Thrombolysis and angioplasty for acute lower limb ischemia in Buerger's disease

Acute lower limb ischemia secondary to Buerger's disease in a young patient responded to thrombolysis and subsequent popliteal and anterior artery angioplasty. The value of angioplasty in non-limb-threatening ischemia in Buerger's disease has not been established but this case illustrates a role for thrombolysis and angioplasty in acute ischemia.     

利用显色底物CBZ-GLY-PRO-ARG-pNA测定血浆纤溶酶原活性

用国产显色三肽CBZ-gly-pro-arg-pNA为底物测定血浆纤溶酶原(plg)活性,选择链激酶(SK)为plg激活物,向待测标本中加入足量的SK与plg形成具有纤溶酶活性的复合物,对实验系统中的显色底物产生酰胺分解作用,裂解出显色集团对硝基苯胺。血浆中plg活性与显色反应呈正相关。作者对实验的最佳条件和影响因素作了讨论。用本法测定60例健康者plg活性,提出正常参考值范围为100.00±8.69%(■±S)。     

链激酶治疗老年急性心肌梗塞患者的临床分析

目的探讨链激酶(SK)静脉溶栓治疗对老年患者的影响。方法对138例链激酶(SK)静脉溶栓治疗的患者进行临床分析,按年龄分组,对溶栓后冠状动脉再通率、心脏事件发生率、病死率及出血并发症作临床分析。结果 >65岁组的患者其血管再通率、心脏事件发生率、病死率及出血并发症与≤65岁的患者比较无显著性差异(70.5％ vs.77.7％ P>0.05;40.9％vs.40.4％ P>0.05;15.9％vs.10.6％ P>0.05;11.4％vs.10.6％ P>0.05)。结论 SK静脉溶栓治疗老年急性心肌梗塞患者是安全可行的,但要视每位患者具体情况而定。     

The influence of baseline prognostic variables on outcome after thrombolysis

Thrombolysis increases case fatality but reduces the proportion of disabled survivors in recent trials in acute ischaemic stroke, although some trials show much higher mortality rates than others. One possible explanation for the different outcomes between trials is that the treatment effect with thrombolysis varies with baseline prognostic factors such as stroke severity. We examined the interaction between baseline risk and thrombolysis on outcome using individual patient data from the Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial–Italy (MAST-I). A multiple logistic regression of the MAST-I data was performed to identify which factors, identifiable at randomisation, most strongly predict a poor functional outcome. We then stratified the patients into those with severe strokes and those with mild strokes and examined the effect of thrombolysis on (a) case fatality and (b) dependency at 6 months after the stroke in the 157 patients who received streptokinase alone and the 156 controls. Streptokinase was found to cause an absolute increase of about 3% in case fatality in both “severe” and “mild” strokes; however, there was a 12% reduction in the number of dead or dependent “mild” strokes but a 6% increase in “severe” strokes. The number of patients was small, and therefore neither finding was statistically significant. In this exploratory analysis, the hazard with streptokinase appears similar in “severe” and “mild” strokes, but the benefit may be greater in “mild” strokes. Thrombolysis may be more effective in patients with “mild” strokes, but more information is required to confirm this hypothesis. Received: 29 January 1999 Received in revised form: 13 April 1999 Accepted: 5 May 1999     

Streptokinase may play role in expanding non-operative management of infected walled off pancreatic necrosis: Preliminary results

Goals and backgroundWe evaluated ex and in vivo effect of streptokinase on pancreatic necrosum to improve the success rate of pigtail catheter drainage and irrigation in infected walled off pancreatic necrosis using step up approach and also looked at potential risk of bleeding.Experiment and clinical cases1000 IU/ml of streptokinase was added to 10 g. of intra-operatively obtained fresh tissue of peripancreatic necrosis and results compared to treatment with saline. Mixture was incubated for 12 h in thermostat at 37.5 °C and subjected to histopathology. Subsequently streptokinase (50,000 units thrice a day for 5 days through PCD) was used in two patients with walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) not responding to step up approach and who were being considered for surgery.Grossly there was fragmentation of necrosum in streptokinase treated tissue. Microscopically complete loss of supportive collagenous framework was noted in streptokinase treated necrosum with clumping of necrotic tissue into structure-less mass. No such changes were discernible in saline treated tissue. In two patients with WOPN there was clearance of debris after streptokinase instillation. None of the patients was on thromboprophylaxis and bleeding was not noticed in any of the patients.ConclusionBased on ex vivo effect of streptokinase in dissolution of necrosum at periphery, we believe that in patients with walled off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) not responding to pigtail catheter drainage and saline irrigation; streptokinase may prove to be useful adjunct.     

Akute Leberblutung unter Lysetherapie mit Urokinase und Streptokinase

Zusammenfassung Bei einer 37-j?hrigen Patientin mit Lungenembolie kam es unter einer dreit?gigen Lyse-Therapie mit Streptokinase und einer anschlie?enden fünft?gigen Urokinase-Gabe zu einer massiven Leberblutung. Die Patientin hatte keine Vorerkrankung, die diese schwerwiegende Komplikation erwarten lie?, auch wurde zu keiner Zeit ein Trauma im abdominellen Bereich beschrieben. Durch die intraoperativ durchgeführte Massivtransfusion und hochdosierter Volumentherapie konnte das bestehende Volumendefizit ausgeglichen und der Kreislauf trotz des hohen Blutverlustes bei einer Leberteilresektion stabilisiert werden. Eine Gerinnungsst?rung konnte durch den frühzeitigen Einsatz von Frischplasma und Heparin verhindert werden. Leberblutungen unter einer ultrahohen Streptokinase-Therapie sind selten, werden jedoch in der Literatur beschrieben. Unter der Gabe von Urokinase wird diese Komplikation sonst nicht beobachtet. Im vorliegenden Fall kam es erst fünf Tage nach der letzten Streptokinase-Gabe zu den klinischen Zeichen einer Blutung, sodass auch Urokinase als Ursache diskutiert werden muss. Eingegangen: 11. August 2001 Akzeptiert: 6. September 2001     

Alteplase (r-TPA) vs streptokinase

The GUSTO trial and an Australian consensus meeting in 1993 led to the recommendation that recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA) was the preferred thrombolytic in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ST segment elevation under the age of 75, whose infarction was anterior, who could be treated within four hours of the onset of symptoms and who did not have a contraindication to thrombolysis. Available data suggest that streptokinase (SK) should not be administered in a patient who has received this drug three days or more previously.
New data on the risks of stroke confirm that the use of r-TPA is associated with a higher risk of intracranial haemorrhage than SK, and those with a high risk profile for intracranial haemorrhage (hypertension and advanced age) should receive SK rather than r-TPA.
It may be justified to give r-TPA to any patient with a large infarct regardless of location, within four hours of the onset of infarction in an attempt to achieve TIMI flow grade 3 (complete) reperfusion, reduce mortality and improve left ventricular function and clinical outcomes. The focus for the future will be on how to treat more patients earlier with thrombolytic agents, rather than the choice of agent.     

静脉溶栓对老年急性心肌梗塞近期及远期预后的影响

本文分析比较静脉溶栓治疗对老年急性心肌梗塞患者近期及远期预后的影响，２４例患者分为两组，溶栓组１２例，年龄６０～７７岁，静脉滴注尿激酶１００万Ｕ或链激酶１５０万Ｕ；对照组１２例，年龄６１～７９岁。全部患者均为男性。发现溶栓组近期冠脉再通率５８．３％，３０天内死亡１人；对照组无再通的临床征象，死亡２人。存活者随访观察３年，溶栓组左室射血分数较对照组高（５１．５８±７．６２％比４２．４１±１．４９％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。但梗塞后心绞痛、心律失常、再次心肌梗塞的发生率和病死率两组间无统计学意义的差别