Fatal intoxications in Denmark following intake of morphine from opium poppies

Summary In Denmark it is legal to grow opium poppies for the production of poppy seeds and until 1986 for decoration purposes, too. Danish poppy capsules contain 0.3–5 mg morphine per capsule and the content of morphine in opium exuded from the capsules may amount to 24%. This has resulted in misuse as both fresh and dried poppy capsules have been used for the production of opium tea. During the period 1982–1985, seven casualties occurred among drug addicts in Denmark which were solely or partly caused by these opium poppies.     

Changes in place of origin of heroin seized in Denmark from 1981 to 1986

Summary Hundred thirty-eight samples of heroin weighing more than 0.1g seized between 1981 and 1986 were characterized according to their contents of opium alkaloids, adulterants, and diluents together with their form and color. The chemical fingerprint was used to establish a change in the heroin during the period. As compared to the first few years covered by the survey, a predominant number of the samples at the end of the period were in the base form and contained the opium alkaloids papaverine and noscapine. In particular, the concentration of noscapine as related to the heroin content of each sample had increased considerably, indicating Pakistan or Iran as being the places of origin of most of the heroin seized in Denmark at the end of the period.     

玉津酒治疗大鼠佐剂性关节炎及免疫学的观察

目的:探讨玉津药酒对大鼠佐剂性关节炎(AA)治疗效果及免疫学改变.方法:以完全弗氏佐剂诱导大鼠AA模型,灌胃服用玉津酒,观察AA大鼠病症改善情况及对免疫功能的影响.结果:在诱导AA模型前灌胃服用玉津酒,可推迟大鼠AA的发病时间,降低发病率,减轻关节炎症状;在大鼠发生AA后服用玉津酒,可明显抑制关节炎症程度;服用玉津酒可抑制AA大鼠T、B淋巴细胞增殖反应及IL-1活性.结论:玉津酒是通过机体免疫调节达到对AA的预防和治疗作用.     

中药百部酊治疗阴虱病50例

用中药百部于医用酒精中浸泡一周，制成百部酊，局部涂探治疗阴虱病，共治50例，9天为1个疗程，全部治愈。     

复方蚁酒的抗炎补肾阳作用研究

复方蚁酒能明显抑制二甲苯、琼脂引起的小鼠耳、足肿胀、抑制蛋清引起的大鼠足肿胀和佐剂性关节炎，并能对抗氢化考的松引起的肾阳虚症，同时还具有增强免疫功能的作用。     

Drug Use and Drug Policy in Hong Kong: Changing Patterns and New Challenges

This paper is a sociohistorical examination of drug misuse and drug policy in Hong Kong. It briefly traces the history of drug policy since Hong Kong became a colony of Britain in the nineteenth century, and then highlights the major drug issues that have emerged in the past several decades. Drug policy in Hong Kong has gone through three stages, from “Government Opium Monopoly” (1841–1945) to “The Prohibition Era” (1946–1960) to “Enlightened Prohibition” (1961–1995). The evolution in drug policy is analyzed in the light of both domestic and international social, economic, and political forces affecting Hong Kong. The major drug issue in the past two decades has been the trends of rising levels of drug use among young people and the increasing popularity of psychoactive drugs among young drug users. It is argued that these trends may be understood in terms of rapid social change resulting from industrialization and socioeconomic growth since the 1960s, and the presence of conditions favorable to the demand and supply of psychoactive drugs. Lastly, major challenges to future drug policy in Hong Kong are discussed. [Translations are provided in the International Abstracts Section of this issue.]     

Harms caused by China's 1906–17 opium suppression intervention

Between 1906 and 1917 China (under the Imperial and then Republican regimes) enacted a highly effective intervention to suppress the production of opium. Evidence from British Foreign Office records suggest that the intervention was centred, in many areas, upon a highly repressive incarnation of law enforcement in which rural populations had their property destroyed, their land confiscated and/or were publically tortured, humiliated and executed. Crops were forcefully eradicated and resistance was often brutally suppressed by the military. As few farmers received compensation or support for alternative livelihood creation the intervention pushed many deeper into poverty. Importantly, the repressive nature of the opium ban appears to have been a contributing factor to the fragmentation of China, highlighting the counter-productivity of repressive interventions to reduce drug crop production.     

中西医结合治疗烧烫伤临床研究

目的：探讨中西医结合法治疗烧烫伤的临床疗效。方法：选取100例Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度烧烫伤患者,随机分为对照组50例、治疗组50例,对照组运用常规法处理,治疗组在对照组基础上予以中药烧伤2号酊做内敷料,外用棉垫包扎。观察两组患者临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗组有效率为96％,平均显效病程为4．1 d;对照组有效率为60％,平均显效病程为7．8 d,两组有效率及平均显效病程比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：中西医结合法治疗烧烫伤具有良好的临床效果。文献引用：唐政．中西医结合治疗烧烫伤临床研究[J]．中医学报,2015,30（5）：668－669．     

碘酊棉球填塞法急诊治疗牙龈出血的效果评价

目的:评价碘酊棉球填塞法急诊治疗牙龈出血的疗效。方法 :应用饱和2.5%碘酊溶液的棉球,对108例牙龈出血的急诊病例,进行填塞和压迫止血,观察15～30min,评价止血效果。结果:15min控制出血72例,占66.67%;30min控制出血36例,占33.33%。有效率达100%。结论:碘酊棉球填塞法急诊治疗牙龈出血方法简便、疗效可靠、复发率低,是一种有效的急诊止血方法。     

Effect of opium dependency on secondary intention wound healing in a rat model: an experimental study

Opium dependency is a social and health problem in some middle eastern countries like Iran. Many of these people may require surgery. This study investigates the effects of opium dependency on histological parameters of secondary intention wound healing in rat. A full‐thickness wound (2 × 2 cm in diameters) was created on the dorsum of two groups of rats, a normal control group and a second group of rat depended to opium (Badawy's method). Several times during 14 days postwounding, the wound was excised with peripheral margins of normal skin and was evaluated for cellular population, reepithelialisation and revascularisation. Results are presented as the mean ± standard error. Data were compared by an unpaired t‐test or analysis of variance. Histological examination of the wound tissue showed evidence of increased population of fibroblasts, decreased recruitment of neutrophile and plateau of macrophage cells in opium depended animals comparing with control group. In the depended animals, reepithelialisation was seen to be enhanced significantly, while prohibiting progression of revascularisation. This study shows that opium dependency enhances reepitheliazation as well as tissue recruitment of fibroblasts; thereby probable enhancement of secondary intention wound healing.