中药配方颗粒制备工艺研究思路

目的：探讨中药配方颗粒的制备工艺。方法：时中药配方颗粒的生产现状及存在的问题进行分析，对其制备工艺的基本原则进行了探讨。结果：以水为溶媒、煮提方法制备配方颗粒不完全符合中医药特点。汤剂中中药成分间的相互作用是达到增效降毒目的的重要途径之一。结论：为中药配方颗粒的制备提供参考。     

正交试验优选妇康乐胶囊中多糖的提取工艺

目的研究确定妇康乐胶囊茯苓和川牛膝总多糖的最佳提取工艺。方法采用苯酚硫酸法测定多糖含量,以总多糖得率为评价指标,选用单因素和正交试验设计法对妇康乐胶囊的提取工艺进行优化。结果妇康乐胶囊的最佳工艺为：加10倍量水,回流提取2次,每次45min。结论所优选工艺条件简单,稳定,可行。     

人参再造丸含量测定中样品制备方法的改进

目的 测定人参再造丸中盐酸小檗碱的含量.方法 采取饱和流出式固相萃取技术对样品进行纯化,ZorbaxSB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(28:72),流速1 ml·min-1,检测波长345nm.结果 盐酸小檗碱进样量在0.0436～0.4360 μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率98.37%,RSD=1.6%(n=6).结论 制备方法能有效去除基质,保护色谱柱,所得样品组分分离度好,简便快速,重复性好,结果准确可靠,可用于制备人参再造丸质量控制所需的供试品溶液.     

温度敏感型盐酸川芎嗪腹腔用原位缓释凝胶的制备研究与评价

目的制备以Poloxamer 407为基本材料的温度敏感型盐酸川芎嗪腹腔用原位缓释凝胶,建立温度敏感型盐酸川芎嗪腹腔用原位缓释凝胶的体外评价方法。方法制备Poloxamer 407(P-407)不同浓度溶液,分别测定其相转变温度、绘制黏度-温度曲线及体温下体外释放度测定,选择符合针对腹腔粘连病理特点的盐酸川芎嗪原位缓释凝胶。结果通过体外释放实验发现40%P-407原位凝胶与辅料2%~3%甲基纤维素(MC)结合使盐酸川芎嗪的体外释放度明显延长,最符合实验要求。结论温度敏感型盐酸川芎嗪腹腔用原位缓释凝胶具有良好的体外释放性能、温度敏感黏附性能并且该制剂稳定,方法简单,重现性好。     

高速逆流色谱技术制备石杉碱甲单体

目的从千层塔植物提取物中分离制备石杉碱甲单体。方法利用高速逆流色谱技术,通过寻找合适的两相溶剂体系及工艺参数,研究及讨论石杉碱甲分离制备的新方法。结果以n-Hexane/n-BuOH/H2O(4∶1∶5,V/V/V)为两相溶剂体系,在优化的工艺参数条件下,利用高速逆流色谱技术,获得了单体纯度为98.6%(HPLC)的石杉碱甲单体。结论利用高速逆流色谱技术成功地从千层塔植物提取物中分离制备了纯度高于98%的石杉碱甲单体。     

Das Vibrationsempfinden

Zusammenfassung Mit einem Vibrationsgerät (250 Hz; stufenförmige Einzelmessungen) und mit der Stimmgabel wurden die Schwellen des Vibrationsempfindens bestimmt. Wir untersuchten 100 gesunde Personen, 24 Patienten mit multipler Sklerose und 29 mit Polyneuropathie verschiedener Genese.Es ergab sich ein altersabhängiger Schwellenanstieg, der besonders deutlich um das 50. Lebensjahr herum ausgeprägt ist. Der günstigste Reizort an der unteren Extremität war die Großzehe (Kuppe oder Gelenk). Hier lagen die Schwellen deutlich niedriger, und die Streuungen waren geringer als am Malleolus medialis oder der medialen Tibiafläche. Die Fingerkuppe ist noch empfindlicher und zeigte auch einen viel geringeren altersabhängigen Schwellenanstieg.Es bestanden keine Geschlechtsunterschiede und keine Differenzen zwischen dominierender und nichtdominierender Körperhälfte. Im Vergleich ist die Stimmgabeluntersuchung weniger empfindlich, besonders im fortschreitenden Lebensalter. — Bei den untersuchten Patienten fanden sich in fast allen Fällen Erhöhungen der Vibrationsschwellen im Vergleich zur Streubreite der altersabhängigen Normalkurve.

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Vibratory sensibility

Summary The thresholds of vibratory sensation were determined by means of a vibratory device (250 cps; measurements in gradual increments) and a tuning fork. We examined 100 normal subjects, 24 patients with multiple sclerosis and 29 patients with polyneuropathy of variable origin.There is an elevation of threshold with age which is most marked at about 50 years of age. The body area at the lower extremities most suitable for testing was found to be the big toe (tip or joint). The thresholds near this point are significantly lower than those at the malleolus medialis or the inner aspect of the tibia, the deviation in results being also small. The tip of the index finger is even more sensitive, showing only a small rise in threshold with age.There were no differences either between male and female subjects or between the dominant and non-dominant body side. The determination of the threshold with a tuning fork appears to be less sensitive, especially in older individuals. The thresholds in the patient groups examined were almost consistently elevated as compared with those of normal subjects.

     

不同类型大孔吸附树脂对三子散半仿生提取液静态吸附/解吸附性能考察

目的 优选出对三子散半仿生提取液大孔吸附树脂纯化的最佳工艺参数.方法 考察用几种不同类型大孔吸附树脂对三子散半仿生提取液的吸附量、吸附率以及洗脱速度的不同影响.结果 采用D101型大孔吸附树脂为吸附剂,90%乙醇为洗脱剂,洗脱10 h,洗脱液流速为20 mL/min.结论 利用大孔吸附树脂可以对三子散半仿生提取液纯化,简单易行,为三子散新型制剂的研究开发提供科学依据.     

Hand-assisted versus laparoscopic-assisted colorectal surgery: Practice patterns and clinical outcomes in a minimally-invasive colorectal practice

Introduction Laparoscopic assisted (LA) colectomy has significant patient benefits but is technically challenging. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) allows tactile feedback because the surgeon’s hand assists in retraction and dissection. This may decrease the technical difficulty and shorten the learning curve associated with performing laparoscopic colectomy. We investigated the patient selection and short-term clinical outcomes of HALS and LA since the introduction of HALS to our minimally invasive colorectal practice. Methods Prospectively collected data on 258 patients undergoing HALS (n = 109) or LA colectomy (n = 149) during a calendar year (2004) were analyzed. Patient and disease characteristics, operative parameters, and perioperative outcomes were compared. Results HALS patients were similar to LA patients in age (51 vs. 54 yrs), gender (56 vs. 52% male), body mass index (26 vs. 26 kg/m2), comorbidities (84 vs. 85% with one or more), and diagnosis (83 vs. 80% benign), but differed in incidence of previous surgery (49 vs. 30%; P = 0.008). A significantly greater proportion of HALS patients underwent complex procedures and extensive resections. Conversion rates (15 vs. 11%, P = 0.44), intraoperative complications (4 vs. 1%, P = 0.17), 30-day morbidity (18 vs. 11%, P = 0.12) and surgical reinterventions (2 vs. 1%, P = 0.58) did not differ. Recovery measured by days to flatus was not different [mean (standard deviation) 3(2) vs. 3(2) days, P = 0.26], however HALS patients had longer operative times [276(96) vs. 211(107) minutes P < 0.0001] and 1 day longer stay in hospital [6(3) vs. 5 (3) days, P = 0.0009)]. Conclusions Patients undergoing HALS underwent more-complex procedures than LA patients but retained the short-term benefits associated with LA colectomy. HALS facilitates expansion of a minimally invasive colectomy practice to include more challenging procedures while maintaining short-term patient benefits. Presented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Las Vegas, Nevada.     

软肝冲剂对肝炎肝硬化门脉高压患者血清一氧化氮、内皮素的影响

目的：观察软肝冲剂对肝炎肝硬化门脉高压患者门静脉主干内径及血流量、血流速度和血清一氧化氮（NO），内皮素（ET）的影响。方法：选择肝炎肝硬化门脉高压患者97例，随机分为两组，治疗组口服软肝冲剂，对照级以西药常规治疗，观察治疗后的总有效率、肝功能，门静脉主干内径及血流量、血流速度和血清NO、ET的变化。结果：经治疗后治疗组总有效率优于对照组（P＜0．05），患者ANT，TBil明显降低，Alb和A／G均明显升高，门静脉内径变窄，血流量增多，血流速度变快，同时NO及ET亦显著降低，与对照组比较，差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05或0．01）。结论：软肝冲剂治疗肝炎肝硬化门脉高压疗效显著，能明显改善肝功能，降低门静脉压力，其作用机制之一是降低血清NO、ET水平。     

学龄前儿童听觉诱发电位检查前准备

病理性近视又称为进行性近视、退变性近视或恶性近视，约占近视的5％。这类近视没有自限性，一般都超过600度，甚至2000度以上。病理性近视的显著特点是眼球的前后径极度扩延，眼底发生退行变性、脉络膜出现新生血管，尤其是黄斑区的脉络膜新生血管容易出血、渗出，严重影响视力，甚至失明，从而影响患者的工作、学习和生活。至今为止国内除了光动力疗法尚无非常有效的治疗方法。