浙江省台州市路桥区从业人员乙肝病毒标志物检测的调查分析

目的：了解路桥地区2004年至2006年之间,从业人员健康人群HBsAg、HBsAb的阳性率及大、小三阳所占的比例。方法：对32 490人来体检的健康人群进行乙肝三系二对半检测,采用酶联免疫法（ELISA）测定HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb,按不同性别、城区与乡镇之间、两年之间进行比较。结果：不同性别之间HBsAg、HBsAb的阳性率无显著性差异。城区与乡镇之间HBsAg、HBsAb阳性率有显著性差异。两年之间HBsAg的阳性率有下降趋势。大小三阳的比例在各组之间也各不相同。结论：健康人群的乙肝病毒携带率比例偏高,易感者多,相关部门应督促乙肝疫苗的注射,减少乙肝发病率。     

Effects of angle and laminectomy on triangulated pedicle screws

We aimed to demonstrate the effect of angle and laminectomy on paired pedicle screws to determine whether a 90 degrees screw angle is optimal as has been previously suggested. According to the angle between right and left screws, 28 calf vertebrae were divided into three groups and instrumented as follows: Group I: 60 degrees screw angle; Group II: 90 degrees angle; Group III: 60 degrees angle with laminectomy. The screws were connected using rods and cross-fixators and tested to peak pullout force. Triangulated pedicle screws provided 76.5% more pullout strength than single screws. Most of the specimens failed through loss of convergence angle (toggling of screws on the rods) and subsequent uni- or bilateral screw pullout. Mean+/-SD peak loads were: Group I: 2071+/-622 N; Group II: 1753+/-497 N; Group III: 2186+/-587 N. The differences were not significant (p>0.05). 90 degrees triangulation was not associated with a superior pullout performance versus conventional 60 degrees triangulation, suggesting that achieving additional triangulation angle is not necessary to obtain increased pullout strength. Laminectomy did not alter the effect of triangulation on fixation strength.     

Effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E on the biomechanical properties of rabbit bones

Summary It is generally agreed that combined deficiency of selenium and vitamin E leads to several abnormalities including Kashin-Beck disease which is an endemic and chronic degenerative osteoarthrosis. The abnormalities can be reversed by the administration of various forms of selenium and vitamin E.The present study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on bone tissue and on the biomechanical properties of bone. Young rabbits of both sexes were fed with either a selenium- and vitamin E-adequate diet (control group), or a selenium- and vitamin E-deficient diet or a selenium-excess diet. The selenium-deficient diet resulted in a significant decrease in plasma selenium level and the selenium-excess diet resulted in a significant increase in the plasma selenium level with respect to the corresponding control values (p<0.05). The diets did not affect the blood cell counts considerably but erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity increased (decreased) relatively when the plasma selenium level increased (decreased) (p<0.05). The light microscopic investigations of the bone tissues of the two experimental groups indicate that the findings of the present work are compatible with osteomalacia. The biomechanical properties of the bones from the three groups were determined experimentally with bending tests. Both the Se-and vitamin E-deficient diet and the Se-excess diet decreased the biomechanical strength of the bones significantly while the bones belonging to the control group always had the largest modulus of elasticity (p<0.05).     

Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9q22.3 in microdissected basal cell carcinomas around the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Testing Site, Kazakhstan

A high incidence of skin cancers has been noted around the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Testing Site (SNTS) in Kazakhstan. Recently, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) susceptibility genes, human homolog of the Drosophila pathed gene (PTCH), and the xeroderma pigmentosa group A-complementing gene (XPA), have been cloned and localized on chromosome 9q22.3. To clarify the effect of low-dose irradiation on the occurrence of BCC, we used microdissection and polymerase chain reaction to identify loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 9q22.3 using BCC samples obtained from this region. Ten Japanese samples were analyzed as controls. LOH with at least 1 marker was identified in 5 of 14 cases from around SNTS, whereas only 1 case with 1 marker was identified among the 10 Nagasaki cases. The total number of LOH alleles from SNTS (8 of 45) was significantly higher than the number from Nagasaki (1 of 26) (P = 0.03). The higher incidence of LOH on 9q22.3 in BCC from around SNTS suggests involvement of chronic low-dose irradiation by fallout from the test site as a factor in the cancers.     

1993～1996年新生入学体检乙型肝炎病毒标志物及肝功能检测结果分析

目的：调查新生五项乙型肝炎病毒标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）及肝功能的结果,达到控制乙肝传染的目的。方法：选用四届入学新生１４６２份血清,采用酶联免疫吸咐法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测五项ＨＢＶＭ,应用改良赖氏法,检测了肝功能。结果：ＨＢＶＭ阳性组合例数７０９例,占４８．５０％,乙肝病毒抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）阳性者１４９例,占１０．８８％。乙肝病毒抗体（ＨＢｓＡｂ）阳性占３０２例,占２０．６６％。丙氨酸转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）异常者５３例,占３．６３％。结论：新生乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染人数及ＨｓＡｇ携带者较多,对结果异常者应采取积极治疗和适当管理。ＨＢｓＡｂ阳性率逐年增高,结果提示,注射乙肝疫苗是防止乙肝传染的重要措施。     

四川省2003年HIV/AIDS监测检测结果分析

目的 :了解本省各类人群 HIV/ AIDS流行现状 ,为今后预防和控制艾滋病流行提供可靠的依据。方法 :对全省艾滋病哨点监测资料、各市、州监测报表、省疾病预防控制中心常规监测的血清流行病学及课题研究等资料进行分析。结果 :全省全年共检测各类人群 345 4 5 3人次 ,检出艾滋病病毒 (HIV)感染者 86 7例 ,检出率 2 5 .0 9/万 ,新发现 HIV感染者比去年同期增长了 6 4 .9% ,高于全国平均水平。感染人群仍以静脉吸毒为主 ,但 HIV的传播正逐渐向商业性工作者扩散 ,并已波及到孕产妇等人群。结论 :该省 HIV流行速率明显加快 ,控制吸毒、卖淫 ,提高各类人群的自我防范意识是减低艾滋病在该省流行的重要手段。     

Prev-DAF试剂盒分析线粒体基因1555A-G突变

目的建立应用标准试剂盒方法检测线粒体基因1555A-G(mtDNA1555A-G)突变的程序,进行母系遗传耳聋家系的基因型分析.方法采用Prev-DAF试剂盒分析14个母系遗传耳聋家系,共检测耳聋患者34个,正常个体11个,并以Alw26酶切和测序方法验证试剂盒检测的准确性.结果Prey-DAF试剂盒检测结果证实13个家系中33个耳聋患者携带有mtDNA1555A-G突变,另1个耳聋家系中的一名耳聋患者不携带此突变,11个正常个体中无此突变,试剂盒检测方法与Alw26I酶切法和测序结果完全吻合.结论在中国,mtDNA1555A-G氨基糖甙类抗生素致聋的家系多,分布广,Prev-DAF试剂盒在分析线粒体基因1555A-G突变方面具有简单、低耗、结果直观的特点,适合在中国用于进行此突变的大规模筛查或预防性检查.