SRY基因突变和性腺肿瘤发生的研究Ⅰ．家族性46，XY女性SRY基因检测

近年证明ＳＲＹ男性性基因是性别决定关键。ＳＲＹ突变能引起男性性异常。４６，ＸＹ性腺发育不全（或ＸＹ女性）系ＳＲＹ基因突变所致，并有高发性腺肿瘤特点。ＳＲＹ突变有多种类型；本研究检测一家庭集聚性ＸＹ女性高发肿瘤成员有个ＳＲＹ基因缺失。结合细胞遗传学和病理学检查结果，对ＸＹ女性性腺癌变机理提出了推测。     

Supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) in Turner syndrome are mostly derived from the Y chromosome

DNA and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis were carried out in 12 patients with stigmata of Turner syndrome to determine whether the Supernumerary M arker C hromosome (SMC) found cytogenetically in each of these patients was derived from the Y chromosome. The presence of a Y chromosome in these patients may predispose them to develop gonadoblastoma. PCR-Southern blot analysis, followed by FISH, was used to detect the presence of Y chromosome material. The S ex determining R egion Y (SRY), T estis S pecific P rotein Y -encoded (TSPY) and Y -chromosome R NA R ecognition M otif (YRRM) genes, which map at Yp11.31, Yp11.1–11.2 and Yp11.2/Yq11.21–11.23, respectively, were selected as markers, because they span the whole Y chromosome, and more importantly, they are considered to be involved in the development of gonadoblastoma. It was shown that in 12 patients, all of whom had an SMC, the SMC of 11 was derived from the Y chromosome. Furthermore, the presence of the SRY, TSPY and YRRM gene sequences was determined and FISH analysis confirmed the Y origin of the SMCs. The methodology described in this report is a rapid, reliable and sensitive approach which may be easily applied to determine the Y origin of an SMC carried in Turner syndrome. The identification of an SMC is important for the clinical management and prognostic counseling of these patients with Turner syndrome.     

50例性分化发育不良患者的SRY基因分析

目的探讨性分化发育不良患者SRY基因的作用及其临床意义.方法选择在我院遗传室咨询的性分化发育不良患者50例,在染色体核型分析的基础上,应用聚合酶链(PCR)技术对每例患者检测SRY基因,应用DNA序列分析技术对6例性染色体XX或XY而SRY( )的女性患者和2例染色体为46,XY、SRY( )睾丸发育不良的男性患者,进行了SRY基因序列分析.结果 (1)1例46,XX女性SRY( ),1例46,XX男性SRY(-),1例46,XX/46,XY女性和1例核型为47,XXY男性SRY( ),在46,XY患者中女性11例,男性6例SRY( ).(2)1例46,XX女性SRY基因存在点突变,1例46,XY女性患者SRY基因序列存在点突变和移码突变.结论对性分化发育不良患者进行SRY检测及其基因分析,不仅有利于为该类患者寻找病因,而且有利于指导治疗.     

XX true hermaphroditism in Southern African Blacks: Exclusion of SRY sequences and uniparental disomy of the X chromosome

A molecular investigation of 16 Bantu-speaking Black XX true hermaphrodites was undertaken in an attempt to determine the cause of the disorder. Y-specific sequences, including sequences mapping to the sexdetermining region of the Y, were shown to be absent from lymphocyte tissue of all 16 patients tested. Y chromosome sequences were also absent from the ovarian and testicular components of both ovotestes of a single XX true hermaphrodite, thus excluding gonadal mosaicism involving Y chromosome sequences. Since there is evidence for Xp genes involved in testis determination/differentiation, uniparental disomy of the X chromosome was investigated in 14 XXTH families. Uniparental disomy was excluded in 12 of the 14 families, and isodisomy was excluded in the remaining two cases. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The role of sexual related Y gene detection in the diagnosis of patients with gonadal dysgenesis

Objective To clarify the role of sexual related Y (SRY) gene detection in the diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis.Methods Sixteen cases of gonadal dysgenesis were included in this study: 5 with androgen insensitivity syndrome, 1 with 17-α-hydroxylase deficiency, 4 with true herm aphrodite, 2 with 45,X/46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, 1 with 45,X gonadal dysgenesis, 1 with XY pure gonadal dysgenesis, 1 with testicular regression, and 1 XY fema le who gave birth to a normal baby. SRY gene was detected by using polymerase c hain reaction (PCR) in blood and gonad samples and by direct sequencing of the S RY motif. Results Among the 16 cases, 15 were blood SRY positive, among which 13 (86.7%) showed t he presence of testicular tissue, and 2 showed ovaries without testicular tissue . One SRY negative case showed the presence of testicular tissue. In 3 cases, SRY detection in gonadal tissue correlated with pathological findings but not wi th blood karyotype. The correlation between peripheral blood SRY and the pathol ogy of the gonads was 81.25% and the correlation between the presence of periph eral blood Y chromosome and pathology of the gonads was 68.75%. Sequencing of the SRY motif in an XY female who gave birth to a normal baby showed no mutatio n.Conclusions SRY detection is more sensitive and specific than blood karyotype in the predic tion of the presence of testicular tissue. Peripheral blood karyotype does not necessarily reflect gonadal type. There may be testicular related factors other than the SRY gene.     

先天性尿道下裂患者SRY基因的检测

对４２例先天性尿道下裂患者外周血白细胞,采取ＰＣＲ方法,进行ＳＲＹ基因的检测。结果发现２例先天性尿道下裂患者ＳＲＹ基因缺失。我们认为先天性尿道下裂是一种性别发育异常综合症。尿道的缺失只是其性腺发育不全的表现之一;ＳＲＹ砂是决定性别的基因,ＳＲＹ基因的缺失或突变可能导致性发育一系列异常改变,ＳＲＹ基因是性别的主导基因。     

Comparison of morphological and molecular genetic sex-typing on mediaeval human skeletal remains

Archaeological excavations conducted at an early mediaeval cemetery in Volders (Tyrol, Austria) produced 141 complete skeletal remains dated between the 5th/6th and 12th/13th centuries. These skeletons represent one of the largest historical series of human remains ever discovered in the East Alpine region. Little historical information is available for this region and time period. The good state of preservation of these bioarchaeological finds offered the opportunity of performing molecular genetic investigations. Adequate DNA extraction methods were tested in the attempt to obtain as high DNA yields as possible for further analyses. Molecular genetic sex-typing using a dedicated PCR multiplex (“Genderplex”) gave interpretable results in 88 remains, 78 of which had previously been sexed based on morphological features. We observed a discrepancy in sex determination between the two methods in 21 cases. An unbiased follow-up morphological examination of these finds showed congruence with the DNA results in all but five samples.     

两例Y染色体部分缺失胎儿的产前诊断

目的对两例Y染色体部分缺失胎儿进行产前诊断。方法采用常规G显带及C显带技术分析胎儿及父亲的核型,采用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)、染色体拷贝数变异检测技术(copy number varaition sequencing,CNV-seq)性别决定基因(sex region of Y chromosome,SRY)检测技术及无精子因子(azoospermia factor,AZF)检测技术检测胎儿DNAO结果2例胎儿羊水染色体在320〜400条带水平均提示46,XN,del(Y)(qll.2),Y染色体着丝粒探针FISH检测结果均提示Y染色体数目未见异常。2例胎儿父亲外周血染色体核型均未见明显异常。胎儿羊水DNA拷贝数检测提示一例胎儿Y染色体q 11.221-ql2处缺失12.88 Mb,涉及全部AZFb+AZFc区域;另一例胎儿Y染色体qll.21-ql2处缺失14.84 Mb,涉及全部AZF区域。2例胎儿羊水SRY基因检测提示SRY基因阳性,SKY基因编码区未检测到已报道的致病点突变。2例胎儿基因检测提示存在AZF部分或全部缺失。结论联合多种技术有助于明确诊断Y染色体结构异常。CNV-seq检测有利于快速筛查胎儿Y染色体微缺失,可做为对染色体核型分析的补充和验证的方法。     

性发育异常患者的染色体核型、SRY基因及其序列分析

目的观察性发育异常患者的染色体核型、性别决定基因（SRY基因）表达及其序列变化。方法采用G显带方法分析29例性发育异常患者的性染色体核型,用PCR技术扩增其SRY基因,并对其中6例两性畸形患者扩增的SRY基因进行测序。结果 6例两性畸形患者中2例染色体核型为45,X/46,XY,3例为46,XY,其SRY基因阳性,直接测序未发现SRY基因突变;1例核型为46,XX,SRY基因阴性。16例Klinefelter综合征患者染色体核型为47,XXY,1例Klinefelter综合征患者染色体核型为46,XY/47,XXY,其SRY基因均阳性;6例Kallman综合征患者染色体核型为46,XY,其SRY基因均阳性。结论大部分性发育异常患者的染色体核型异常;SRY基因阳性两性畸形患者的SRY基因序列未见异常。