Piracetam in acute stroke: a systematic review

We studied whether the administration of piracetam in acute, presumed ischemic stroke affects case fatality and functional outcome. The Cochrane Stroke Group strategy was used to evaluate all randomized controlled trials of patients with presumed ischemic stroke examined within 48 h; death and (when available) functional outcome were used as end points. Three studies were included; the most recent one contributed more than 97% of the data. There were 501 patients treated with piracetam and 501 controls. Piracetam was associated with a nonsignificant 31% increase in the odds of death (95% CI –5% to 81%). This result was due almost completely to the effect of the larger trial, which, however, reported that the difference in case fatality rate between piracetam and control disappeared after correcting for the imbalance in stroke severity between the two groups. Data on functional outcome were available only for the largest study, and no difference was reported. Data obtained from the manufacturer suggested a nonsignificant trend (–10%) towards reduction in dependency with piracetam (CI –33% to 20%); the proportions of patients dead or dependent in the two groups were the same. Relevant adverse effects were not reported. The evidence from this review does not support routine administration of piracetam in patients with acute ischemic stroke; however, since a possible beneficial effect cannot completely be ruled out, further controlled trials are warranted. Received: 31 August 1999/Received in revised form: 3 November 1999/Accepted: 25 November 1999     

针刀治疗神经根型颈椎病研究概述

神经根型颈椎病在颈部疾患中发病率高,常表现为颈、肩、上肢运动感觉功能障碍,致使中老年人饱受疾患折磨,且该病随着生活、工作方式改变有年轻化发病趋势。西医非手术治疗该病常采取消炎镇痛、缓解神经根水肿等办法,不能有效解除压迫及高应力状态,症状易反复,难以达到患者期望值。而手术治疗风险较大、术后恢复慢且经济负担重,患者接受程度普遍较低。自朱汉章教授1976年创造针刀伊始神经根型颈椎病便是针刀治疗的优势病种。针刀治疗神经根型颈椎病作用机制复杂,在病理生理、临床试验等层面已得到部分阐释。临床操作各有千秋,常表现为进针点定位选择之别。除单纯针刀疗法外,针刀搭配其他治疗方式而衍生出的一系列综合疗法如手法、药物、神经阻滞、针灸等为治疗该病提供了更多选项。经40余年的针刀医学实践阐明,针刀治疗神经根型颈椎病具有独特优势。该文检索中国知网、万方网等数据库有关文献,总结了针刀治疗该病的最新研究进展。现从机理研究、操作方法、方案选择三个方面加以概述,便于为临床提供参考,促进针刀医学的基层推广。     

湿润烧伤膏在肛肠术后的应用现状及机制探讨

【摘要】 随着人们生活水平的提高以及饮食习惯的改变, 肛肠疾病的发病率呈逐年上升趋势。手术是肛肠 疾病最常用的治疗手段, 但肛门周围神经及血运丰富、细菌含量较高, 术后切口易伴随剧烈疼痛以及诱发创面感染等而延缓切口愈合。近年来大量临床研究证实, 湿润烧伤膏能够有效缓解混合痔、肛裂、肛周脓肿以及肛瘘等肛肠疾病术后创面疼痛, 促进创面愈合, 提高患者预后, 疗效显著。该文主要针对湿润烧伤膏在肛肠术后的应用现状及作用机制进行综述, 以期为湿润烧伤膏在肛肠术后创面的临床应用提供理论依据。     

Bella and the white water rapids

Abstract

This article is an exploration of the feeling state engendered in the art psychotherapist when working with a child who had been emotionally and sexually abused. It attempts to discover the meaning of what happened in a therapy when no verbal or thinking interaction could initially take place. It describes the difficulty of finding a way to articulate the fragmented information available, both to bring to consciousness the snippets of memory presented, and to structure them into an organised story.

Thinking appeared to be what the child was desperate to avoid. It was far too painful for her, so anger and abuse were used as a defence. Noise was produced during therapy, so that the artwork, the games and in particular the experience of projective identification could not be thought about. The noise often led to the art psychotherapist being silenced and also unable to think.

Countertransference feelings were communicated, including shame, hatred, love and fear. These were explored to help find meaning, which led to understanding that the child needed to experience attachment to a constant and non-retaliatory Other. This made the experience of both merging and separation from the therapist an enabling space in which to find symbol and thought.     

Cognitive interventions for mild cognitive impairment and dementia: An overview of systematic reviews

PurposeConducting an overview of systematic reviews (SRs)/Meta analyses (MAs) to assess the effectiveness of cognitive interventions on participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia and evaluate the methodological quality of SRs/MAs.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese Biomedical Databases (CBM) were systematically searched from inception to January 1, 2019 to identify SRs/MAs. Three reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies according to the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the quality of evidence.ResultsA total of 22 reviews were included. New meta-analyses (36 RCTs) showed that cognitive interventions were more effective than routine therapies for the alleviation of MCI and dementia symptoms (SMD: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.47, 0.78; I² = 53.9%). The results of AMSTAR-2 showed that the methodological quality of most included studies was critically low, and two reviews were low quality. The lowest score was item 10, none of reviews reported on the sources of funding for the included studies. Followed by the “provide a list of excluded studies and justify the exclusions” item with only one (4.5%) reviews conforming to this item. Results of GRADE manifested that moderate quality evidence was provided in 11 reviews (39.3%), 12 (42.9%) were low quality and 5 (17.8%) were very low.ConclusionThe present SRs/MAs indicated that persons with MCI or dementia could benefit from cognitive interventions. Future trial designs should focus on measuring changes in individual specific cognitive functions. More high-quality evidence is needed to further determine the effectiveness of cognitive interventions.     

《昆山市卫生监督体系现代化建设研究-建设篇》课题概述

《昆山市卫生监督体系现代化建设研究-建设篇》课题概述包括研究背景和意义、研究目标和内容、研究方法和资料来源、资料质量控制和技术路线图。本研究自2012年5月启动,调研历时7个月,对昆山市卫生监督的执法依据和职能任务进行了梳理,对昆山市卫生监督机构(市所和11家分所)的人、财、物、职能开展情况和管理相对人情况等进行普查,旨在了解昆山市卫生监督体系建设的成效,存在的问题,并提出完善昆山市卫生监督体系建设的发展思路,为全国县级卫生监督机构的发展提供参考。     

计算机化认知训练对轻度认知障碍患者干预效果的系统评价再评价

目的 对计算机化认知训练对轻度认知障碍患者干预效果的系统评价再评价,为开展计算机化认知训练提供证据支持。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI）循证卫生保健中心数据库、万方数据库、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库,检索内容涉及计算机化认知训练对轻度认知障碍患者干预效果的系统评价/Meta分析,检索时限为建库至2021年12月。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、分别对纳入的系统评价和结局指标进行质量评价。排除重复的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trials,RCT）,并对主要RCT重新进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入10篇系统评价/Meta分析,系统评价方法学质量评价结果显示,1篇为中等质量,其余均为低或较低质量。结果显示,计算机化认知训练有助于改善轻度认知障碍患者的整体认知功能,但对执行功能、记忆功能、注意功能等的干预效果仍需进一步证实。结论 计算机化认知训练有助于改善轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能,受纳入研究的数量及质量限制,尚需...     

腹腔镜在胃癌根治术中的应用和研究进展

目前,腹腔镜技术因其优点越来越受到临床医师的重视,具有创伤小、恢复快、术后生活质量高等优点,其应用范围随也逐渐扩大。经多年的临床实践证明其在胃癌患者中的应用效果良好,本文就腹腔镜技术在胃癌的诊断、应用及研究进展等作一综述。