Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of benperidol in schizophrenic patients after intravenous and two different kinds of oral application

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of benperidol were determined in 13 schizophrenic patients after acute administration of 6 mg benperidol as an intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection, orally as liquid, and orally as tablets using a partially randomized cross-over design. Drug plasma levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and subjected to model independent pharmacokinetic analyses. After i.v. dosing the geometric means (mean-g) were 3.2 min for the distribution half-life, 5.80 h for the elimination half-life (t _1/2), 4.21 l/kg for the distribution volume, 7.50 h for the mean residence time (MRT), and 0.50 l/(h*kg) for the clearance. After oral administration as liquid and as tablet mean-g data for the time lag until the first appearance of measurable plasma concentrations were 0.33 and 1.1 h, mean-g t _1/2 values were 5.5 and 4.7 h, respectively, mean-g t _max data were 1.0 h and 2.7 h, mean-g MRT values were 8.44 and 8.84 h, and mean-g C _max ^maxvalues were 10.2 and 7.3 ng/ml. Differences between liquid and tablet administration were statistically significant for time lag,t _max, andC _max. Mean-g absolute bioavailabilities were computed as 48.6% after liquid and 40.2% after tablet administration respectively. All parameters studied exhibited large intersubject variation. The plasma concentrations of the presumed metabolite reduced benperidol were found to be very low.     

Cytotoxic anti-lymphocyte antibody in schizophrenics

Summary An IgM antibody cytotoxic to normal human lymphocytes was found in 46.2% (male: 61.5%; female: 30.8%) of sera from chronic schizophrenics by means of a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test. The relationship between this antibody and the immunological manifestations of schizophrenia is discussed.     

瑶族汉族康复期精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的探讨粤北地区瑶族与汉族康复期精神分裂症患者的生活质量状况,为提高其生活质量提供依据。方法选取我院住院的瑶族康复期精神分裂症患者30例为研究组,汉族康复期精神分裂症患者30例为对照组。采用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）来评定患者的生活质量,并对可能影响生活质量的因素进行分析。结果研究组生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）的物质生活、躯体健康、心理健康、社会功能和总的生活质量维度评分均显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论粤北地区瑶族康复期精神分裂症患者的生活质量明显低于汉族,经济状况、生活环境、医疗服务、社会及家庭的支持系统是影响瑶族精神分裂症患者生活质量的主要因素。     

家庭干预对精神分裂症社区康复效果的对照研究

目的探索降低社区精神分裂症复发率,提高康复效果的有效途径.方法采用随机抽样法,对100例社区精神分裂症患者和家庭主要照料者进行三年的家访干预,并设104例未干预者对照.结果干预组患者的复发率和社会功能残疾程度逐年下降,与对照组比较差异具有高度显著性.干预组家庭主要照料者的CES-D总分和SAS总分逐年下降,与对照组的差异具有高度显著性.结论家庭干预是精神分裂症社区康复的有效方法之一.     

Prophylactic effect of neuroleptics in symptom-free schizophrenics: A comparative dose-response study of haloperidol and propericiazine

Remitted schizophrenic outpatients were treated in order to prevent relapse with three doses of haloperidol or propericiazine for 1 year in a double-blind controlled study employing a randomized design. The drug's ability to prevent relapse was evaluated by counting the number of symptom-free days for each patient before any sign of relapse or over-dose appeared. Patients were randomly assinged to the following drugs orally administered once per day at night: placebo; haloperidol 1 mg, 3 mg, and 6 mg; propericiazine 10 mg, 30 mg, and 60 mg. Serum prolactin levels in each patient were estimated by radioimmunoassay. All patients treated with placebo relapsed within 1 year and the relapse rate with placebo was significantly higher than with any dose of the two neuroleptics. Haloperidol increased the number of symptom-free days in a dose-dependent manner. Propericiazine at 10 mg and 30 mg also increased the number of symptom-free days dose-dependently but at 60 mg, the number decreased. It appears that propericiazine shows an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve. Prolactin levels were elevated dose-dependently by both drugs but failed to show a significant correlation with the number of symptom-free days. The present results indicate that haloperidol is superior to propericiazine from the viewpoint of the wider therapeutic window in maintenance treatment and antidopaminergic properties of neuroleptics, wherein it is important to prevent relapse even in remitted schizophrenics.     

齐拉西酮替换利培酮对女性精神分裂症患者催乳素水平影响的研究

目的：探讨齐拉西酮替换利培酮后对女性精神分裂症患者催乳素（PRL）水平的影响、疗效及安全性。方法：70例利培酮所致高催乳素血症的女性患者,随机分为齐拉西酮组34例,逐渐替换为齐拉西酮治疗6周 利培酮组36例,维持原剂量 于治疗前、中、后检测PRL,采用简明精神病量表（BPRS）、不良反应症状量表（TESS）对患者进行评定。结果：治疗第6周末,齐拉西酮组催乳素较基线明显下降且差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05） 利培酮组催乳素与基线比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组治疗末BPRS评分均有所下降,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组不良反应发生率相近,但齐拉西酮组出现月经紊乱或泌乳明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：齐拉西酮治疗利培酮所致女性精神分裂症患者高催乳素血症安全、有效。     

精神分裂症伴发代谢综合征患者下肢动脉的彩超研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症伴发代谢综合征患者的下肢动脉病变情况.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对50例精神分裂症伴发代谢综合征患者下肢动脉进行检查,并与30例健康志愿者对照,测量血管内径、收缩期最大流速、内中膜厚度、斑块大小及数目.结果 50例中,内中膜增厚大于1.1 mm者41例,有粥样斑块并引起不同程度狭窄者33例.股总动脉、股浅动脉、足背动脉的内膜明显厚于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05),斑块数明显多于对照组(P<0.01).结论 精神分裂症伴发代谢综合征患者下肢动脉发生了程度不等的病变,用彩色多普勒超声检测能明确精神分裂症伴发代谢综合征患者下肢动脉病变的部位和程度,对临床具有指导意义.     

临床路径在精神分裂症病人健康教育中应用研究

目的研究临床路径应用于精神分裂症病人健康教育的实施效果,保证病人得到及时有效的健康教育。方法借鉴国外应用临床路径对病人实施整体护理的做法,对精神分裂症病人进行健康教育。将2005年3月~10月160例住院病人随机分成2组,实验组采用临床路径进行健康教育,对照组采用传统方法进行健康教育,将2组的护理效果进行对比。结果实验组接受健康教育后,病人对健康知识掌握、护理工作的满意度明显优于对照组,住院天数比对照组缩短。结论应用临床路径对精神分裂症病人进行健康教育管理,能掌握健康教育知识,缩短住院时间,提高病人及家属的满意度,可以在我国推广应用。     

精神分裂症患者社会功能缺陷及护理对策

对100例出院精神分裂症患者进行评定和调查，结果有53％的患者SDSS总分≥2，提示存在社会功能缺陷。相关因素分析提承：社会功能缺陷与患者年龄、出院疗效、文化水平、社会心理因素、服药依从性、康复信心、工作安排、家庭人均月收入呈正相关。作者认为应从加强患者的心理护理，开展家庭教育、帮助获得社会支持三方面采取护理对策，减轻社会功能的缺损和促进社会功能的恢复。     

Reduction of schizophrenic deficits by cognitive training: An evaluative study

Summary The significance of training programmes was assessed in reducing cognitive deficits in schizophrenics. In a controlled clinical trial, which included 15 experimental and 15 comparison subjects, training was shown to be effective with regard to more complex cognitive functions rather than on an elementary level. Results are discussed with regard to theoretical and practical implications.