头颈部肿瘤合并糖尿病的围手术期处理

目的探讨头颈部肿瘤合并糖尿病患者围手术期的处理方法.方法从2001年1月～2003年6月我科收治的头颈部肿瘤450例,对其中33例合并糖尿病患者使用胰岛素控制血糖的资料进行分析.结果 28例无并发症发生,切口感染2例,腮腺漏2例,心律失常1例,无围手术期死亡.结论对于合并糖尿病的头颈部肿瘤患者,合理使用胰岛素控制血糖是围手术期处理的主要方法,是安全渡过围手术期的重要保证.     

临床护理路径对腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除患者围手术期应激反应的影响

目的观察临床护理路径对腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除患者围手术期应激反应的影响。方法选择2011年6月～2013年6月于我科行腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术的120例患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组：给予常规护理;观察组采用临床护理路径,比较两组患者围手术期应激反应。结果对照组T1时HR、MAP、血糖和血浆NE、E、皮质醇较T0时均增高,T2时有所降低;观察组各指标变化趋势同对照组,但波动幅度明显减小,差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）。结论临床护理路径能够减轻腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除患者围手术期的应激反应,有利于患者安全平稳地度过手术期。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术围手术期护理

目的探讨提高嗜铬细胞瘤患者围手术期治疗效果的护理配合。方法回顾性分析42例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤病例围手术期的护理配合方法与措施。结果经过正确的治疗和充分的围手术期护理,42例患者治疗过程顺利,均未发生并发症,治愈出院。结论充分做好手术前、手术中、手术后护理,是提高手术治疗成功率的关键。     

感染性心内膜炎患者的围术期护理

目的讨论感染性心内膜炎患者围手术期的护理对策。方法选取2015年1月-2016年6月就诊于我院心血管外科的感染性心内膜炎患者30例,所有患者均给予优质围术期护理,观察患者术前与出院时体温、体质量、血红蛋白含量、营养状态、胸腔积液、下肢水肿状况。术前与出院时焦虑抑郁状况及护理满意度。结果全部患者围术期无死亡,出院时体质量较入院时增加(P0.05),营养状态较前好转(P0.05),体温下降,全部患者术后胸腔积液及下肢水肿情况消失(P0.05),患者满意度较高。术后焦虑与抑郁人数较术前明显减少(P0.05)。结论对感染性心内膜炎患者围术期实施有效的护理措施,能改善患者预后,明显减少焦虑抑郁。     

导航辅助下正颌外科手术患者围手术期护理

目的探讨导航辅助下正颌外科手术患者围手术期的护理。方法对22例导航辅助下正颌外科手术患者围手术期的护理方法进行回顾性分析。结果22例患者牙颌面畸形得到矫正，术后面容改观明显，患者满意出院。结论导航辅助下正颌手术患者术前做好心理护理及术前宣教，术中完善护理配合及加强术中对患者头发、鼻部、眼睛、口唇的护理，术后进行有效心理护理，术后反应护理，做好出院宣教，对于手术的成功及患者术后康复起着重要的作用。     

小儿肾积水围手术期护理

肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻（Pyeloureteric junctionobstruction,PUJO）是小儿肾积水的常见原因[1]。随着积水程度的增加,肾盂积水加重,肾皮质变薄,患儿肾功能和尿液浓缩稀释功能受到严重影响,如治疗不及时可导致尿路感染而引起全身症状,甚至出现肾实质萎缩发生肾功能衰竭。     

围术期整体护理在宫颈上皮内瘤样病变行高频电波刀环切术后的应用效果

目的：探讨宫颈上皮内瘤样病变高频电波刀环形电切术治疗的围术期护理效果。方法选取2011年6月～2013年6月需于本院进行高频电波刀环形电切术治疗的宫颈上皮内瘤样病变患者110例,按数字随机法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组55例。患者均进行常规高频电波刀环形电切术治疗。对照组采取常规护理,观察组采取围术期整体护理。比较两组的治疗效果、平均住院时间、并发症发生情况以及患者满意度。结果观察组治愈率为96.36%,高于对照组的83.64%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与对照组比较,观察组平均住院时间缩短,总并发症发生率降低,患者满意度提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论围术期整体护理有利于患者的治疗,可缩短患者的住院时间,减少各类并发症的发生并提高患者的满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

重组人红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)在心脏围术期的应用

目的:探讨在心脏围术期重组人红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)加速红细胞生成、进行红细胞总动员的疗效及其副作用。方法:体外循环心脏手术病人64例,随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组从术前7天到术后7天皮下注射rHuEPO,每次10000U,隔日1次,同时口服葡萄糖亚铁400mg,3次/日。对照组不用rHuEPO,其他治疗同实验组。结果:(1)实验组用药后1周网织红细胞明显上升,术后7天、14天继续上升渐达峰值,与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05);血色素、血球压积于术后7天、14天渐上升达术前水平。与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05);(2)两组ALT、BUN、Cr、PT、纤维蛋白元、华法令剂量、高血压、癫痫比较差别均无显著差异(P>0.05);(3)两组失血量比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。实验组与对照组用血量分别为450±180ml和760±330ml,有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:rHuEPO能使心脏围术期红细胞动员加强,心脏术后延迟性贫血恢复加快,异体输血量减少,且无明显毒副作用,临床应用前景广阔。     

Omitting pre-operative coagulation screening tests in hip fracture patients: Stopping the financial cascade?

BackgroundCoagulation screening continues as a standard of care in many hip fracture pathways despite the 2011 guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI) which recommend that such screening be performed only if clinically indicated. This study aims to evaluate the use of pre-operative coagulation screening and explore its financial impact.MethodsProspective data was collected in accordance with the “Standardised Audit of Hip Fractures in Europe” (SAHFE) protocol. All patients admitted to our hospital with hip fractures during a 12-month period from November 2011 to November 2012 were analysed. Data including coagulation results and the use of vitamin K or blood products were collected retrospectively from the hospital computer system. Patient subgroup analysis was performed for intraoperative blood loss, post-operative blood units transfused, haematoma formation and gastrointestinal haemorrhage.Results814 hip fractures were analysed. 91.4% (n = 744) had coagulation tests performed and 22.0% (n = 164) had an abnormal result. Of these, 55 patients were taking warfarin leaving 109 patients who had abnormal results and were not taking warfarin. When this group (n = 109) was compared to those who had normal test results (n = 580) and to all other patients (n = 705) there was no difference in intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.79, 0.78), postoperative transfusion (p = 0.38, 0.30), postoperative haematoma formation (p = 0.79, 1.00), or gastrointestinal haemorrhage (p = 0.45, 1.00), respectively. In those who were not taking warfarin, but had abnormal results, none had treatment to reverse their coagulopathy with either vitamin K or blood products. By omitting pre-operative coagulation tests in patients who are not taking warfarin, we estimate a financial saving of between £66,500 and £432,250 per annum.ConclusionsThis study supports the hypothesis that routine pre-operative coagulation screening is unnecessary in hip fracture patients unless they take warfarin or have a known coagulopathy. Moreover, its omission represents significant cost-saving potential.