全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1561篇 |
免费 | 100篇 |
国内免费 | 39篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 4篇 |
儿科学 | 1篇 |
妇产科学 | 10篇 |
基础医学 | 220篇 |
口腔科学 | 113篇 |
临床医学 | 49篇 |
内科学 | 219篇 |
皮肤病学 | 66篇 |
神经病学 | 55篇 |
特种医学 | 59篇 |
外科学 | 100篇 |
综合类 | 163篇 |
预防医学 | 50篇 |
眼科学 | 29篇 |
药学 | 417篇 |
中国医学 | 103篇 |
肿瘤学 | 42篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 87篇 |
2021年 | 113篇 |
2020年 | 41篇 |
2019年 | 51篇 |
2018年 | 50篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 54篇 |
2015年 | 62篇 |
2014年 | 88篇 |
2013年 | 83篇 |
2012年 | 69篇 |
2011年 | 101篇 |
2010年 | 59篇 |
2009年 | 86篇 |
2008年 | 81篇 |
2007年 | 59篇 |
2006年 | 34篇 |
2005年 | 52篇 |
2004年 | 46篇 |
2003年 | 36篇 |
2002年 | 27篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 27篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1700条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Background:We aim to evaluate the efficiency of Raman spectroscopy (RS) in diagnosing suspected patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), manifested by diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.Methods:We will research widely the articles concerning the use of RS in ICC through authenticated database including PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, and CNKI between January 2012 and November 2020, retrieving at least 1500 spectra with strict criteria. This study will be carried out in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We are going to summarize the test performance using random effects models.Results:Based on the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy, we intend to provide the relative diagnostic efficiency in ICC through RS.Conclusion:Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, we intend to provide the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of RS in the diagnosis of suspected ICC. Other parameters like positive likelihood ratios (LR), negative LR, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) curve will also be calculated and related figures will be drawn to help illustrate the efficacy of RS in the diagnosis of ICC. 相似文献
2.
The cellular mechanisms underlying hereditary photoreceptor degeneration are still poorly understood, a problem that is exacerbated by the enormous genetic heterogeneity of this disease group. However, the last decade has yielded a wealth of new knowledge on degenerative pathways and their diversity. Notably, a central role of cGMP-signalling has surfaced for photoreceptor cell death triggered by a subset of disease-causing mutations.In this review, we examine key aspects relevant for photoreceptor degeneration of hereditary origin. The topics covered include energy metabolism, epigenetics, protein quality control, as well as cGMP- and Ca2+-signalling, and how the related molecular and metabolic processes may trigger photoreceptor demise. We compare and integrate evidence on different cell death mechanisms that have been associated with photoreceptor degeneration, including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and PARthanatos. A special focus is then put on the mechanisms of cGMP-dependent cell death and how exceedingly high photoreceptor cGMP levels may cause activation of Ca2+-dependent calpain-type proteases, histone deacetylases and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase. An evaluation of the available literature reveals that a large group of patients suffering from hereditary photoreceptor degeneration carry mutations that are likely to trigger cGMP-dependent cell death, making this pathway a prime target for future therapy development.Finally, an outlook is given into technological and methodological developments that will with time likely contribute to a comprehensive overview over the entire metabolic complexity of photoreceptor cell death. Building on such developments, new imaging technology and novel biomarkers may be used to develop clinical test strategies, that fully consider the genetic heterogeneity of hereditary retinal degenerations, in order to facilitate clinical testing of novel treatment approaches. 相似文献
3.
3-(3-吡啶基)-6-芳基-7H-1,2,4-三唑并[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二嗪的合成与波谱表征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:研究分子中含吡啶基的有多个杂环的化合物系列的波谱表征,方法:由烟酸出发,经多步反应,制得有吡啶基的均三唑并噻二嗪化合物,并进行红外,核磁共振氢谱与碳谱测试。结果:得到原料,中间体和产物的红外光谱图,产物的核磁共振氢谱与碳谱图。结论:标题化合物红外光谱1600cm^-1处多有C=N伸缩振动峰,1250cm^-左右有N-N=C伸缩振动峰,700cm^-1有C-S-C弯曲振动峰;噻二嗪亚甲基氢的化学位移δ值约为4.46,吡啶基四个氢原子化学位移约为9.3、8.9、8.7、8.0,噻二嗪亚甲基碳化学位移为23。 相似文献
4.
5.
The mutational specificity of the syn dihydrodiol epoxide of 5-methylchrysene in the supF gene of the pSP189 vector was examined. Transversion mutations at GC pairs predominated with G → T and G → C changes accounting for 42 and 21% of total base change mutations. The types of mutations found reflect the previously determined chemical preference of this reactive species for reaction with deoxyguanosine residues in DNA. 相似文献
6.
7.
Two-dimensional HOHAHA and ROESY nuclear magnetic resonance techniques are used to obtain complete proton resonance assignments and to perform a conformational investigation of the neuropeptide neurotensin (pGlu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu) in aqueous solution, methanol, and membrane-mimetic [deuterated sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)] environments. Results suggest the absence of discernible elements of secondary structure in water and methanol. ROESY spectra confirm that Lys-Pro and Arg-Pro peptide bonds are all-trans, but that a significant population of cis Arg-Pro bonds arises in aqueous solution, which increases in the environment of SDS micelles. The conformational ensemble of the peptide is observed to narrow as it becomes bound through its cationic mid-region to SDS micelles, with the accompanying advent of local extended structure. The overall results indicate the inherent conformational flexibility of neurotensin, and emphasize the environmental dependence of conformation in peptides of medium length. 相似文献
8.
9.
Tom Lindfors Carita Kvarnström Ari Ivaska 《Journal of electroanalytical chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland)》2002,518(2):131-138
Electrically conducting soluble polyaniline (PANI), containing different amounts of a bulky lipophilic cationic additive, tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMACl), was studied by Raman (λexc=780 nm) and UV–vis spectroscopy. PANI was made simultaneously electrically conducting and soluble with bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]phosphoric acid in dichloromethane. The PANI membranes were prepared by drop casting on glassy carbon or ITO substrates. Raman and UV–vis measurements were carried out in a 0.1 M CaCl2 solution at potentials between 400 and ?600 mV (vs. SCE) at pH 6, or alternatively at the open circuit potential at pH 10. The results of Raman, UV–vis and cyclic voltammetric measurements confirm that the incorporation of TDMACl into the PANI membrane facilitates the oxidation and reduction of PANI. 相似文献
10.
Dietrich Schweitzer Sabine Guenther Mateusz Scibor Martin Hammer 《International ophthalmology》1992,16(4-5):251-257
The approximation of logarithmic difference spectra between the reflectance of the normal fundus and the fundus reflectance in different stages of glaucoma is demonstrated by a model. The influences of fundus pigments like oxihemoglobin, melanin, xanthophyll and rhodopsin as well as the intensity and the exponent of the scattered light are optimized. Glaucomatous alterations in the extinction of these pigments and of the scattering parameters are different in the macula, in the papillo-macular bundle and in the parapapillary region temporal to the optic disc. A lack of oxihemoglobin only in the papillo-macular bundle in first relative losses in the visual field function points to a damaged microcirculation in early POAG. In progressive glaucoma the extinction spectrum of xanthophyll is detectable in the papillo-macular bundle. A decreased intensity of the scattered light and an altered scattering exponent are suggestive of a damage in the nerve fiber layer at early stages of glaucoma. 相似文献