较各组ICSI后胚胎发育及妊娠结局情况。结果:C组2PN受精率、卵裂率显著低于A组及B组;B组临床妊娠率、胚胎植入率显著高于A组及C组,A组、B组及C组间分娩率、异位妊娠率、流产率及新生儿畸形率无统计学差异(P>0.05);E组2PN受精率显著低于D组,但B组与D组之间、C组与E组间2PN受精率、优质胚胎率、多胎率、流产率及异位妊娠率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:PESA/TESA-ICSI、冻融PESA/TESA精子技术是治疗梗阻性无精子症安全有效的方法,建议首先选择附睾取精,并可将剩余PESA/TESA精子冻存。     

经皮附睾或睾丸抽吸取精结合ICSI治疗无精子症

目的评价经皮附睾精子抽吸术（percutaneus epididymal sperm aspiration,PESA）或睾丸精子抽吸术（testicu1ar sperm aspiration,TESA）结合卵胞浆内单精子注射（intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI）治疗无精子症的临床效果。方法对290例因男性梗阻性及非梗阻性无精子症（non-obstructive azoospermia,NOA）采用PESA或TESA穿刺获取精子,女方采用长方案超排卵,然后对处于细胞分裂中期的成熟卵母细胞进行单精予注射。结果梗阻性无精子症组203例,受精率77．5％,临床妊娠率46．1％;非梗阻性无精子症组87例,受精率73．O％,临床妊娠率41．4％,两组比较其受精率及临床妊娠率均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论采用PESA或TESA获取精子结合ICSI是治疗梗阻性及非梗阻性无精子症等严重的男性不育症的一种有效的方法。     

Fresh MESA improved embryo fertilization, cleavage, blastula formation and implantation rates after failed TESA in couples with obstructive azoospermia.

Purpose

To determine whether our use of fresh MESA cycles improved outcomes in patients with obstructive azoospermia who had failed IVF with TESA.

Methods

A prospective observational trial of couples undergoing IVF for obstructive azoospermia was performed at an academic IVF center.

Results

When TESA resulted in poor embryo cleavage, implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates, subsequent fresh MESA cycles in these same couples, demonstrated dramatic improvement in cleavage, blastulation, implantation and live birth rates.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing IVF-TESA-ICSI with obstructive azoospermia resulting in poor cleavage rates, blastulation rates and cycle failure, a repeat cycle with MESA may result in marked improvement in outcome.     

Andrology: Emergency Sperm Extraction for Transient Erectile Dysfunction Prior to Assisted Conception

Purpose: During assisted conception treatment the male partner is under stress and consequently can fail to produce semen sample prior to egg collection. Failure to produce spermatozoa at a given time could lead to cancellation of the procedure.Methods: We report the use of emergency percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) for temporary erectile dysfunction in a couple undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment. In the last 2 years, we saw three men who failed to produce a semen sample on the day of their partners' egg collection procedure.Results: In the first case the male partner failed to produce semen after egg collection and the cycle was canceled. This clinical scenario was likely to recur and one of the options was to consider PESA. In the second case the male partner was counseled about the availability of PESA but he managed to produce spermatozoa at home. The third patient was unable to produce a semen sample despite being provided audiovisual support and being allowed to go home. Five hours after the egg collection, emergency PESA was performed after appropriate counseling. The procedure yielded motile spermatozoa which were used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection which resulted in successful fertilization, embryo transfer, and pregnancy.Conclusions: This case emphasizes that surgical procedures, such as PESA,TESA, and TESE, are useful alternatives but should be the last option to obtain sperm for ART. Other nonsurgical procedures, such as audiovisual aids, producing sperm at home, and the use of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) must be offered first to men with temporary erectile dysfunction during ART treatment.