湖南省洪涝灾害高发地区钩端螺旋体病流行因素的研究

目的研究湖南省洪涝灾害高发地区钩端螺旋体病的流行因素。方法选择洞庭湖区6个县研究传染源密度、带茵情况和自然人群、病人与动物抗体水平，按国家有关标准进行实验室和现场工作。结果(1)传染源：灭鼠前、后和钩体病流行后期鼠密度分别为7．02％、2．31％和4．64％，优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠，灭鼠后鼠密度下降了67．09％：村民家庭家畜饲养以圈养形式占99．15％，喂商品混合饲料的占72．33％。(2)病原学：对鼠、猪、犬和病人的标本进行钩体培养，分离出82株钩体，黄疸出血群占70．73％，1株国内新型茵，黑线姬鼠分离率高达11．03％。(3)血清学：检测1263名自然人15个群钩体抗体，一群以上抗体阳性率未接种钩体苗为50．88％，接种一针四价钩体为72．55％，人群抗体有14群之多；检测85例病人双份血清抗体，确诊63例，符合率74．11％，黄疸出血群感染比例最高；流行季节牛、犬和出栏猪抗体分别有14、8和7个群，牛阳性率最高。结论流行前灭鼠效果好，不仅降低了鼠密度，还降低了带茵率；主要传染源是鼠和牛，牛作为传染源的意义大于猪和犬；人群接种一针四价钩体菌苗亦有效；病人感染黄疸出血、澳洲和秋季群为多。     

Treatment of Acute Lumbar Sprain with Single Acupoint： A RCT

目的:评价单一穴位治疗急性腰扭伤的治疗效果.方法:根据统一的诊断标准,在多个临床中心进行随机对照研究.全部病例320例经随机数字表法分为针刺后溪穴观察组和针刺腰痛点对照组.对患者的疼痛程度分别由医师和患者进行评分.结果:治疗2个疗程后,观察组和对照组近期有效率分别为89.4%和82.5%,远期有效率分别为95.6%和93.5%.经Ridit分析,近期疗效差异有统计意义(P<0.05),远期疗效差异无统计意义(P>0.05).结论:针刺单一穴位治疗急性腰扭伤疗效确切,取穴简便,后溪穴疗效好于腰痛点.     

艾灸"肺俞""膏肓"影响BLMA5诱导肺纤维化大鼠TGF-β1表达实验研究

目的:探索针灸阻抑肺纤维化的效应机制,为针灸介入肺纤维化防治提供实验依据.方法:将SD大鼠140只随机分为4组:空白组、模型组、艾灸组、泼尼松组,每组35只.气管内注入博莱霉素制作大鼠肺纤维化模型,造模后7 d开始治疗,以5 mg艾绒灸其双侧"肺俞""膏肓",每穴3壮,每天1次,10 d为一疗程,共治疗3个疗程后处死动物,采用PCR检测其转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)mRNA表达.结果:肺组织TGF-β1mRNA表达分别为:空白组1.0258±0.0057,模型组2.8104±0.2905,艾灸组1.6174±0.1136,泼尼松组1.7176±0.1079.艾灸组、泼尼松组与模型组比较,P<0.01,艾灸组与泼尼松组比较,P>0.05.结论:艾灸"肺俞""膏肓"与泼尼松治疗均能显著抑制肺纤维化大鼠肺组织TGF-β1mRNA表达.     

2004-2005年我院细菌分离和耐药性分析

目的分析2004-2005年我院临床分离的细菌构成及耐药性的动态变化。方法应用VITEK2全自动细菌分析仪,对2004-2005年临床送检标本中分离的菌株进行鉴定和药敏测定。结果2年所检出的前5位细菌均为肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。耐甲氧西林菌株的检出呈上升趋势,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的菌株有下降趋势。细菌耐药性均有不同程度增加,革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素仍保持高度敏感性,革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南西司他丁高度敏感,但铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南西司他丁的耐药性迅速上升,而阿米卡星则保持了较好的抗菌活性。革兰阴性杆菌对头孢吡肟的耐药性较高。结论我院分离的细菌耐药水平高且多重耐药,掌握细菌耐药谱的变化,有利于促进抗菌药物的合理应用。     

两个品系小鼠肺纤维化模型的比较观察

目的采用气管内注射博莱霉素（Bleomycin,BLM）的方法,比较观察两个品系小鼠肺纤维化程度,确定适用的肺纤维化小鼠模型。方法BALB／c小鼠和C57BL／6小鼠分别分成模型组和对照组,模型组气管内注射博莱霉素（5mg／kg）,对照组气管内注射相同体积生理盐水。所有小鼠于造模后第28日处死,观察肺系数、肺组织病理学改变及羟脯氨酸含量的变化。结果光镜下各模型组肺组织呈不同程度纤维化,其中以C57BL／6小鼠最为明显;模型组的羟脯氨酸（HYP）含量均显著高于对照组;C57BL／6小鼠模型组肺系数及HYP明显高于BALB／c小鼠模型组。结论通过气管内注射博莱霉素,BALB／c及C57BL／6小鼠均能复制肺纤维化模型,以C57BL／6小鼠肺纤维化程度最高,获得的肺纤维化模型较为理想。     

纤支镜灌洗用于重症肺部感染治疗疗效分析

目的：分析在对重症肺部感染患者实施治疗的过程中纤支镜灌洗的临床治疗疗效。方法选择2013年6月～2015年6月收治的接受重症肺部感染治疗的患者98例为实验研究的对象，按照随机单双法将患者分为观察组（n＝49）和对照组（n＝49），观察组患者运用纤支镜灌洗进行治疗，对照组患者运用常规的治疗方法实施治疗，对比分析两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果观察组患者治疗有效率和致病菌株清除率分别为95．9％、89．5％；对照组患者治疗有效率和致病菌株清除率分别为87．8％、41．4％，观察组患者治疗有效率、致病菌株清除率以及平均住院时间和平均退热时间等均明显优于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论在常规治疗的基础上运用纤支镜灌洗对重症肺部感染患者实施治疗可以提高临床治疗的效果和致病菌株的清除率，缩短了患者的平均住院时间和平均退热时间，改善了患者各项临床症状和体征，是一种效果理想且显著的治疗方法，值得临床推广。     

实验动物品系数据库的建立

目的基于国内外部分实验动物数据库和文献,收集整理世界上现有的200多种共计26 000多个品系的实验动物数据,建立关系型检索数据库,使其成为世界上最大最全的实验动物品系数据库。方法构建基于My SQL数据库软件的中小型数据库,建立检索界面、录入界面和数据库接口。结果本文建立了实验动物品系数据库,已经收录小鼠品系数据21 596条;大鼠品系数据2062条;猴品系数据13条;地鼠品系数据2条;犬品系数据5条;兔品系数据5条。以后会逐步完善数据,实现实验动物品系数据库的定期更新。讨论该数据库的建立方便我国科研人员查阅和使用国内外实验动物品系资源,为引进欧美日等发达国家的实验动物品系资源提供链接。     

Localization of Genes Affecting Alcohol Drinking in Mice

The genomic map locations of specific genes controlling behaviors can be identified by studying a panel of recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains. The progenitor C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) strains, and 19 of the BXD RI strains derived from an F2 cross of these progenitors, were tested for 3% and 10% ethanol (EtOH) intake. The test sequence began with two-bottle free choice between tap water and unsweetened ethanol, and ended with free choice between water and saccharin-sweetened ethanol. Saccharin preference was also measured. Correlational analyses indicated that 59% of the genetic variance in 10% ethanol and sweetened 10% ethanol consumption was held in common, 24% of the genetic variance in saccharin and sweetened 10% ethanol consumption was held in common, and only 7% of the genetic variance in saccharin and unsweetened 10% ethanol consumption was held in common. These percentages for 3% ethanol solutions were 21%, 36%, and 14%. In addition, the severity of handling-induced convulsions during ethanol withdrawal was found to be significantly associated with the amount of ethanol consumed from the sweetened ethanol drinking tubes, suggesting that genetic differences in avidity for ethanol could lead to the development of physical dependence. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses revealed that several genetic markers were associated with ethanol consumption levels, including markers for the D2 dopamine receptor. QTL analyses of saccharin and sweetened ethanol consumption identified the sac locus, thought to determine the ability to detect saccharin. In general, our results suggest that saccharin and ethanol consumption are determined by the actions of multiple genes (QTL), some in common, and suggest specific map locations of several such QTL on the mouse genome.     

Alcohol Acceptance, Preference, and Sensitivity in Mice. II. Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Analysis Using BXD Recombinant Inbred Strains

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of complex phenotypes has emerged as an important feature of the recombinant inbred (Rl) strain methodology. In this second study of our series on alcohol-related behaviors in mice, we examine alcohol acceptance, preference, and hypnotic dose sensitivity (HDS) to a standard dose of alcohol measured in BXD RI strains to identify candidate QTL regions responsible for their heritability. We detected highly significant marker associations for acceptance on chromosome 12 (Eif4e) , for preference on chromosome 1 (D1Rti2) and chromosome 7 (D7Mit7) , and for HDS on chromosome 7 (Mpmv1). These are the strongest QTL associations that we detected, but several other candidate QTL regions are reported. Given the limited number of BXD RI strains available, the large number of markers used herein, and the consequent chance of identifying false marker associations, these RI QTL mapping results must be seen as tentative, but an important first step toward identifying QTL for alcohol-related behaviors.     

Confirmation of Correlations and Common Quantitative Trait Loci Between Neurotensin Receptor Density and Hypnotic Sensitivity to Ethanol

BACKGROUND: In previous studies, genetic correlations were observed between hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol and high-affinity neurotensin receptor (NTS1) binding. Provisional quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for these traits, and some of these QTLs were found on common chromosomal regions. In continued efforts to examine the relationship between NTS1 binding capacity and hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol, studies were designed to confirm correlations between NTS1 densities in the brain, duration of ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR), and blood ethanol concentrations at regain of righting reflex (BECRR). Another purpose of the study was to confirm QTLs for these traits. METHODS: ILS X ISS F2 mice and HAS X LAS F2 rats as well as the progenitors were tested for LORR, BECRR, and NTS1 densities. Phenotypic correlations were calculated between LORR and BECRR and between these measures and NTS1 densities in striatum from both mice and rats. The F2 mice were genotyped by using polymorphic markers for five previously reported QTLs for LORR to confirm QTLs for BECRR and NTS1 densities in striatum, ventral midbrain, and frontal cortex. RESULTS: Phenotypic correlations were found between LORR and BECRR (r = -0.66 to -0.74, p < 10(-9)) and between these measures and NTS1 densities in striatum (r = 0.28-0.38, p < 10(-2)) from both mice and rats. QTLs for LORR and BECRR (lod score = 2-6) were found in common regions of chromosomes 1, 2, and 15. By using the combined results from a previous LSXSS RI study and the current results, a suggestive QTL (lod score = 3.1) for striatal NTS1 receptor densities was found on chromosome 15 at approximately 60 cM, in the same region as the chromosome 15 LORR/BECRR QTL. CONCLUSIONS: The results are in agreement with previously reported correlations and QTLs for NTS1 receptor densities and measures of hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol in mice and extend those correlations to another species, the rat. These findings support a role for NTS1 in genetically mediated differences in hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol.