农村地区高血压危险因素的病例对照研究

对四川省农村地区218例原发性高血压(其中包括109例临界高血压)进行配对(1:2)病例对照研究。资料分析采用了条件Logistic回归分析方法。研究结果提示心率、高血压家族史、环境噪声、体重指数(QI)等综合因素与临界高血压和确诊高血压均有显著的联系。心率、体重指数(QI)以及高血压家族史是原发性高血压较稳定的影响因素,心率可作为研究血压的必测指标。环境因素对原发性高血压的影响不可忽视。原发性高血压是遗传因素、环境因素等综合作用的结果。     

慢性胃炎脾气虚证与脾胃湿热证的差异表达基因比较

目的：比较慢性胃炎脾气虚证与脾胃湿热证患者差异表达基因。方法:分别提取慢性胃炎脾气虚和脾胃湿热患者胃黏膜组织RNA各4例，逆转录荧光探针标记后杂交制作BiostarH-140 s基因芯片。采用荧光值ratio、生物信息学、t检验等方法分析结果，实时荧光定量PCR检测部分相关基因。结果:获得差异表达基因245条，主要为营养物质消化吸收运输、物质能量合成代谢、细胞周期增殖分化、免疫反应等相关基因；有显著意义的差异表达基因77条；实时定量PCR检测10条基因，6条与芯片结果一致。结论:慢性胃炎脾气虚和脾胃湿热2个证型基因表达存在明显差异，提示中医的临床辨证分型与基因差异表达有一定关系。     

试从小儿阳气特点探讨通阳法的应用

通过对小儿阳气特点的探讨,认为小儿阳多阴少乃是小儿生长发育过程中的需要,而阳气郁遏往往成为小儿疾患常见的原因,通阳法通过使郁遏之阳气得以舒展、畅通,宣泄、从而达到阳通阴和,重新获得阴阳平衡的目的。     

糖尿病视网膜病变患者的中医证候与图形视觉诱发电位的关系

[目的]探讨糖尿病视网膜病变（简称糖网症,DR）的中医辨证分型及其与图形视觉诱发电位（P-VEP）的关系。[方法]对临床资料完整的104例186眼,按中医辨证分组,分别以不同的空间频率（0.388Hz,1.55Hz)、不同颜色图象组合（黑/白、红/洋红、蓝/青）作刺激条件,检测在100ms检测点上的P-VEP（P100）的潜时（t)和波幅（V）并与正常组作对照。[结果]104例186眼中,气阴两虚型有103眼,以单纯性糖网症为主;而气滞血瘀型及阴阳两虚型各有47眼和36眼,均以增殖性糖网症为主,糖网症无论中医辨证分属哪种证候,其P100潜时均延长,波幅均下降,其中以气滞血瘀的潜时延长最为突出,阴阳两虚组的波幅下降最明显,而气阴两虚组的潜时和波幅改变最小。[结论]不同中医证候的糖尿病视网膜病变患者的P-VEP的差异有显著性意义。因此,可以认为不同刺激条件的图形视觉诱发电位的检测,有可能为糖尿病视网膜病变的中医辨证分型提供客观指标。     

肾复康治疗肾病综合征的临床研究

为观察肾复康（由雷公藤、黄芪、三七、益母草、山茱萸、茵陈等中药组成）对原发性肾病综合征的临床疗效、副作用,采用前瞻性随机对照方法,观察肾复康对肾病综合征患者（７０例）２４ｈ尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、胆固醇、肌酐和尿素氮等的影响,以及不同中医证型疗效的差别,并与３０例雷公藤多甙对照组进行比较。结果：肾复康组完全缓解１６例（１４．３％）吸效２８例（４０％）,无效１６例（３６．７％）,总有效率为７７．１％     

中药脑栓康治疗急性缺血性中风气虚血瘀证的临床试验

为客观评价益气活血化瘀复方脑栓康（ 由黄芪、水蛭、葛根等中药组成） 治疗急性缺血性中风（ 脑血栓形成） 气虚血瘀证的临床疗效, 采用随机双盲对照临床试验, 将１１１ 例急性缺血性中风（ 脑血栓形成）气虚血瘀证患者随机分为两组。试验组５６ 例接受脑栓康和基础治疗, 安慰剂组５５ 例接受安慰剂和基础治疗。基础治疗包括西药脱水药（ 甘露醇和／ 或速尿） 、支持疗法, 不用抗凝及扩血管药。疗程为４ 周。结果：①试验组和安慰剂组显著进步分别为２４ ．０８％ 、５．７７ ％ , 进步分别为７２ ．２２ ％ 、８８ ．４６％ , 无效分别为３ ．７０ ％ 、５ ．７７％ , 总有效率分别为９６ ．３０ ％ 、９４．２３ ％ 。两组总疗效差异有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ; 两组预期治疗（ｉｎｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ－ｔｏ－ｔｒｅａｔ） 的组间比较, 总疗效差异也有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） , 提示试验组疗效优于安慰剂组。②试验组对急性缺血性中风气虚血瘀证症状的改善比安慰剂组好（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。③未发现脑栓康的不良反应。结果表明： 脑栓康是一种治疗急性缺血性中风（ 脑血栓形成） 气虚血瘀证的安全、有效的药物, 值得进一步研究和开发     

On the diagnosis of learning disabilities in the Austrian school system: Official directions and the diagnostic process in practice in Styria/Austria

There is no international consensus concerning the diagnostic criteria used to diagnose a learning disability (LD). In fact, various diagnostic criteria are used and interpreted differently in different countries. A common denominator can only be found in the fact that intelligence quotient (IQ) is often seen as important in order to identify LD, either in the framework of discrepancy models between cognitive ability and achievement or in the context of models relating LD to below-average IQ (Grünke, 2004). The present paper examines the criteria that are used for the diagnosis of LD in Styria, a federal state of Austria. For this purpose, 25 special educational needs (SEN) reports of children identified as having learning disabilities were examined. In addition, three expert interviews with school administration authorities were conducted. The results provide a first indication that IQ scores are not important for the diagnosis of LD in Styria. In fact, the diagnostic procedure seems to be quite unregulated and standardized tests are hardly ever used in this context. Moreover, the results show that a diagnosis of LD in Styria is usually based on poor reading skills, poor basic arithmetic skills, deficits in German language, and/or behavioral problems.     

Key Characteristics of Rehabilitation Quality Improvement Publications: Scoping Review From 2010 to 2016

Objective

To characterize the peer-reviewed quality improvement (QI) literature in rehabilitation.

Radiation Dose Benchmarks During Cardiac Catheterization for Congenital Heart Disease in the United States

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to define age-stratified, procedure-specific benchmark radiation dose levels during interventional catheterization for congenital heart disease.BackgroundThere is a paucity of published literature with regard to radiation dose levels during catheterization for congenital heart disease. Obtaining benchmark radiation data is essential for assessing the impact of quality improvement initiatives for radiation safety.MethodsData were obtained retrospectively from 7 laboratories participating in the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes collaborative. Total air kerma, dose area product, and total fluoroscopy time were obtained for the following procedures: 1) patent ductus arteriosus closure; 2) atrial septal defect closure; 3) pulmonary valvuloplasty; 4) aortic valvuloplasty; 5) treatment of coarctation of aorta; and 6) transcatheter pulmonary valve placement.ResultsBetween January 2009 and July 2013, 2,713 cases were identified. Radiation dose benchmarks are presented including median, 75th percentile, and 95th percentile. Radiation doses varied widely between age groups and procedure types. Radiation exposure was lowest in patent ductus arteriosus closure and highest in transcatheter pulmonary valve placement. Total fluoroscopy time was a poor marker of radiation exposure and did not correlate well with total air kerma and dose area product.ConclusionsThis study presents age-stratified radiation dose values for 6 common congenital heart interventional catheterization procedures. Fluoroscopy time alone is not an adequate measure for monitoring radiation exposure. These values will be used as baseline for measuring the effectiveness of future quality improvement activities by the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes collaborative.     

How willing are dentists to treat young children?: A survey of dentists affiliated with Medicaid managed care in New York City, 2010

BackgroundDespite recommendations for children to have a dental visit by the age of 1 year, access to dental care for young children, including children enrolled in Medicaid, remains limited. The authors conducted a survey to assess the availability of dentists to see young children enrolled in Medicaid managed care (MMC) in New York City (NYC), to determine barriers to the provision of dental care to young children and, within the context of MMC, to identify strategies to facilitate the delivery of dental care to children.MethodsThe authors mailed a survey to assess the provision of dental services to young children and perceived barriers and facilitators to 2,311 general dentists (GDs) and 140 pediatric dentists (PDs) affiliated with NYC MMC. A total of 1,127 surveys (46 percent) were received. The authors analyzed the responses according to provider type, youngest aged child seen, provider’s ability to see additional children and practice location. The authors compared responses by using the χ² test.ResultsFewer than one-half (47 percent) of GDs saw children aged 0 through 2 years. Provider type, years in practice and percentage of Medicaid-insured patients were associated significantly (P χ .005) with youngest age of child seen. Among respondents seeing children aged 0 through 2 years, PDs were significantly more likely to provide preventive therapy (P = .004) and restorative treatment (P χ .001). Additional training and access to consulting PDs were identified by GDs as potential facilitators to seeing young children.ConclusionA high proportion of NYC GDs affiliated with MMC do not see young children.Practice ImplicationsNinety-four percent of NYC MMC– affiliated dentists are GDs, but 53 percent of GD respondents did not see children aged 0 through 2 years in their practices. Improving access to dental care for young children requires changes in GDs’ practices, possibly by means of additional training and access to consulting PDs.