Biodegradable versus titanium osteosynthesis in maxillofacial traumatology: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Titanium osteosynthesis is currently the fixation system of choice in maxillofacial traumatology. Biodegradable osteosynthesis systems have the ability to degrade in the human body. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review, with meta- and trial sequential analyses, to assess the efficacy and morbidity of biodegradable versus titanium osteosynthesis after maxillofacial trauma. MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective and retrospective controlled studies. Five time periods were studied: perioperative, short-term (0–4 weeks), intermediate (6–12 weeks), long-term (>12 weeks), and overall follow-up. After screening 3542 records, 24 were included. All had a high risk of performance and detection bias due to the nature of the interventions. Meta-analysis showed no differences in efficacy or morbidity between biodegradable and titanium osteosynthesis. The risk of perioperative screw breakage was significantly higher (risk ratio 17.13, 95% confidence interval 2.19–34.18) and the symptomatic plate removal rate lower in the biodegradable group (risk ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.57), which was confirmed by the trial sequential analysis. The quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Based on the narrative review and meta-analyses, current evidence shows that biodegradable osteosynthesis is a viable alternative to titanium osteosynthesis when applied in the treatment of maxillofacial trauma, with similar efficacy but significantly lower symptomatic plate removal rates. Perioperative screw breakage occurred significantly more often in the biodegradable group compared to the titanium group.     

The use of cadaver models to diagnose rib fractures: A pilot study

Background

In the emergency department, rib fractures are a common finding in patients who sustain chest trauma. Rib fractures may be a sign of significant, underlying pathology, especially in the elderly patients where rib fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To date, no studies have evaluated the ability of ultrasound to detect rib fractures using cadaver models and subsequently use this model as a teaching tool.

镍钛形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折

目的探讨治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折的理想内固定方法.方法 2001年8月～2004年4月,采用镍钛形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗24例桡骨近端1/3骨折.其中男19例,女5例.年龄16～48岁.摔伤9例,压砸伤5例,交通事故伤4例,直接暴力撞击伤3例,高处坠落伤3例.按照形状记忆合金环抱接骨板的安装方法进行骨折复位内固定.术后定期随访,观察骨折愈合及功能恢复情况.结果所有患者均获随访4～21个月,平均10个月.均无术中、术后并发症,切口Ⅰ期愈合;X 线片示骨折均于术后8～12周临床愈合,根据Anderson疗效标准,功能恢复优18例,良5例,可1例,优良率95.83%.结论应用镍钛形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折具有创伤小、操作简便安全、固定可靠、组织相容性好、并发症少等优点,有利于促进骨折愈合和肘、腕关节功能康复,是一种治疗桡骨近端1/3骨折的较好方法.     

Specific selection of osteosynthetic material in the treatment of thoracic or lumbar spinal injuries by the posterior approach

Summary The authors report 165 cases of thoraco-lumbar lesions with neurological dysfunction. All the patient were operated. They analyze the neurological and mechanical results and indicate the use of different osteosynthesis apparatus according to the type and level of lesions.Harrington's rods seem to give more precise repositioning while Roy Camille's plates give more stability. When the posterior wall of the spinal canal is intact, Kempf's compression rods can be used.Thoraxic spine injuries seem to be an indication for Harrington's rods, while lumbar injuries seem to call for Camille's plates.     

微型钢板与克氏针治疗掌指骨骨折的疗效对比分析

目的：探讨应用微型钢板及克氏针治疗各种掌指骨骨折的不同疗效。方法：47例（62处）掌指骨骨折。其中开放性骨折19例（24处），闭合性骨折28例（38处），合并严重软组织损伤或肌腱损伤10例（13处）。分为微型钢板固定组27例（34处）及克氏针组20例（28处）。采取伤口清创，微型解剖钢板螺丝钉系统内固定术及克氏针治疗。对比其疗效。结果：全部病例骨性愈合，以TAM为评定标准，微型钢板组中优为20例，良10例，优良率为88．2％。克氏针组中优为12例，良7例，优良率为67．8％。结论：在掌握好适应证的前提下，使用微型钢板切开复位内固定治疗各种类型的掌指骨骨折术后骨折愈合时间、关节功能的恢复程度及伤口感染情况明显优于克氏针组。     

加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床与实验研究

探讨加压滑动鹅头钉在治疗股骨转子间骨折中的作用。临床应用４５例。男３４例，女１１例。平均年龄６１岁。稳定型１３例，不稳定型３２例。经临床应用和生物力学实验测定，结果表明：（１）对不稳定型转子间骨折，恢复小转子区内后侧皮质骨的连续性在骨折的稳定中具有重要作用。（２）内后侧骨折块解剖复位，加压螺丝钉固定或大转子骨折端加压螺丝钉固定能显著增强加压滑动鹅头钉的固定作用，明显提高不稳定型转子间骨折的术后稳定性。（３）该装置设计合理，性能坚固，对转子间骨折具有很强的固定作用，能有效地达到早期下床和避免长期卧床的目的，是目前临床最理想的内固定装置。     

镍钛记忆合金锁骨钩环抱器治疗新鲜重度肩锁关节脱位

目的 评估镍钛记忆合金锁骨钩环抱器治疗新鲜重度肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法 选择16例新鲜重度肩锁关节脱位患者，其中3例合并锁骨远端骨折，应用镍钛记忆合金锁骨钩环抱器治疗并进行临床疗效观察。随访6～12个月，平均7.6个月。结果 所有患者肩关节肌肉无萎缩，外观正常，肩关节活动范围正常，x线片示无再脱位征象。采用Karlsson术后疗效分级：A级15例，B级1例。结论 镍钛记忆合金锁骨钩环抱器治疗新鲜重度肩锁关节脱位创伤小，简便易行，疗效好，对合并锁骨远端骨折病人更具有独特优点，具有临床推广应用价值。     

颞浅筋膜瓣包裹高密度聚乙烯-肋软骨复合支架一期耳廓再造术

目的探寻耳廓再造的良好手术方法。方法将高密度聚乙烯耳基架与肋软骨外耳轮形成复合支架，支架采用颞浅筋膜瓣包裹，颞浅筋膜瓣的表面采用邻近皮瓣和皮片覆盖，完成耳廓再造。结果自2000年1月至2003年8月利用该方法对8例先天性小耳进行耳廓再造术效果良好。结论通过该方法行耳廓再造，具备良好的外形和一定的弹性，外观逼真，手感良好。