全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1138篇 |
免费 | 47篇 |
国内免费 | 62篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 7篇 |
儿科学 | 21篇 |
妇产科学 | 33篇 |
基础医学 | 141篇 |
口腔科学 | 16篇 |
临床医学 | 92篇 |
内科学 | 338篇 |
皮肤病学 | 9篇 |
神经病学 | 139篇 |
特种医学 | 17篇 |
外科学 | 95篇 |
综合类 | 161篇 |
预防医学 | 46篇 |
眼科学 | 10篇 |
药学 | 74篇 |
中国医学 | 12篇 |
肿瘤学 | 36篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 36篇 |
2013年 | 44篇 |
2012年 | 54篇 |
2011年 | 59篇 |
2010年 | 59篇 |
2009年 | 64篇 |
2008年 | 77篇 |
2007年 | 72篇 |
2006年 | 94篇 |
2005年 | 83篇 |
2004年 | 47篇 |
2003年 | 48篇 |
2002年 | 44篇 |
2001年 | 52篇 |
2000年 | 57篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 28篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1247条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
目的研究我国汉族人纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1基因启动子区-675位4G/5G(单鸟嘌呤核苷酸插入/缺失)基因多态性与心肌梗死和脑梗死的等位基因特异性的相关性.方法以等位基因特异性聚合酶链反应(AS-PCR)扩增56例心肌梗死患者,54例脑梗死患者,83例无关健康对照个体的基因组DNA,鉴定PAl-1 4G/5G基因型及分布频率,常规方法检验研究个体的主要临床和生化指标.结果PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G基因多态性在心肌梗死,脑梗死患者组中的分布频率与对照组明显不同.在心肌梗死组中,4G/4G基因型分布频率(71.40%)比对照组(30.12%)显著增加(P<0.001),杂合型4G/5G基因型分布频率(25.00%)比对照组(62.65%)明显降低;而在脑梗死组中,4G/4G,4G/5G基因型分布频率(分别为20.37%,55.56%)均比对照组(分别为30.12%,62.65%)低,5G/5G基因型明显增加(24.07%vs7.32%,P<0.001).而且心梗组中血浆PAI-1活性水平随着4G等位基因的减少而降低;脑梗死组中,血浆PAI-1活性水平随着5G等位基因的升高而增加.心肌梗死、脑梗死患者组中的血浆PAI-1活性水平,甘油三酯水平和血糖水平都比对照组明显升高(分别为P<0.001,P<0.05,P<0.001).结论本研究表明,中国汉族人PAI-1基因启动子区4G/5G基因多态性可能和心肌梗死、脑梗死发生的危险性相关,4G/5G基因多态性可能是一种重要的遗传性血栓性疾病的危险因子. 相似文献
2.
目的:观察糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对大鼠肾系膜细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)表达的影响及其与细胞外基质(ECM)成分含量的关系。方法:体外培养正常大鼠肾系膜细胞,分别用糖化牛血清白蛋白(AGEs)及未经糖化的牛血清白蛋白(BSA)处理,以常规培养的肾系膜细胞作为对照,检测不同时间、不同浓度AGEs对纤维连接蛋白(FN)、Ⅳ型胶原、PAI-1表达的影响。MTT法检测AGEs对系膜细胞增殖的作用,ELISA测定条件培养基中FN、Ⅳ型胶原及PAI-1蛋白含量,逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCR)检测系膜细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达。结果:与相应浓度的BSA比较,AGEs(0—200mg/L)对系膜细胞增殖无明显影响,但可不同程度地刺激系膜细胞FN、Ⅳ型胶原、PAI-1蛋白的产生。RT—PCR检测显示,给予AGEs(100mg/L)的系膜细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达明显增加(P〈0.01)。结论:AGEs促进系膜细胞PAI—1的表达,提示AGEs通过上调PAI-1的表达而减少细胞外基质降解,可能是糖尿病肾病细胞外基质积聚的原因之一。 相似文献
3.
David D. Dean Zvi Schwartz Ofelia E. Muniz Ruben Gomez Larry D. Swain David S. Howell Barbara D. Boyan 《Calcified tissue international》1992,50(4):342-349
Summary This study examined the presence of extracellular matrix processing enzymes in matrix vesicles produced by rat costochondral resting zone and growth zone chondrocytes in culture. Optimum procedures for the extraction of each enzyme activity were determined. Enzyme activity associated with chondrocyte plasma membrane microsomes was used for comparison. There was a differential distribution of the enzyme activities related to the cartilage zone from which the cells were isolated. Acid and neutral metalloproteinase (TIMP), plasminogen activator, and betaglucuronidase were highest in the growth zone chondrocyte (GC) membrane fractions when compared with matrix vesicles and plasma membranes isolated from resting zone chondrocyte (RC) cultures. There was a threefold enrichment of total and active acid metalloproteinase in GC matrix vesicles, whereas no enrichment in enzyme activity was observed in RC matrix vesicles. Total and active neutral metalloproteinase were similarly enriched twofold in GC matrix vesicles. TIMP, plasminogen activator, and betaglucuronidase activities were highest in the plasma membranes of both cell types. No collagenase, lysozyme, or hyaluronidase activity was found in any of the membrane fractions. The data indicate that matrix vesicles are selectively enriched in enzymes which degrade proteoglycans. The highest concentrations of these enzymes are found in matrix vesicles produced by growth zone chondrocytes, suggesting that this may be a mechanism by which the more differentiated cell modulates the matrix for calcification. 相似文献
4.
用国产显色三肽CBZ-gly-pro-arg-pNA为底物测定血浆纤溶酶原(plg)活性,选择链激酶(SK)为plg激活物,向待测标本中加入足量的SK与plg形成具有纤溶酶活性的复合物,对实验系统中的显色底物产生酰胺分解作用,裂解出显色集团对硝基苯胺。血浆中plg活性与显色反应呈正相关。作者对实验的最佳条件和影响因素作了讨论。用本法测定60例健康者plg活性,提出正常参考值范围为100.00±8.69%(■±S)。 相似文献
5.
A M Abdel Gader A A Al-Mishari S A Awadalla N M Buyuomi T Khashoggi M Al-Hakeem 《International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics》2006,95(3):248-253
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role played by tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in pregnancy hypertension. METHODS: Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, hemostatic measurements were obtained for women with pre-eclampsia (n=51), nonproteinuric hypertension of pregnancy (n=62), postpartum pre-eclampsia 24 h after childbirth (n=31), and no hypertension (healthy pregnant controls, n=100). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in circulating free TFPI levels in women with pre-eclampsia (9.7+/-6.2 ng/mL) or nonproteinuric hypertension of pregnancy (8.3+/-5.3 ng/mL) compared with healthy controls (5.3+/-2.1 ng/mL). In women with pre-eclampsia the levels remained elevated after placental delivery (10.6+/-4.0 ng/mL). Free protein S levels were significantly higher in women with pre-eclampsia (40.0%+/-10.7%), nonproteinuric hypertension of pregnancy (37.1%+/-12.5%), or postpartum pre-eclampsia (39.3%+/-9.1%) than in healthy pregnant controls (32.2%+/-8.5%). CONCLUSION: Increased levels of the physiologically active free forms of TFPI and free protein S, 2 coagulation inhibitors, may protect women with pregnancy-induced hypertension from the risks of hemostatic activation. 相似文献
6.
目的:观察阿托伐他汀对系膜增殖性肾炎(MsPGN)大鼠肾组织细胞外基质(ECM)和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)表达的影响,探讨其肾脏保护作用的机制。方法:采用抗胸腺细胞血清诱发的MsPGN大鼠模型,将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、肾炎模型组、小剂量阿托伐他汀治疗组(8mg·kg^-1·d^-1)和大剂量阿托伐他汀治疗组(16mg·kg^-1·d^-1)。治疗12d后。检测各组大鼠血总胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、血肌酐(Scr)和24h尿蛋白,以及肾组织Ⅳ型胶原(Col Ⅳ)、纤维结合蛋白(FN)和PAI-1的表达。结果:阿托伐他汀治疗组大鼠24h尿蛋白、肾组织Col Ⅳ、FN和PAI-1 mRNA的表达明显下降。肾组织病理改变明显改善,与模型组相比有统计学差异(P〈0.05),且呈剂量依赖关系。其中肾炎模型组尿蛋白(30.34±0.62)mg/d。阿托伐他汀小剂量治疗组(21.17±0.79)mg/d,大剂量治疗组(9.77±0.54)mg/d。同时,各组血脂水平无明显差异(P〉0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀可显著改善MsPGN大鼠肾脏病变,抑制肾组织ECM成分和PAI-1的表达。 相似文献
7.
组织型纤溶酶原激活剂及其抑制物的变化与冠心病的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的:观察冠心病患者纤溶活性的变化及其在冠心病发病中的作用,探讨其临床意义。方法:用酶联免疫双抗夹心(ELISA)法测定58例冠心病患者血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t—PA)及纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1(PAI-1)抗原含量,反映纤溶-抗纤溶活性的变化,并对冠心病患者组与对照组纤溶指标进行不同性别间的比较。结果:急性心肌梗死、不稳定心绞痛患者PM-1的含量、PAI-1/t—PA比值明显高于对照组,且急性心肌梗死患者PM-1的含量较不稳定心绞痛患者显著为高。但t—PA在急性心肌梗死、不稳定心绞痛患者均无显著降低。患者组及对照组不同性别间纤溶及抗纤溶水平均未见有显著差异。结论:血栓性疾病与纤溶系统的异常有密切关系。纤溶系统活性的变化及纤溶-抗纤溶的平衡失调在缺血性心脏病的发生、发展中起着重要作用。 相似文献
8.
非创伤性股骨头坏死患者的血液学改变 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
目的测定非创伤性股骨头坏死(nontraumaticosteonecrosisoffemoralhead,NONFH)患者的血液学指标变化,筛选敏感分子标记物用于早期诊断和筛选高危人群。方法研究对象共分三组:(1)NONFH早期组(塌陷前期)30例,(2)NONFH晚期组(塌陷后期)30例,(3)正常对照组30例。各组对象均抽取空腹肘静脉血。应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血小板α-颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)、血浆蛋白C(PC)、D-二聚体(D-Dimer)含量;发色底物法测定血浆纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂(PAI)活性。结果(1)NONFH早、晚期组血小板GMP-140含量均高于正常对照组,血浆PC含量均低于正常对照组,D-Dimer含量均高于正常对照组,PAI活性均高于正常对照组(P均<0.05)。骨坏死情况越严重,各项指标上升或降低的趋势越明显,而且各项指标早、晚期组间比较差异均有显著性(P均<0.05)。(2)经判别分析,筛选出PAI、D-Dimer、PC三个指标,建立NONFH早期、晚期和正常对照三类判别函数式。NONFH早期:Y1=?26.3966 41.4916X10 0.0512X4 4.1390X1;NONFH晚期:Y2=?66.7566 82.1315X10 0.1082X4 2.7233X1;正常对照组:Y3=?26.7049 20.5695X10 0.0327X4 6.1900X1。回代判对率97.78%。结论(1)NONFH患者各期均存在高凝和低纤溶状态。(2)PAI、D-Dimer、PC为NONFH患者的血液学敏感指标。 相似文献
9.
Relationships between Activators and Inhibitors of Plasminogen, and the Progression of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. S. Lindholt B. Jrgensen G. -P. Shi E. W. Henneberg 《European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery》2003,25(6):546-551
OBJECTIVE: plasmin is a common activator of the known proteolytic systems involved in the aneurysmal degradation, and is reported to be associated with the expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The aim of this study was to study the activating pathways of plasminogen as predictors of the progression of AAA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: one hundred and twelve of 122 male patients with a small AAA (def.: +3cm) were interviewed, examined, had blood samples taken at diagnosis, and scanned annually for 1-5 years (mean 3.5 years), and referred for surgery if the AAA exceeded 5cm in diameter.A random sample of 70 of the 112 cases had plasma levels of urokinase-like-plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue-type-plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), macrophage inhibiting factor (MIF), tumour-growth-factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), homocysteine, and serum levels of IgA-antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae (IgA-CP) and Cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) measured. Spearmans correlation analysis was used for statistics. RESULTS: the annual expansion rate correlated positively with tPA, IgA-CP and S-Cotinine; r =0.37 (p=0.002), 0.29 (p=0.006) and 0.24 (p=0.038), while PAI1, uPA, TGF-beta1, homocysteine, and MIF did not. S-Cotinine did also correlate positively with tPA, r=0.24 (p=0.049). CONCLUSION: the aortic matrix degradation in AAA may be partly caused by an activation of plasminogen by tPA, but apparently not by uPA, which usually dominates matrix degradation. Smoking seems to be a factor for this pathway, while the pathways of IgA-CP and MIF, a new marker of aneurysmal progression, seem different. The latter observations suggest that other proteolytic pathways are involved in the aortic wall degradation in AAA. 相似文献
10.
N. Negoro Y. Kanayama T. Takeda M. Fujisawa M. Okamura T. Inoue 《Rheumatology international》1989,8(6):273-277
Summary We measured 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes (PI-PC) in plasma of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to examine the plasminogen activation in SLE. The plasma PI-PC level in 23 patients with SLE was significantly higher than that in 18 normal subjects (P<0.001) and the SLE patients with nephrotic syndrome had higher plasma PI-PC levels than those without nephrotic syndrome (P<0.01). In addition, the plasma PI-PC level was significantly correlated with the level of plasma C3 breakdown products (iC3b/C3dg) in the patients with SLE (r=0.53, P<0.01). These results suggest that plasminogen is activated in plasma of patients with SLE and that the plasminogen activation may be associated with the activation of complement in SLE. 相似文献