社区卫生服务药品政策实施的利益相关者分析

本文通过分析社区卫生服务药品管理政策实施过程中涉及的利益相关者(集团),研究和讨论各利益相关者(集团)的角色、优势和劣势、实施意愿、实施能力及对策,总结和归纳社区卫生服务机构药品政策实施过程中存在的问题,并提出当前需要合理确定和应用基本药物目录,制定和落实有效的补偿政策,同时提高企业生产基本药品的积极性,加强宣传以提高居民对药品管理政策的认识。     

基于合作对象探讨我国学术期刊专题/专栏建设

【目的】 了解学术期刊专题/专栏建设的现状,以切实发挥学术期刊专题/专栏建设的作用,为期刊的品牌建设、学术创新、影响力提升和办刊质量提高提供策略。【方法】 采用问卷调查法,对全国范围内397名专题/专栏合作对象(包括期刊主编、编委、审稿人、作者)进行调查,了解他们对期刊专题/专栏建设的态度和意见,从合作对象视角探讨影响学术期刊专题/专栏建设成功率和有效性的因素。【结果】 合作对象态度上,表示支持专题/专栏建设工作的比例较高(71.28%),但供稿率不高(43.37%),存在态度和行为分离的现象。排名前5的供稿率影响因素是期刊被本专业领域研究者认可、期刊被数据库收录情况、期刊影响力、期刊品牌、期刊的处理速度。最优的约稿方式是行业内的学术带头人联系约稿,其次是熟识的专家委托和期刊主编亲自联系进行约稿。合作对象最希望获得的帮助是稿件快速审理发表和确定选题方向。【结论】 为提高学术期刊专题/专栏建设质量,应进一步挖掘重要合作对象的作用,有针对性地选择高供稿率的合作对象;努力挖掘和利用影响合作对象供稿的因素,在期刊品牌建设、扩大影响力方面下功夫;优化约稿方式方法,重视行业学术带头人的作用;同时通过稿件快速审理发表、帮助确定选题并提供发表后推广等服务,提高合作对象对专题/专栏建设工作的认可度和参与度。     

电子健康档案建设中的利益相关者分析

通过利益相关者理论分析电子健康档案建设中的利益相关者。主要利益相关者是居民、卫生行政部门、基层医疗卫生机构、医务人员、软件供应商,次要利益相关者是公共卫生专业机构、财政部门、其他相关行政部门和第三方。通过分析,提出推进电子健康档案建设的对策建议。     

药品福利管理试点实施现状及利益相关方的态度分析——以安徽省芜湖市为例

目的:了解安徽省芜湖市药品福利管理(Pharmacy Benefit Management, PBM)试点的开展现状、运作方式、利益相关方对PBM的态度、PBM实施的初步效果及存在问题,为PBM在我国的发展提供实证经验。方法:本文定性资料来源于关键人物深度访谈及重点流程观察,定量资料来源于机构统计报表,采用主题框架法结合描述性分析对PBM模式进行探讨。结果:试点地区PBM模式主要在社区卫生服务中心开展。开展后,药品种类增加,门诊量提高一倍,广受参与患者好评,一定程度上慢病患者回流基层并推进了基本公共卫生服务的开展。但利益相关方对其态度不一,其发展受多种因素的影响。结论:PBM能够提升基层药品可及性,在一定程度上促进慢病管理和医药分开,但其长期效果还需要更多的随访研究。     

What determines health? To where should we shift resources? : Attitudes towards the determinants of health among multiple stakeholder groups in Prince Edward Island, Canada

The population health perspective has become significant in academic and policy discourse. The purpose of this paper is to assess its significance among health care practitioners and administrators as well as the general public. Respondents in Prince Edward Island, Canada were asked to rank the broad determinants of health and comment on to where resources should be shifted to improve the health of the population. Important variations are noted between the groups with family physicians and front-line staff being similar in perceptions to the general public on most determinants than other groups. The paper concludes with discussion on the relevance of the findings for population health research and health policy.     

Integration of stakeholder engagement from development to dissemination in genomic medicine research: Approaches and outcomes from the CSER Consortium

PurposeThere is a critical need for genomic medicine research that reflects and benefits socioeconomically and ancestrally diverse populations. However, disparities in research populations persist, highlighting that traditional study designs and materials may be insufficient or inaccessible to all groups. New approaches can be gained through collaborations with patient/community stakeholders. Although some benefits of stakeholder engagement are recognized, routine incorporation into the design and implementation of genomics research has yet to be realized.MethodsThe National Institutes of Health–funded Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research (CSER) consortium required stakeholder engagement as a dedicated project component. Each CSER project planned and carried out stakeholder engagement activities with differing goals and expected outcomes. Examples were curated from each project to highlight engagement strategies and outcomes throughout the research lifecycle from development through dissemination.ResultsProjects tailored strategies to individual study needs, logistical constraints, and other challenges. Lessons learned include starting early with engagement efforts across project stakeholder groups and planned flexibility to enable adaptations throughout the project lifecycle.ConclusionEach CSER project used more than 1 approach to engage with relevant stakeholders, resulting in numerous adaptations and tremendous value added throughout the full research lifecycle. Incorporation of community stakeholder insight improves the outcomes and relevance of genomic medicine research.     

概念图在证据转化与应用项目中的研究进展

如何识别利益相关者观点一直是证据转化与临床应用的重要议题,概念图为解决利益相关者相关研究问题提供了框架。该文介绍了概念图的概念、实施步骤及其在证据转化与应用项目中的应用方向,包括明确研究问题和需求,探索证据实施的障碍和促进因素,选择和剪裁实施策略,开发概念框架和测量工具等方面,总结了概念图的应用前景,以期促进概念图在国内证据转化研究中的应用。     

中医药核心指标集研究利益相关群体选择实施要点＊

核心指标集是通过一系列规范的研制过程，形成某种疾病所有相关临床研究必须报告的、统一的、标准化的最小指标集合。确定哪些指标为核心结局指标，需要经过不同利益相关群体层层筛选并最终达成共识决定。相关利益群体的代表性，决定了核心指标集的系统性和合理性。因此，在核心指标集研制过程中利益相关群体的选择至关重要。本文对中医药核心指标集研制中利益相关群体的种类选择、样本量、参与环节、权重分配以及患者代表群的特殊性等相关要点进行归纳总结，以期为中医药核心指标集研究的开展提供方法学借鉴。     

The views of people with a lived experience of deafness and the general public regarding genetic testing for deafness in the reproductive setting: A systematic review

PurposeGenes associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss are commonly included in reproductive carrier screening panels, which are now routinely offered in preconception and prenatal care in many countries. However, there is debate whether hearing loss should be considered a medical condition appropriate for screening. This systematic review assessed research on opinions of those with a lived experience of deafness and the general public regarding genetic testing for deafness in the reproductive setting.MethodsSearch of 5 online databases yielded 423 articles, 20 of which met inclusion criteria. We assessed the quality of each study, extracted data, and performed thematic analysis on qualitative studies.ResultsMost studies indicated interest in the use of prenatal diagnosis for deafness. However, there were mixed views, and sometimes strongly held views, expressed regarding the reproductive options that should be available to those with an increased chance of having a child with deafness. Studies were small, from a limited number of countries, and most were too old to include views regarding preimplantation genetic testing.ConclusionThere is a broad range of views regarding the use of reproductive options for deafness. Further research is essential to explore the benefits and harms of including nonsyndromic hearing loss genes in carrier screening.