凯素灵药笔触杀蜚蠊效果观察

凯素灵是新近生产的杀虫剂,对卫生害虫有极强的杀灭作用。以此药配成0.30%、0.25%、0.20%和0.15%四种浓度的石膏药笔,作杀灭美洲大蠊试验,其杀灭率分别为100%、95.0%、60.0%、10.0%。新配制的和放置1、4、7、10个月的0.25%浓度药笔,杀灭率分别为95.0%、90.0%、85.0%、65.0%、40.0%。现场初步观察,对卫生害虫灭效良好。认为0.25%和0.30%浓度石膏药笔,可连续使用4个月以上。药笔具有高效、低毒、价廉、使用方便等优点,可以推广使用。     

美洲大蠊抗胃溃疡作用的初步研究

为了研究美洲大蠊提取物抗胃溃疡的作用,本文进行了大鼠应激胃溃疡型,大鼠醋酸烧灼的胃溃疡型及大鼠无水乙醇胃粘膜损伤型的动物实验观察。结果表明美洲大蠊提取物对应急型及乙醇型胃溃疡模型保护效果明显,但对醋酸烧灼法引起的胃溃疡模型无明显的保护效果,其保护作用机理尚待进一步研究。     

黑胸大蠊若虫免疫兔血清对美洲大蠊若虫cDNA表达文库的筛选及克隆分析

目的从美洲大蠊若虫cDNA文库中筛选黑胸大蠊抗原相关基因,以期获得黑胸大蠊有潜在药用价值的蛋白质、多肽成分。方法用黑胸大蠊若虫免疫兔血清筛选美洲大蠊若虫cDNA文库,对阳性克隆进行PCR鉴定和序列测定,通过国际互联网进行核苷酸序列的同源性分析及编码蛋白质的结构分析和功能预测。结果经三轮复筛,从多个持续阳性克隆中挑选出3个进行测序、分析,其中N1克隆为新基因,Score<50,命名为Parcxpwnx01,GenBank登录号为AY838802。该基因编码231个氨基酸,初步预测该蛋白可能为一具信号转导功能的跨膜蛋白。N2克隆与美洲大蠊核蛋白体16SRNA基因高度同源,N3与黑胸大蠊线粒体DNA高度同源。结论免疫筛选获得与黑胸大蠊若虫抗原相关的基因克隆,其编码的蛋白结构和功能有待进一步研究。     

美洲大蠊的有效成分及相关药理学研究进展

美洲大蠊是传统动物类中药“蜚蠊”的重要基源药材之一,传统功效主要包括通利血脉、敛疮生肌、利水消肿、健脾消疳等。由于其疗效确切,以其为主要原料的中成药在临床上广泛使用,尤其在各种创面的修复上,疗效显著。该药物目前尚未被《中华人民共和国药典》收录,地方标准也仅是以总氨基酸中的丙氨酸含量为质控标准,具有生理活性的小分子肽类、核苷、蛋白质等物质均没有得到相应的定性或定量控制。近年来从美洲大蠊分离出的多肽类单体如抗菌肽、神经肽、利尿肽,具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、肌神经营养等强大的药理活性;二氢异香豆素类化合物还具有刺激人真皮成纤维细胞产生胶原蛋白的作用。基于此,本文使用Pubmed,CNKI,万方数据库检索美洲大蠊1984―2019年相关研究性文献,从化学成分-药理作用-临床应用3个方面对美洲大蠊目前的研究进行系统分析阐释,为该药物的进一步开发及以其为主要原料药的中成药制定更具专属性、稳定性的质控标准提供参考。     

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Kangfuxin in combination with rabeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Kangfuxin (KFX), a well-known Chinese patent medicine which extracted from Periplaneta americana, is widely used as an adjuvant in the treatment of peptic ulcers (PUs) with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as rabeprazole, in China. However, no clear consensus has been reached on the efficacy for PU treatment.Methods:We searched in 7 electronic databases to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) completed before May 31, 2020 to explore the clinical efficiency of KFX plus rabeprazole in the treatment of PU. Risk ratio (RR) corresponding to 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the outcomes. Publication bias was assessed by both Egger''s and Begg''s tests. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata version 10.0.Results:Twenty-five RCTs, comprising 2555 PU patients, were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that, when compared with rabeprazole-based treatment alone, KFX plus rabeprazole significantly improved the healing rate (RR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.25–1.44) and overall response rate of ulcers (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.13–1.20), alleviated the clinical symptoms of PU (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.21), and reduced the recurrence of PU (RR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.61) without an increase in the occurrence of adverse events (RR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.66–1.28).Conclusion:Our study suggests that KFX combined with rabeprazole showed positive therapeutic effects and is safe for treating PU, which may provide more reliable evidence for the clinical use of KFX in the treatment of PU.     

Ontogenetic shape changes in the pelvis of the Greater Rhea (Aves,Palaeognathae) and their relationships with cursorial locomotion: a geometric morphometric approach

Knowledge of the ontogenetic pattern of morphological features is essential to improve biological interpretations. The study of morphological features of the pelvic girdle and hind limb apparatus throughout growth is an excellent approach to understand how the skeletal morphology and muscles are interrelated during growth in a bird with a specialized mode of locomotion. The Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) is a large cursorial palaeognathous bird with long legs and powerful musculature. The postnatal shape changes of the pelvis of this bird were studied with geometric morphometric techniques, using landmarks and semilandmarks. In addition, regression analyses were used to explore the association between pelvic shape changes with muscle and body mass. The pelvises of 16 specimens of Rhea americana from 1 month old to adulthood were studied in dorsal and lateral views. Noticeable differences in pelvic shape were noted between ages, particularly in lateral view. In young birds, the pre- and post-acetabular ilium was subequal in length, whereas in adults the pre-acetabular ilium became shorter. In dorsal view, the main shape changes observed were the progressive thinning of both ilium portions and the elongation of the vertex craniolateralis ilii from chicks to adulthood. In this view, the only clear differentiation was between young and adult birds. Shape differences were influenced by body mass and pelvic muscles; the post-acetabular muscle mass explained the highest percentage of the variation. The specialized locomotion of Greater Rhea is reflected in their pelvic musculoskeletal system, in which the change to a longer post-acetabular ilium correlates with the growth of the powerful post-acetabular muscles. The actions of these muscles provide the necessary strength to support the body mass, minimize the body swinging movements and propel the body forward during locomotion. Bone morphology is affected by the forces produced by body mass and the muscle activity, demonstrating the presence of common growth mechanisms, which are primordial and gave rise to a functional and properly proportioned adult.     

诱导前后美洲大蠊血淋巴抗菌活性的研究

目的 研究美洲大蠊经大肠杆菌诱导后其血淋巴抗菌活性的变化.方法 将100只同龄期美洲大蠊成虫随机分为诱导组和未诱导组,诱导组虫体从腹部注射灭活的大肠杆菌菌悬液5 μL (3×1012个/L),未诱导组不做任何处理.24 h后分别采集两组美洲大蠊的血淋巴,并采用Hultmark比浊法测定各自血淋巴的抗菌活力,连续测定6 d,比较两组差异.结果 诱导组美洲大蠊血淋巴的抗菌活性明显强于未诱导组,且在第3天达到峰值. 结论美洲大蠊经大肠杆菌诱导后血淋巴的抗菌活性明显增强.     

正交试验法优化美洲大蠊糖蛋白的提取工艺

目的：优选美洲大蠊糖蛋白的提取工艺条件。方法：在单因素的基础上采用L9（34）正交试验法,以美洲大蠊多糖和蛋白质含量、干膏得率为评价指标,考察溶剂量、煎煮次数、煎煮时间,并结合综合评分的方法优选美洲大蠊糖蛋白的提取工艺。结果：最佳提取工艺为：12倍溶剂量,1 h/次,提取3次。结论：优化所得的提取工艺可最大限度的保留有效成分,该提取工艺稳定可行、科学合理,适合于工业化大生产。     

Cellular localization of bursicon using antisera against partial peptide sequences of this insect cuticle-sclerotizing neurohormone

Bursicon is the final neurohormone released at the end of the molting cycle. It triggers the sclerotization (tanning) of the insect cuticle. Until now, its existence has been verified only by bioassays. In an attempt to identify this important neurohormone, bursicon was purified from homogenates of 2,850 nerve cords of the cockroach Periplaneta americana by using high performance liquid chromatography technology and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Bursicon bioactivity was found in four distinct protein spots at approximately 30 kDa between pH 5.3 and 5.9. The protein of one of these spots at pH 5.7 was subsequently microsequenced, and five partial amino acid sequences were retrieved. Evidence is presented that two of these sequences are derived from bursicon. Antibodies raised against the two sequences labeled bursicon-containing neurons in the central nervous systems of P. americana. One of these antisera labeled bursicon-containing neurons in the crickets Teleogryllus commodus and Gryllus bimaculatus, and the moth Manduca sexta. A cluster of four bilaterally paired neurons in the brain of Drososphila melanogaster was also labeled. In addition, this antiserum detected three spots corresponding to bursicon in Western blots of two-dimensional gels. The 12-amino acid sequence detected by this antiserum, thus, seems to be conserved even among species that are distantly related.     

德国小蠊,美洲大蠊卵荚光镜与扫描电镜观察

本文报告了长春市德国小蠊和美洲大蠊卵荚光镜和扫描电镜形态特征,并讨论了两种蜚蠊卵荚的鉴别要点。