PTTG——一种新的肿瘤转化基因

新近报道的新型癌基因垂体肿瘤转化基因 (PTTG) ,其高表达在促进细胞增殖 ,转化及肿瘤发生中有十分重要的作用     

Pituitary tumor transforming gene PTTG2 induces psoriasis by regulating vimentin and E-cadherin expression

Psoriasis is a common and intractable skin disease affecting the physical and mental health of patients. This study focused on the roles of pituitary tumor transforming gene 2 (PTTG2) in psoriasis. Using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot, the expression patterns of PTTG2 were compared in psoriatic epidermis cells and normal cells, from both mRNA levels and protein levels. Knockdown of PTTG2 by siRNA was conducted in HaCaT cells to investigate the changes in cell viability and migration in vitro. Expression changes of vimentin and E-cadherin were also detected in the transfected cells. Results showed PTTG2 was significantly overexpressed in the psoriatic epidermis cells (P < 0.05). The cell viability and migration were inhibited by the knockdown of PTTG2. Besides, knockdown of PTTG2 resulted in down-regulation of vimentin and up-regulation of E-cadherin, with significant differences compared to the siRNA control group (P < 0.05). This study indicated the involvement of PTTG2 in mediating epidermis cell viability and migration and in pathogenesis of psoriasis. PTTG2 might be a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis through inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via regulating the expression of vimentin and E-cadherin.     

PTTG 基因对非霍奇金淋巴瘤细胞增殖能力的影响

目的：观察垂体瘤转化基因（pituitary tumor-transforming gene ,PTTG）对非霍奇金淋巴瘤细胞SUDHL-4增殖能力的影响。方法通过shRNA的方法在高表达PTTG的SUDHL-4细胞中敲降PTTG基因,通过MTT实验、细胞周期分析检测SUDHL-4生物学行为的变化。结果 PTTG被敲降后SUDHL-4细胞的生长速度明显下降,细胞G0／G1比例、S期比例下降;G2／M期比例升高,细胞阻滞于G2／M期,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 PTTG基因可能在非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发生发展中起重要作用,可能成为判断非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后的分子标志物及临床治疗的靶点。     

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??Abstract?? Objective To investigate the expression of PTTG1 and its promoting effect for epithelial mesenchymal transition ??EMT?? in oral squamous cell carcinoma?? OSCC. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR ??qRT-PCR?? was carried out to detect the mRNA expression level of PTTG1 for 58 pairs of OSCC and normal control tissues. RNAi was used to knockdown PTTG1 expression in SCC9 cell line. E-cadherin level was detected before and after RNAi?? using western blot. Results The relative expression of PTTG1 in OSCC tissues??3.046±1.137??was significantly higher than that of normal tissues ??0.975±0.434????P < 0.05??. Overexpression was closely related to the lymph node metastasis and clinical stage ??P < 0.05??. E-cadherin level decreased remarkably after the knockdown of PTTG1 in SCC9 cell ??P < 0.05??. Conclusion The overexpression of PTTG1 in OSCC patients is closely related to OSCC clinical stage and lymph node metastasis?? which promotes EMT progress.     

基于TCGA、THPA、GEO数据库挖掘PTTG1在乳腺癌中的表达及预后意义

目的:通过对癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)、人类蛋白组图谱(The Human Protein Atlas,THPA)和人类肿瘤相关的基因表达汇编(Gene Expression Omnibus,GEO)数据库的数据挖掘,探索垂体肿瘤转化基因1（pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1,PTTG1）在乳腺癌中的表达及预后意义。方法:从TCGA、THPA和GEO数据库提取PTTG1在乳腺癌及正常组织中mRNA和蛋白水平的变化和患者临床病理资料,GEO在线预后分析数据库Kaplan-Meier Plotter(http://kmplot.com)检索PTTG1乳腺癌预后的相关性。结果:在数据库中,PTTG1 mRNA和蛋白水平在乳腺癌队列中表达显著高于正常乳腺组织(P<0.01);PTTG1 mRNA在不同的分子亚型中表达存在显著差异(P<0.05);PTTG1 mRNA在ER和PR阳性乳腺癌患者组织中表达显著低于ER和PR阴性乳腺癌患者(P<0.05);PTTG1 mRNA在进展期乳腺癌患者组织中表达显著高于早期乳腺癌患者(P<0.05);PTTG1 mRNA随着乳腺癌患者组织学分级程度升高而降低(P<0.05)。PTTG1低表达乳腺癌患者的预后显著好于其高表达患者(P<0.001);PTTG1高表达的ER和PR阳性、HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者的预后均显著差于其低表达者(P<0.05)。PTTG1高表达乳腺癌样本富集到细胞因子受体相互作用、趋化因子信号通路、细胞周期、自然杀伤细胞介导细胞毒性、Toll样受体信号通路和T细胞受体信号通路等相关基因集。结论:PTTG1 mRNA和蛋白在乳腺癌组织中高表达,PTTG1 mRNA表达与乳腺癌预后相关且在不同分子分型的乳腺癌中具有不同的预后监测意义,可以作为乳腺癌预后判断的标志物。     

非小细胞肺癌中垂体瘤转化基因的表达及临床意义

目的：研究垂体瘤转化基因在非小细胞肺癌组织、肺良性病变组织和正常支气管黏膜上皮组织中的表达,初步探讨其与非小细胞肺癌发生发展,侵袭转移的关系。方法：（1）用SP免疫组化法检测76例临床石蜡组织标本（44例非小细胞肺癌、20例肺良性病变组织和12例正常支气管黏膜上皮组织）中的PTTG蛋白的表达。（2）用RTPCR法分析PTTG mRNA在不同性质肺组织中的表达情况。结果：（1）PTTG蛋白在不同性质肺组织中的表达差别具有明显差异;在TNM分期、淋巴结转移组间差别有统计学意义。（2）PTTG mRNA在不同性质肺组织中的表达差别具有明显差异（P〈0.001）;在TNM分期、淋巴结转移组间差别有统计学意义。结论：细胞肺癌的发生发展及转移有关。     

PTTG和血管生成与结直肠癌的相关性研究

目的研究垂体肿瘤转化基因(PTTG)和血管生成与结直肠癌生物学行为的关系,探讨PTTG的表达与结直肠癌新生血管的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学法,检测120例结直肠癌、30例正常结直肠黏膜中PTTG的表达情况,并测定这些组织中微血管密度(MVD),结合临床病理学指标进行统计学分析。结果 PTTG在结直肠癌患者中阳性表达率为84.17%,其阳性表达率显著高于对照组的6.67%(P0.01);其表达水平与患者Dukes分期及淋巴结转移有关(P0.05)。结直肠癌组织中MVD计数平均为34.75±5.15,显著高于对照组19.10±2.77(P0.01);并与结直肠癌的Dukes分期、有无淋巴结转移有关(P0.05)。PTTG表达阳性病例,其MVD计数普遍高于表达阴性病例;在表达阳性病例中,MVD计数又与其阳性表达强度有关(P0.05)。结论 PTTG表达及微血管密度与结直肠癌生物学特性关系密切;PTTG表达可能促进了结直肠癌肿瘤血管生成;联合检测PTTG和MVD可作为结直肠癌恶性程度及预后指标;抑制PTTG活性有可能为结直肠癌防治开辟新的前景。     

Expressions and their significance of PTTG and PC proteins in glioma

Objective： To investigate the expressions and their relationship of pituitary tumor transforming gene （PTTG） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） in glioma. Methods： The protein expressions of PTTG and PCNA were detected by immunostaining assay using streptavidin-peroxidase （SP） method in 80 cases of glioma. Results： The positive rates of PTTG in grades Ⅰ-Ⅳ gliomas were 56.3%, 68.2%, 80.8%, and 100.0% respectively, and the protein expression of PTTG increased with the increasing of the pathological grade （X^2= 9.602, P 〈 0.05）; The positive rates of PCNA protein were 37.5%, 54.5%, 69.2%, and 93.8% respectively, and the protein expression of PCNA increased with the increasing of the pathological grade （X2 = 12.147, P 〈 0.01）. The expression of PTTG had positive correlation with the expression of PCNA protein （~s = 0.557, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The expressions of PTTG and PCNA proteins were related to malignant degree of glioma, and may cooperate with each other in the tumorigenesis and progression and can be considered as the indicators of the biological behaviors in glioma.     

PTTG-bFGF通路在人脑星形细胞肿瘤中的表达及相关性研究

目的 探讨垂体瘤转化基因(PTTG)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在人脑星形细胞肿瘤中的表达及其意义.方法 免疫组化SP法检测55例人脑星形细胞肿瘤中PTTG、bFGF的表达.结果 各级别肿瘤中均不同程度发现PTTG、bFGF阳性表达,二者表达强度有随肿瘤恶性程度增高而增强的趋势(rS分别为0.8757、0.7557,P＜0.01),PTTG、bFGF的表达呈正相关(rS=0.7520,P＜0.01).结论 PTTG-bFGF通路存在于人脑星形细胞肿瘤中,与肿瘤恶性程度密切相关,二者在胶质瘤的发生及恶性转化中具有重要作用.     

PTEN、Survivin和PTTG与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系

目的探讨抑癌基因（PTEN）、凋亡抑制基因（survivin）、垂体腺瘤转化基因（PTTG）表达与垂体腺瘤侵袭性的关系。方法将49例垂体腺瘤手术标本分为侵袭组与非侵袭组，采用免疫组化SP法。检测PTEN、survivin、PTTG的表达。分析它们在侵袭组与非侵袭组中表达水平的差异性。结果侵袭组中的survivin、PTTG表达明显高于非侵袭组，PTEN表达则相反（P均〈0．05）。survivin与PTEN的表达强度呈负相关：PTTG与survivin的表达强度呈正相关，与PTEN的表达强度呈负相关。结论PTEN、survivin、PTTG表达与垂体腺瘤的侵袭性密切相关，对垂体腺瘤的发生发展起重要作用。