Symptoms During or Shortly After Isolated Carpal Tunnel Release and Problems Within 24?hours After Surgery

This study used the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (NSAS) database to measure the incidence of and risk factors for symptoms in the ambulatory surgery center and problems within 24 h after isolated carpal tunnel release (CTR). The NSAS contained records on 400,000 adult patients with carpal tunnel syndrome who were treated with CTR in 2006, based on ICD-9 codes. The type of anesthesia used and factors associated with symptoms and problems were sought in bivariate and multivariable statistical analyses. The mean duration of the procedure was 16 ± 8.8 min. Only 5 % were performed under local anesthesia without sedation, 45 % with IV sedation, 28 % regional anesthesia, and 19 % general anesthesia. Symptoms in the ambulatory surgery center or a problem within 24 h after discharge were recorded in 10 % of patients, all of them minor and transient, including difficulties with pain and its treatment. The strongest risk factors were male sex, age of 45 years and older, and participation of an anesthesiologist. Local anesthesia and regional anesthesia were associated with more perioperative symptoms and postoperative problems. Most CTR are performed with some sedation in the United States. CTR is a safe procedure: one in 10 patients will experience a minor issue in the perioperative or immediate postoperative period.     

我国医疗器械数字化技术发展中存在的主要问题及原因

本文提出了我国医疗器械产业中数字化技术发展中存在的主要问题，并分析了问题产生的原因。     

医疗机构面临的问题和对策

文章就宁波市医疗机构目前情况作了论述,指出目前存在问题主要是卫生资源配置不合理,其原因有体制和政策方面;各级医院的功能错位,导致医疗费用急剧增加;医疗费用构成不舍理,药费比例偏高：医疗机构管理体制和运营机制不能适应市场经济形势;针对上述问题,文章提出的对策为实施区域卫生规划,优化卫生资源配置;加快社区卫生服务建设,增强社区基层卫生服务力量,调整医疗收费价格体系,实行医药分开核算;推进干部人事制度改革,引进竞争机制。     

What May we be Learning from So-called Spontaneous Remission in Ethnic Minorities?

This study describes a small-scale attempt to compare people from two populations in an English county who have grown out of alcohol problems without formal assistance from treatment agencies. The populations were the indigenous white population and the ethnic minority population who originated from the Indian sub-continent, although 40% were born in Britain. There may be more spontaneous remitters and less problematic drinkers in need of specialist services than one would expect on the basis of population and consumption levels in the ethnic minority communities. For both white indigenous and ethnic groups, physical health, self-esteem, ability to cope and work were important motivating factors in reduction or cessation of alcohol use. For the ethnic minority group, social networks, including religiously-based ones, family status and honour were important, whereas accommodation and psychological state were more important to the white indigenous sample. Although the study is anecdotal, a case is made to have services for people with alcohol problems which offer treatments and goals consistent with the attitudes and beliefs of the communities of origin of presenters.     

Sleep problems in early childhood and early onset of alcohol and other drug use in adolescence

BACKGROUND: No prospective studies exist on the relationship between sleep problems early in life and subsequent alcohol use. Stimulated by the adult literature linking sleep problems to the subsequent onset of alcohol use disorders in some adults, we examined whether sleep problems in early childhood predicted the onset of alcohol and other drug use in adolescence and whether such a relationship was mediated by other known predictors of this relationship, namely, attention problems, anxiety/depression, and aggression in late childhood. METHODS: This study is part of an ongoing longitudinal study of the development of risk for alcohol and other substance use disorders. Study participants were 257 boys from a community-recruited sample of high-risk families. RESULTS: Mothers' ratings of their children's sleep problems at ages 3 to 5 years significantly predicted an early onset of any use of alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drugs, as well as an early onset of occasional or regular use of cigarettes by age 12 to 14. Additionally, although sleep problems in early childhood also predicted attention problems and anxiety/depression in later childhood, these problems did not mediate the relationship between sleep problems and onset of alcohol and other drug use. CONCLUSIONS: This is, to our knowledge, the first study that prospectively examines the relationship between sleep problems and early onset of alcohol use, a marker of increased risk for later alcohol problems and alcohol use disorders. Moreover, early childhood sleep problems seem to be a robust marker for use of drugs other than alcohol. Implications for the prevention of early alcohol and other drug use are discussed.     

垫江县基层卫生工作存在的问题及建议

医改,政府在围绕解决人民群众看病难、看病贵等方面做了大量的工作。但一些如绩效工资分配不合理、医保报账定额限制、医技人员缺乏、医疗机构城乡布点不均、临床医疗与公共卫生信息不能共享等问题,在基层越发突出,一定程度更加重了群众“看病难”和基层医疗机构的发展。提出绩效工资分配政策,适度向基层医疗机构倾斜,稳定基层队伍;提高基层医疗机构医保报账分配额度和病人报销比例,引导病人分级诊疗、科学就医;加强医技人才培训和引进,不断提高基层医疗卫生机构的服务能力;加大财政投入力度,进一步完善基层医疗服务条件等建议。     

P300, Disinhibited Personality, and Early-Onset Alcohol Problems

BACKGROUND: Recent research suggests that a reduced P300 amplitude of the event-related potential is associated with a vulnerability to alcoholism. This study tested the hypothesis that reductions in the P300 amplitude would be associated with specific dimensions of disinhibited personality (social deviance proneness and impulsivity) and that these personality traits would mediate the association between P300 and alcohol problems in a young adult sample that varied widely in disinhibitory traits. METHODS: Alcohol problems, personality (impulsivity, social deviance, harm avoidance, and excitement seeking), and event-related potentials were measured in a sample of 190 subjects (87 men, 103 women) with a mean age of 20.7 +/- 1.9 years. RESULTS: Social deviance, impulsivity, and alcohol problems were associated with reductions in the P300, but only in male subjects. A structural model suggested that social deviance, impulsivity, and alcohol problems were all strongly related to P300 amplitude at Fz. Further analyses indicated that for male subjects, social deviance mediated the association between P300 at Fz and alcohol problems as well as the association between impulsivity and alcohol problems. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that reduced P300s are strongly associated with a general tendency toward antisocial, defiant, and impulsive traits, which might, in turn, increase the risk for alcohol abuse. The lack of an association between reduced P300s and personality or alcohol problems in women was unexpected and deserves further study.