列当的生药鉴别

目的 对列当Orobanche caerulescens进行生药学研究.方法 采用性状及显微鉴别的方法,对列当的性状,茎的组织构造和粉末的显微特征进行鉴别.结果 列当茎的横切面由表皮、皮层、维管束和髓组成.外韧型维管束呈深波状环列;木质部细胞全部木化;具较发达的木纤维和明显的髓射线.粉末中可见花粉粒、非腺毛、网纹细胞、淀粉粒、纤维及导管.结论 列当的以上特征可为鉴别其真伪及制定其质量标准提供可靠的依据.     

RP-HPLC同时测定向日葵列当中苯乙醇苷类化合物crenatoside和类叶升麻苷

目的:建立同时测定向日葵列当中crenatoside和类叶升麻苷含量的HPLC法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)柱,以乙腈-0.01%冰醋酸溶液(18∶82)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长330 nm,柱温30℃,在30 min内分离检测了这两种化合物。结果:RP-HPLC测定的crenatoside和类叶升麻苷线性范围分别在在1.08~16.2μg(r=0.999 9)和1.00~15.0μg(r=0.999 8),平均加样回收率分别为97.23%,96.27%,RSD分别为1.21%,1.66%。结论:该方法简便,精密度、重复性良好,结果准确可靠,可以作为向日葵列当及其相关制剂的质量控制。     

草苁蓉环烯醚萜苷对兔VX2移植瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的作用

[目的]探讨草苁蓉环烯醚萜苷(IGBR)对兔VX2移植瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.[方法]将VX2移植瘤兔分为模型对照组、氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)组和IGBR小、大剂量组.于建立模型第4d开始给药,小、大剂量IGBR组按照每日50,100mg/kg的剂量连续灌胃给药21d,5-Fu组按照每日25mg/kg的剂量隔日腹腔注射给药3次.实验末期,提取瘤体标本进行病理学观察,采用TUNEL法观察肿瘤细胞凋亡,免疫组织化学法检测移植瘤细胞Bcl-2,Bax及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达情况.[结果]IGBR可显著抑制肿瘤细胞PCNA表达,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,并降低Bcl-2蛋白表达和增高Bax蛋白表达.[结论]抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡可能是IGBR抑制肿瘤生长作用机制之一.     

紫花列当化学成分的研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术分离紫花列当(Orobanche coerulescens Steph)中的化学成分,通过波谱分析及理化性质鉴定化合物的结构:甘露醇(Ⅰ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅱ)、琥珀酸(Ⅲ)、咖啡酸(Ⅳ)、原儿茶醛(Ⅴ)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅵ)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。     

Orobanche foetida resistance in two new faba bean genotypes produced by radiation mutagenesis

Purpose: Broomrape produces serious damage to many legume crops and, particularly, becomes a limiting factor for faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production in the Mediterranean basin. Currently, several traditional methods of control have been developed, but none has proved to be effective for this parasite. However, breeding for resistance to this pest remains as one of the most feasible and environment-friendly methods for managing broomrape, but the mechanisms governing the interaction between the parasite and the host are not yet well understood. Therefore, we studied the behavior and molecular and enzymatic changes associated with the resistance to Orobanche foetida in faba bean mutants, which were obtained through radiation mutagenesis.

Materials and methods: Three faba bean genotypes were used in this study, the variety ‘Badï’, characterized by high productivity in Orobanche-free soils and susceptibility to O. foetida, and two mutant lines P2M3 and P7M3 (derived from radio mutagenesis program), selected for their higher resistance to O. foetida in a field evaluation. The infection progress and the relative changes in the co-culture response, the enzymatic activities changes and the efficiency of the root extract stimulants from the host plant were followed and evaluated in all the genotypes.

Results: Experiments showed that low induction of seed germination is a major component of resistance in these lines against O. foetida. This is confirmed by the in vitro experiments with root exudates. The parallel reduction in infection was accompanied by the continuous enhancement of the peroxidase activity, the polyphenol oxidase activity and the phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in faba bean roots.

Conclusion: These data suggest the contribution of these enzymes in faba bean resistance to O. foetida broomrape induced by the use of gamma rays. Management of Orobanche by way of crop selection, based on these enzyme systems is a possible option.     

Pharmacological effects of phenylpropanoid glycosides from Orobanche hederae

A purified extract of Orobanche hederae, composed of two phenylpropanoid glycosides, verbascoside and orobanchoside (55:45), was investigated for its pharmacological profile. The extract did not exert significant changes on the nociceptive threshold in the hot plate test; no effect was registered on guinea-pig ileum. On the other hand, the phenylpropanoid glycoside mixture significantly prolonged sleep induced by pentobarbital and affected locomotor activity in mice; it also produced a slowing of the electroencephalographic trace and induced, when injected in the lateral cerebral ventricle, epileptiform activity in male rabbits. These effects may suggest neuroleptic-like properties.     

黄花列当的生药学研究

目的:研究黄花列当的生药鉴定特征。方法:在植物分类学方法鉴定的基础上,对黄花列当的性状、显微进行鉴别研究。结果:详细描述了黄花列当的生药学鉴定特征。结论:研究结果为该药的鉴别、开发利用及补充生药学资料提供参考依据。     

欧亚列当提取物的药效学研究

本文首次对欧亚列当提取物进行了药效学研究,结果表明：欧亚列当具有抗疲劳、增强免疫及雄激素样作用,欧亚列当有条件作为滋补强壮药的新资源进行开发。     

列当中1个新的苯乙醇苷类化合物

为进一步了解列当Orobanche coerulescens全草的化学成分。采用大孔树脂柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱和反相ODS柱色谱等色谱分离技术对列当O.coerulescens全草中的化学成分进行了系统地分离和纯化,通过NMR和MS等波谱学方法确定了分离得到的化合物的化学结构。从列当全草的50%乙醇提取物中分离得到1个新的苯乙醇苷类化合物,鉴定为2-(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)-乙醇-1-O-[(1→3)-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-4,6-O-二阿魏酰基]-β-D-葡萄糖苷。化合物1为新的苯乙醇苷类化合物,命名为列当苷B。经抑菌活性筛选,列当苷B具有一定的抑菌活性,为列当的主要活性成分之一,为该药材进一步活性研究和质量标准研究奠定了基础。     

蒙药列当的化学成分研究

目的:研究蒙药列当(Orobanche coerulescens Steph)的化学成分,为进一步明确其中的有效成分奠定基础。方法:利用普通硅胶柱色谱、大孔树脂柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20色谱技术及重结晶等方法进行分离、纯化,并利用波谱技术和理化性质确定了化合物的结构。结果:从中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为:甘露醇①,β-谷甾醇②,豆甾醇③,二十烷酸-1-甘油酯④,β-胡萝卜苷⑤,琥珀酸⑥,Crenatoside⑦,麦角甾苷⑧,D-松醇⑨。结论:其中化合物③,④,⑦,⑧,⑨为首次从该植物中获得。