不同年龄,职业及文化程度人群心身健康特点的研究

探讨我国不同年龄、职业及文化程度的心身健康特点。方法根据我国人口学资料分层抽样，采用标准化的中国心身健康量表进行人群心身健康测查。结果（１）以５５～６４，２５～３４及４５～５４岁年龄组，离退休人员、干部及技术人员的心身健康量表分均较高，工人及军人次之，而农民心身健康各量表分最低；（２）初、高中者心身健康各量表分较高，大学次之，小学最低。结论我国不同年龄、职业及文化程度的心身健康状况不同。     

Trusting patients, trusting nurses

Abstract  The general expectation that patients should be willing to trust nurses is rarely explored or challenged despite claims of diminishing public trust in social and professional institutions. Everyday meanings of trust take account of circumstance and suggest that our understanding of what it means to trust is contextually bound. However, in the context of health care, to trust implies a particular understanding which becomes apparent when abuses of this trust are reported and acknowledged as scandals. The predominant assumption in the literature that trust is something that occurs between equally competent adults cannot explain trust in nursing precisely because of the unequal power relationships between patients on the one hand and healthcare professionals on the other. Moreover, the tendency to conflate terms such as trust, reliance, confidence and so on suggests that confusion permeates discussions of trust in nursing. In this paper, I argue in support of Annette Baier's requirement of good will (or lack of ill will) as the essential feature of trust, and outline how this account (i) enables us to make the necessary distinctions between trust on the one hand and 'trust pretenders' on the other; and (ii) lays the foundations for understanding trust in relationships, such as those between patients and nurses, where power differentials exist.     

武汉市民遗体捐赠意愿因素的问卷调查与分析

目的:了解武汉市民的捐献意愿及影响不同阶层市民捐献意愿的主要因素.方法:对武汉市武昌区10个社区的居民进行随机访问,并发放问卷,然后对问卷进行对比研究分析总结.内容:法制因素、情感因素、传统观念、社会舆论等.结果:法制因素和情感因素为最显著因素.结论:武汉市对遗体捐献进行立法是非常正确的,但要想收到预期的效果还应加大遗体捐献知识的宣传普及力度.     

An Autopsy Case of Peritoneal Malignant Mesothelioma in a Radiation Technologist

A case of peritoneal maligant mesothelioma in a radiation technologist, who had worked in this field for 34 years, is reported. Histopathologically, a biopsy specimen from the retroperitoneal tumor revealed a biphasic type of malignant mesothelioma. Electron microscopy disclosed that the tumor cells contained prominent microvilli, basal laminae adjacent to the stroma, junctional complexes, desmosomes, tonofilaments, clusters of glycogen granules, welt developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), confronting cisternae showing direct continuity with the RER and membrane-bound granules suggestive of secretory activity. No increased amount of asbestos was detected in autopsied lung material or the peritoneal mesothelioma. The estimated cumulative dose of occupational irradiation was calculated to be about 40 to 50 rad at most. Irradiation was discussed in relation to the etiology of the peritoneal mosothelioma. Acta Pathol Jpn 40: 57–62, 1990.     

单细胞凝胶电泳在遗传学损伤检测中的应用

单细胞凝胶电泳或彗星试验是在暴露人群中评价遗传学损伤的新式方法。这种分析可以快速的探测单一细胞中不同形式的DNA损伤，因此适于在暴露人群分析应用。本文将对彗星试验在临床研究及监测职业、环境、合理饮食、生活方式等对DNA损伤的危险性，以及在DNA损伤与修复研究中的应用等方面进行综述。     

Knee pain and its associations with age,sex, obesity,occupation and living conditions in rural inhabitants of Japan

Factors associated with knee pain were investigated using 871 self-administered questionnaires (405 men and 466 women) from residents aged over 30 years in a rural area of Japan. The prevalence of knee pain increased with age, particularly in women over 50. It was significantly higher in women than in men. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly related to knee pain in women, though not in men. With reference to occupational factors, frequent heavy lifting on the job was significantly associated with knee pain in both men and women, whereas job-related standing and walking showed no such relationship. As for living conditions, residence on rather steep mountain slopes and the habit of sitting on Japanese tatami mats were significant factors related to knee pain in men, but not in women. There was no association of knee pain with the style of toilet (Japanese or Western). After controlling for all significant factors by multiple logistic regression analysis, age, heavy lifting, and residence on steep slopes were found to be independent factors related to knee pain in men; and age, BMI, and heavy lifting were the factors in women.     

职业接触烹调油烟者某些生物标志物的变化

目的探讨烹调油烟对职业接触人群健康损害的早期生物标志物。方法分析职业接触组46名男性饭店厨师,对照组28名男性饭店管理人员外周血淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体交换(SCE)和微核(MN)的变化。结果接触组SCE的平均值为7.37,对照组SCE平均值为4.17,协方差分析调整吸烟、饮酒等混杂因子后,两组SCE差异仍然存在显著性(P=0.0001),多因素逐步回归分析表明,接触组人群的SCE水平随接触年限的延长而升高。接触组工人微核检出阳性率和微核细胞率分别为52.17%、2.37‰,都明显高于对照组的17.86%和0.75‰(P<0.01)。结论职业接触烹调油烟者SCE和MN有变化。     

抑郁症状与职业紧张的关系

目的探讨职业人群抑郁症状与职业紧张的关系。方法采用流行病学调查用抑郁自评量表测评心理健康,使用职业紧张测量工具测量职业紧张因素、个性特征、社会支持和应付策略,调查年龄、工龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状态等资料。使用χ2检验、协方差分析和多元逐步回归分析方法对数据进行分析。结果肯定有抑郁症状者占40.2%。总平均分为21.74±8.99。河南地区肯定抑郁症状发生率为43.8%、河北39.4%、北京23.4%。男性肯定抑郁症状发生率为43.0%、女性为35.4%。低年龄组肯定抑郁症状发生率高于高年龄组。离婚、丧偶者等肯定抑郁症状发生率明显高于已婚和未婚者。初、高中(中专)学历者肯定抑郁症状发生率明显高于硕士以上者。多数职业人群抑郁症状发生率在30%以上。不同地区、性别、文化程度、婚姻状态和职业组间肯定抑郁症状发生率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。肯定抑郁症状者物理环境、工作冲突、角色模糊、角色冲突技术利用、工作单调、心理负荷、对人负责、工作前景、工作危险、A型行为、工作心理控制源、社会支持评分均明显高于无抑郁症状者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),而提升机会、参与程度、工作自主性、任务一致性、绩效反馈、友谊机会、速度控制、必需的技术、培训充分性、工作挑战性、自尊感、组织忠诚度、应付策略评分则明显低于无抑郁症状者,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.01)。有15个变量进入了回归方程,可解释抑郁症状评分变异的33.1%。结论目前我国职业人群的心理健康问题比较严重,职业紧张因素和个性特征等对心理健康存在着影响。