Exogastric neurilemmoma presenting as acute abdomen: Role of computed tomography in diagnosis

A case of subserosal gastric neurilemmoma is hereby presented. This reported case is unique in its clinical presentation including the appearance of acute abdomen and fever subsequent to unremarkable and uneventful upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The tendency of neurilemmoma to cause mucosal ulceration with fistula formation probably led to this clinical presentation. The role of computed tomography in establishing diagnosis of exogastric tumor is emphasized.     

臂丛神经鞘瘤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）在臂丛神经鞘瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法 分析36例经手术和病理证实的臂丛神经鞘瘤术前MRI表现。观察内容包括病变部位、肿块大小、边界、信号、强化特征及范围。结果 MRI能清晰显示臂丛神经的根、干及分支，表现为线状低信号影。36例臂丛神经鞘瘤平均直径为4．9cm，均表现为沿臂丛神经根生长的肿块，其中30例表现为边界清楚的纺锤形或长圆形肿块。MRI显示．16例表现为均匀的T1WI低或等信号（与肌肉相比），T2WI高信号，增强后中等度强化；20例T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈不均匀高信号，内见低信号区，所谓的“靶征”，增强后明显强化。结论 臂丛神经鞘瘤具有特征性的发生部位、形态学表现及MRI信号特点，对本病能提供准确的诊断依据。     

CT在三叉神经瘤诊断中的价值

目的探讨CT在三叉神经瘤诊断中的价值。方法搜集经手术和病理学证实的三叉神经瘤12例,行CT平扫及静脉注射60％泛影葡胺或优维显增强扫描。结果12例中表现为特征性哑铃形3例,类哑铃形6例,类圆形3例。肿瘤呈混杂密度、均匀密度或等密度,均无钙化及水肿。结论CT对三叉神经瘤的定位、定性及岩骨和颅底骨的异常改变具有重要的诊断价值。     

Intraoperative ultrasonography of extramedullary spinal tumours

Summary Intraoperative spinal sonography (IOSS) was performed in 28 patients with extramedullary spinal tumours. Images were obtained of 31 tumours, because 2 patients had multiple tumours. There were 17 neurilemmomas, 9 meningiomas and 2 dermoid, cysts. All tumours appeared well-defined and highly echogenic. There was no difficulty differentiating extramedullary spinal tumours from intramedullary nasses excepting case, a big neurilemmoma at the conus medullaris. All images were assessed with reference to the surface of the lesions, the existence of cysts, and movement. Neurilemmomas had smooth surfaces, some cysts, and exhibited a floating movement. Meningiomas had irregular surfaces, were more highly echogenic than neurilemmomas, and adhered tightly to the dura mater. However, some neurilemmomas and meningiomas did not have these, and it was not always possible to differentiate them. Although, IOSS has limitations of resolution, it gave useful information about the size of the tumours, the degree of displacement of the spinal cord, and even about the type of tumour in some cases. It was extremely helpful to the surgeon.     

面神经管裂缺处面神经组织学观察

目的探讨先天性面神经管裂处神经外膜缺陷可能引起的病理学改变。方法采用光学显微镜对美国明尼苏达大学颞骨病理实验室１５２６具颞骨连续切片的面神经颞骨全程进行组织病理学观察。结果发现先天性面神经管裂者８８５耳，其中４８耳在管裂处神经外膜缺损，其中４０耳面神经从管裂处疝出，有１３耳在管裂处形成外生性面神经鞘瘤。３耳在管裂处面神经受炎性细胞浸润。而管裂处有神经外膜覆盖的８３７耳均未见此类病变。结论面神经管裂处神经外膜的缺损是此处面神经疝出、外生性神经鞘瘤形成和面神经易于受炎症浸润的组织解剖学原因。     

颞骨内微型面神经鞘瘤病理研究

目的探讨颞骨内微型面神经鞘瘤的原发部位和病理行为。方法用光镜对８１５人（１５２６侧）颞骨连续切片进行面神经颞骨内全程组织病理学观察。结果发现未诊断的无症状微型ＡｎｔｏｎｉＡ型面神经鞘瘤１５人（１７耳），占１．８４％。依其病理行为特征分为外生性（１３耳，起自面神经管裂处神经束膜，并向管外生长）和内生性（４耳，起自面神经主干）两种类型。肿瘤起自迷路段者２耳，水平段１２耳，第二膝段１耳，垂直段２耳。结论将颞骨内面神经鞘瘤分为内生性和外生性两种类型有重要的病理和临床意义，有助于手术目的的确定和手术方法的设计     

Neurilemmoma of cervical sympathetic chain

Neurilemmoma of the cervical sympathetic chain is a rare nerve tumour. Less than 40 confirmed cases have been reported in the literature.1 2 Sometimes they can he mistaken as carotid body tumour but usual presentation of these lesions is an asymptomatic neck mass. Because of the rarity of the tumour we report another case of neurilemmoma arising from cervical sympathetic chain in a 19 years old male.     

三叉神经鞘瘤的临床分型及其手术疗效分析

目的探讨三叉神经鞘瘤的临床分型及其手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年11月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科手术治疗的51例(包括少见部位和肿瘤最大径≥6 cm的患者)三叉神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料。根据Yoshida和Kawase的MPE分型分别采用颞下经岩前入路(30例)、经额颞断颧弓入路(12例)、经额眶颧人路(4例)、经枕下乙状窦后入路(2例)、经乙状窦前入路(2例)和经远外侧入路(1例)。术后随访MRI、新发症状及脑神经功能的恢复情况。结果51例患者中,肿瘤全切除46例(90.2%),近全切除4例,大部切除1例,无手术死亡病例。其中6例中线-鞍上扩展亚型的患者,肿瘤全切除2例,近全切除3例,大部切除1例。7例肿瘤直径≥6 cm的患者中,肿瘤全切除6例,肿瘤卒中1例;其中4例行游离脂肪填塞结合颅底硬膜缝合的颅底重建。51例患者的随访时间为(20.2±2.7)个月(3~38个月)。24例术前面部麻木的患者中,12例(50.0%)随访期间仍存在重度三叉神经麻搏表现。51例患者中,有13例(25.5%)术后新发三叉神经功能异常的患者中,7例随访期间遗留轻度三叉神经麻搏症状。其余脑神经症状较术前有所恢复,并且术后新发神经功能障碍者大多恢复正常。6例中线-鞍上扩展亚型的患者术后神经功能恢复较差。结论三叉神经鞘瘤在MPE分型的基础上可增加中线-鞍上扩展亚型,该亚型相对少见,但其临床表现具有特征性,手术全切除困难。手术对于改善三叉神经鞘瘤面部麻木作用有限,术前伴有面部麻木者三叉神经功能预后较差。     

复杂血管毗邻的腹膜后神经鞘瘤的手术切除2例报告

目的报道2例严重压迫下腔静脉、右肾静脉等血管的腹膜后神经鞘瘤手术成功切除病例,分析其临床诊治现状。 方法对2例患者通过三维重建和其他影像学检查进行术前诊断、手术治疗、术后病理确诊,术后进行随访。 结果2例患者均完整切除病灶,无周围血管及脏器损伤,术后病理证实为腹膜后神经鞘瘤,随访无复发。 结论腹膜后神经鞘瘤较罕见,术前诊断困难,确诊需通过组织病理学。体积较大、复杂血管毗邻的良性肿瘤仍可以手术完整切除,且预后良好,复发率低。