Percutaneous Endovascular Treatment for Stenoses and Occlusions of Infrarenal Aorta and Aortoiliac Bifurcation: Midterm Results

OBJECTIVE: evaluation and comparison of the endovascular treatment of isolated aortic and aortoiliac atherosclerotic lesions (stenoses and occlusions). METHODS: a percutaneous endovascular procedure was performed in 52 patients (38 men and 14 women) with a mean age of 52 years (range, 25-85 years). The baseline angiogram showed 35 aortic lesions (31 stenoses, 4 occlusions) and 17 aortoiliac lesions (14 stenoses, 3 occlusions). Percutaneous techniques used in this series included variable combinations of transluminal angioplasty and stenting. All stents placements were performed over-the-wire using the transfemoral route (most often bilateral approach). Clinical examination and Duplex-scan were performed at discharge, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and then yearly. RESULTS: technical success was 100% for aortic and aortoiliac lesions. Angiographic success rates were comparable for aortic (91%) and aortoiliac (94%) lesions. No death occurred during or early after the endovascular intervention. Duplex-scan confirmed 100% patency rate at discharge. There was no significant difference between the aortic (94%) and aortoiliac (96%) groups regarding immediate clinical improvement. Mean follow-up was 34+/-31 months (range, 0-130 months). The cumulative primary patency rate at 36 months was 85% in the aortic group and 86% in the aortoiliac group. Clinical success, defined as a symptom-free status at the end of follow-up, was also similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: endovascular treatment of isolated aortic lesions of the infra-renal aorta has favorable outcomes comparable to those of aortoiliac lesions.     

生物可降解性尿道内支架修复战伤性尿道狭窄的研究

目的建立战伤性尿道狭窄动物模型,探讨生物可降解性尿道内支架对其进行重建修复的可行性。方法将新西兰雄兔28只分为两组,实验组(n=20):以定位爆炸法建立尿道狭窄模型。一月后行逆行尿道造影、尿道镜检查,并切除狭窄段尿道,行病理组织学观察证实。后置入人工合成生物可降解尿道内支架,置入术后2、4、8、12周分别行逆行尿道造影、尿道镜检查以及尿流动力学检测。并在以上各时间点处死5只动物,取狭窄处尿道组织,观察组织学修复重建情况。对照组(n=8):于实验组爆炸处理后4周和支架置入12周,分别取对照组4只动物与实验组对比观察。结果实验组所有动物爆炸后4周在尿道球部狭窄形成稳定狭窄模型(狭窄段长5～10 mm,尿道腔缩窄50%以上)。尿道内支架置入后2周,组织学观察见黏膜上皮新生迹象,并有炎性细胞浸润;4周时上皮新生明显,炎性细胞消失;8周时出现尿道平滑肌细胞再生,12周时见损伤后尿道组织结构完全修复,与正常尿道组织比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。。同时间点尿道镜检查证实尿道腔隙、黏膜形态结构无异于正常对照组。尿流动力学检测显示两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。。结论应用成功建立的战伤性尿道狭窄动物模型,证实生物可降解性尿道内支架能作为修复战伤性尿道狭窄的理想材料,具有损伤小,易操作,功能恢复快的特点。     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS) with balloon-expandable and self-expanding stents: Technical and clinical aspects after 3 1/2 years’ experience

Purpose To evaluate prospectively our experience with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) using four different metallic stents. Methods Between November 1991 and April 1995, 57 patients (41 men and 16 women; age 35–72 years, mean 54 years) underwent the TIPS procedure. Techniques for portal vein localization before and during TIPS were fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT) studies, wedged hepatic venography, arterial portography, and ultrasound. After predilation we deployed balloon-expandable (n=48) and self-expanding (n=45) metallic stents. Fifteen patients underwent variceal embolization. Initial follow-up angiograms (mean 6.9 months, range 3–24 months) were obtained in 39 of these patients. Results Fifty-three patients (93%) had successful TIPS placement. The mean decrease in portal pressure was 42.7%. Besides fluoroscopy, the most helpful techniques for portal vein localization were venography and CT. Residual stenosis (n=1) and late shortening (n=4) of Wallstents resulted in shunt dysfunction. The technical problems encountered with the Palmaz stent resulted from its lack of flexibility. We combined balloon-expandable and self-expanding stents in 12 patients. The 30-day and late follow-up (mean 11.9 months) percutaneous reintervention rates were 11.3% and 64.2%, respectively. There were no clinically significant complications related to the TIPS insertions. Conclusion An ideal stent does not exist for TIPS, and the authors recommend combining a Palmaz stent with a flexible self-expanding stent.     

血管内支架模型及离体血管经腔内超声三维重建的实验研究

我们自制了16个不同形状和大小的金属支架模型，置入人造血管腔中，并采用高体正常血管8条（犬腹主动脉4条，人冠状动脉4条）进行经血管腔内超声显像（IVUS）的体元模型三维重建（3DR）研究。结果显示，该技术能真实地再现支架在管腔内的形态、支架与管壁之间的间隙及离体正常血管的管腔及管壁形态，经提取后重建的支架模型与实物非常相似。经3DR测得的支架及血管腔内径与实测值均高度相关（r分别为0.96和0.99，p＜0．001）。支架与管壁之间空隙的3DR测值与实测值也高度相关（r=0.97，p＜r.0.01）。     

Use of suture-mediated vascular closure devices for the management of femoral vein access after transcatheter procedures.

Groin complications remain the most common complication of cardiac catheterization procedures. While the use of closure devices is increasing for arterial sheaths, venous sheaths tend to be removed and hemostasis achieved with manual compression. We report our experience using Perclose suture-mediated vascular closure device to achieve hemostasis and early mobility in patients who have had venous access as part of their procedure. There were a total of 42 patients (21 males; average age, 63.5 years) studied. The majority of the patients had 7 Fr sheaths (24), with access sites of sheaths up to 14 Fr being closed with this technique. Two patients developed complications at the access site: one patient requiring rehospitalization for intravenous antibiotics because of late access site infection, and one patient with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. We conclude that the use of the Perclose suture-mediated closure device for closure of femoral venous access sites is feasible and should be considered especially in patients with larger venous sheaths and those at increased risk of groin complications.     

布-加氏综合症介入放射学治疗

目的　探讨布 -加氏综合征不同类型的介入放射学治疗效果。方法　 1例患者经下腔静脉造影后采用球囊成形术 ,其余 3例均造影后行球囊成形 支架置入术。结果　 1例膜型梗阻经球囊成形术后治愈 ,2例节段型梗阻患者经球囊成形术后分别置入“Z型支架 ,1例肝静脉型置入wallstent支架治愈。结论　介入放射学在诊治布 -加氏综合征方面是一种独特、有效的方法。     

Coronary stenting for coronary artery narrowing in a heart transplant recipient

Transplant atherosclerotic coronary disease remains the leading cause of death in heart transplant recipients. We report the first case of coronary stent implantation in a heart graft for epicardial focal stenosis. Due to the lower rate of restenosis after stenting in the native coronary artery, we suggest that coronary stenting be considered an acceptable, first intention therapeutic option instead of angioplasty alone whenever possible.     

金属支架植入治疗上尿路闭锁的中期结果

目的评价金属支架植入治疗上尿路闭锁的中期疗效。方法1995年10月至1998年12月，采用金属支架永久植入治疗上尿路闭锁患者13例，其中肾盂输尿管连接部闭锁8例，肾下盏输尿管吻合口闭锁3例，输尿管上段闭锁和输尿管膀膀吻合口闭锁各1例。闭锁长度1．0～3．6cm。采用影像学方法定期随访，必要时行输尿管镜检查。结果13例术后随访1～9年，平均92个月。输尿管引流通畅6例，需辅助停留输尿管内支架管、换管时见支架处上皮覆盖完全3例，因肾功能进行性恶化而行肾切除2例，因肾积脓感染无法控制而取出金属支架2例。3例患者分别于置管后4、6、6个月发现支架内肉芽组织生长，用钬激光汽化肉芽组织。其中1例4个月后又出现肉芽组织生长，再用钬激光汽化后长期留置双J管。2例患者于置管术后28、32个月并发支架近端结石，分别用微创经皮取石术和输尿管镜取出。结论金属支架植入治疗上尿路闭锁安全、有效，中期结果满意，其对上尿路动力学的影响尚需进一步研究。     

血管内覆膜支架置入治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 :介绍血管内覆膜支架置入治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的初步经验。材料与方法 :本组 6例 Debakey 型的慢性降主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者行血管内覆膜支架置入治疗。经股动脉将 Talent覆膜支架置于夹层动脉瘤裂口处 ,支架张开使覆膜支架固定于裂口附近的主动脉壁上将裂口封闭并阻断血流。结果 :6例病人均获得成功 ,手术和临床成功率 10 0 %。 1例患者术中出现内漏 ,置入第二枚支架后漏口封闭。平均随访 7个月 ,所有患者内膜裂口全部完全封闭 ,假腔内血栓形成无内漏 ,假腔均明显缩小。结论 :血管内覆膜支架置入治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤具有安全可靠 ,患者术后恢复快的优点     

血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄

目的:探讨颅内动脉狭窄血管内球囊支架成形术的可行性、安全性及其疗效。方法:17例患者术前3天给予阿司匹林300mg/天和噻氯吡啶250mg/天,6F(Envoy)导引导管放置到颈内动脉远段或椎动脉近颅底段,造影获得工作位,评价血管狭窄程度:狭窄率=(1-狭窄处管径/狭窄远端管径)×100%,微导丝在路途导引下通过颅内动脉狭窄段,向远端直至P2或M2段,确保足够的支撑力。选择支架大小的依据为狭窄远端正常血管的直径,导丝引导下支架通过狭窄部位,造影确定支架位置正确,充盈球囊至5～6大气压,支架释放后造影确认展开良好,回撤球囊,无并发症,操作完毕。随访3～10月。结果:17例患者颅内动脉狭窄处植入支架,技术成功100%,造影显示狭窄由术前(78.3±12.9)%降至术后(6.8±7.3)%,狭窄的动脉管径恢复,短期随访(3～10个月)显示很好临床效果。术中出现一例蛛网膜下腔少量出血(SAH),对症治疗痊愈。6例随访造影未见血管再狭窄。结论:颅内动脉狭窄支架植入增加血管内径,改善血流量,减轻临床症状,是一种安全、可行有效的治疗方法。