Efficacy and Feasibility of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background

Refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) includes AML includes failure of disease to respond to standard induction chemotherapy, relapse within 6 months after first CR, and 2 or more relapses. The outcome of these patients is usually very poor; only a small proportion can be rescued by allogenic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of allo-HSCT in patients with refractory AML.

女性难治性膀胱过度活动症患者心理弹性及保护性因素研究

目的探讨女性难治性膀胱过度活动症患者心理弹性状况及保护性因素，为改善其身心健康提供依据。方法采用心理弹性量表、症状自评量表、艾森克人格问卷、社会支持量表、焦虑及抑郁量表对80例女性难治性膀胱过度活动症患者进行问卷调查。结果女性难治性膀胱过度活动症患者心理弹性得分为（54.10±8.27）分，显著低于国内常模（P＜0.05）。患者的一般情况（病程、年龄、文化程度）对心理弹性的预测作用不明显（R2=0.14，F=18.10），当社会支持、SCL-90、人格特质、SAS、SDS进入方程后，对患者的心理弹性具有较明显的预测作用（R2=0.67，△R2=0.46，F=115.22）。结论女性难治性膀胱过度活动症患者心理弹性较差，社会支持、SCL-90、人格特质、焦虑抑郁情绪是其重要的影响因素，应重视患者存在的心理问题，发掘心理弹性的保护性因素并积极干预，促进其身心健康。     

Enhanced antitumour activity of doxorubicin and simvastatin combination loaded nanoemulsion treatment against a Swiss albino mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most commonly used anticancer drug; however, it has limited use because prolonged administration may result in severe cardiotoxicity. Simvastatin (SIM), generally prescribed for hypercholesterolaemia, has also shown salubrious results in the monotherapy or combinational drug therapy of different cancers in various models. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems are a novel way of improving therapeutics and also improving the absorption and specificity of drugs towards tumour cells. In this study, we exploited this technology to increase drug specificity and minimize imminent adverse effects. In this study, the antitumour activity of the combination formulas of DOX and SIM, either loaded in water (DOX‐SIM‐Solution) or nanoemulsions (NEs) (DOX‐SIM‐NE), was evaluated in a Swiss albino mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The anticancer effect was assessed by quantifying the change in body weight, mean survival time, and percent increase in lifespan (%ILS), determining haematological and serum biochemical parameters (liver function test, kidney function test and lipid profile parameters) as well as studying the histopathological alterations in liver tissues. We observed a clear increase in %ILS of the DOX‐SIM‐Solution group (265.30) that was double the %ILS of the DOX‐SIM‐NE group (134.70). However, DOX‐SIM‐NE had a non‐toxic effect on the haematological parameters, whereas DOX‐SIM‐Solution increased the levels of haemoglobin and lymphocytes. Furthermore, the encapsulation of SIM and DOX into NEs improved the levels of all serum biochemical parameters compared to the DOX‐SIM‐Solution. A reduction in the side effects of DOX‐SIM‐NE on the liver was also established using light microscopy, which revealed that the morphologies of the hepatocytes of the mice were less affected by administration of the DOX‐SIM‐NE treatment than with the DOX‐SIM‐Solution treatment. The study showed that incorporating SIM into the DOX‐loaded‐NE formulation remarkably improved its efficiency and simultaneously reduced its adverse effects.     

Simultaneously recorded intracranial and scalp high frequency oscillations help identify patients with poor postsurgical seizure outcome

ObjectiveHigh frequency oscillations (HFO) between 80–500 Hz are markers of epileptic areas in intracranial and maybe also scalp EEG. We investigate simultaneous recordings of scalp and intracranial EEG and hypothesize that scalp HFOs provide important additional clinical information in the presurgical setting.MethodsSpikes and HFOs were visually identified in all intracranial scalp EEG channels. Analysis of correlation of event location between intracranial and scalp EEG as well as relationship between events and the SOZ and zone of surgical removal was performed.Results24 patients could be included, 23 showed spikes and 19 HFOs on scalp recordings. In 15/19 patients highest scalp HFO rate was located over the implantation side, with 13 patients having the highest scalp and intracranial HFO rate over the same region. 17 patients underwent surgery, 7 became seizure free. Patients with poor post-operative outcome showed significantly more regions with HFO than those with seizure free outcome.ConclusionsScalp HFOs are mostly located over the SOZ. Widespread scalp HFOs are indicative of a larger epileptic network and associated with poor postsurgical outcome.SignificanceAnalysis of scalp HFO add clinically important information about the extent of epileptic areas during presurgical simultaneous scalp and intracranial EEG recordings.     

难治性胃食管反流病临证研究

难治性胃食管反流病是临床疑难病,症状反复,缠绵难愈,治疗棘手。中医药治疗“反酸”“吞酸”证历久源远,充分挖掘古籍,深研病机,提炼治法,发挥中医药特色,对治疗本病意义深远。     

针刺辅助治疗难治性肠易激综合征临床试验方案关键点设计的思考＊

肠易激综合征（Irritable bowel syndrome，IBS）是临床常见病、多发病，其治疗方法丰富，但部分患者疗效欠佳，发展成难治性IBS。目前国内外关于针灸治疗难治性IBS的临床随机对照试验尚不多见。本文立足试验方案设计的“PICOS”原则，从研究对象及诊断标准、干预措施、对照措施、结局指标四个方面入手，重点探讨针刺辅助治疗难治性肠易激综合征临床试验设计的关键要点。从选择特色优势病种、明确诊断标准、制定符合临床实际的干预方案、运用符合目标的安慰针刺、结合研究设计和目的选定结局指标几个角度，阐述试验相关环节设计的原因和思考。     

老年难治性胃食管反流病患者食管动力学特征和反流特点分析

目的 分析老年难治性胃食管反流病（rGERD）患者食管动力学特征和反流特点。方法 以我院2017 年2 月～2019 年12 月收治的100 例rGERD 患者为观察对象。按照年龄分为老年组（年龄≥60 岁）42 例和非老年组（年龄＜60 岁）58 例。比较两组基线资料、临床表现特征、食管动力学特征、反流特点。结果 老年组与非老年组在性别、BMI 指数、吸烟及饮酒方面比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。老年组胸痛、上腹部不适及慢性咳嗽发生率均高于非老年组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。老年组LESP 及LEPP 水平均低于非老年组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。老年组酸反流、弱酸反流、非酸反流、气体反流、气液混合反流次数均高于非老年组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 老年rGERD 患者存在明显的食管动力学异常，且该类患者的反流主要是弱酸反流、非酸反流、气体反流、气液混合反流。     

Refractory Ascites After Liver Transplantation: An Analysis of 1058 Liver Transplant Patients at a Single Center

A retrospective study of 1058 liver transplant recipients was performed to determine: (i) the incidence, etiology, timing, clinical features and treatment of refractory ascites (RA), (ii) risk factors for RA development, (iii) predictors of RA disappearance, (iv) predictors of survival following RA and (v) the impact of RA on patient survival. Sixty-two patients (5.9%) developed RA and its disappearance occurred in 27/62 cases. Patients having hepatitis C virus (HCV) had a significantly higher hazard rate of developing RA (p < 0.00001). No other baseline characteristic was associated with RA. Cox stepwise regression analysis of the hazard rate of RA disappearance found two significant factors: HCV recurrence as the reason for developing RA implied a poorer outcome (p = 0.006), whereas an unknown reason implied a favorable outcome (p = 0.02). In addition, survival following RA was significantly poorer among patients having bacterial peritonitis or HCV recurrence. Finally, the mortality rate was significantly (nearly 8.6 times) higher in patients following RA development while it was ongoing (p < 0.00001); however, if the RA disappeared, then the additional risk of death also disappeared. This study illustrates the importance of developing an optimal treatment strategy to (i) effectively treat RA if it develops and (ii) prevent hepatitis C recurrence.     

苦碟子抗肿瘤作用的实验性研究

目的 研究苦碟子对动物移植性肿瘤的作用。方法 以小鼠移植性肉瘤180（S180)和艾氏腹水瘤（EAC）为模型，观察苦碟子的抗肿瘤作用，并分别计算出抑瘤率和生命延长率。结果 不同剂量的苦碟子对小鼠肉瘤S180的抑制率分别为39．86％，38．14％和35．73％（与对照组相比差异有显著性，P＜0．01），苦碟子也能延长荷艾氏腹水瘤（EAC）小鼠的存活期，生命的延长率分别为41．27％、29．79％和17．88％（高剂量组和中等剂量组与对照组相比差异有显著性，P＜0．01）。结论 苦碟子在动物体内可能具有抗肿瘤作用，可作为一种有前途的抗肿瘤药物进行研究。