大咯血的急诊外科治疗

目的　总结 4 4a急诊手术治疗大咯血经验。方法　回顾性研究 195 8～ 2 0 0 1年在本院急诊手术的 89例大咯血患者 ,收集临床表现、诊断方法、原发病因、治疗和结果等相关资料。结果　 85 4 %病例的X线表现与出血部位一致 ,其它诊断方法 (支气管镜、CT、血管造影术等 )作为重要补充。由于 1982年后的早期外科干预 ,术前咯血总量、咯血平均量和低血压、休克发生比例较前明显减少 ,术后并发症从 1982年前的 2 2 2 %降至 17 1% ,围手术期死亡率从 9 3%降至 0。急诊全肺切除术并发症 ( 2 3 3% )高于肺叶切除术 ( 15 2 % )。在过去 4 4a肺结核一直是大咯血的主要原发病因。结论　符合新的外科治疗标准的患者应及早手术 ;选择切除范围要保守 ,首选叶切     

善宁治疗顽固性大咯血疗效观察

目的 评价善宁对顽固性大咯血的疗效。方法 将55例传统药物抢救无效或有禁忌的大咯血分为治疗组（善宁）与对照组（立止血组），观察24—72h的止血效果。结果 治疗组总有效率为92％，对照组为70％，两组比较有显著差异p〈0．05（x^2=4．125）。结论 善宁治疗大咯血疗效显著，使用安全，不良反应少，值得临床推广应用。     

Arterial embolization as preoperative treatment for pulmonary aspergillosis with hemoptysis

Pulmonary aspergillosis associated with old tuberculosis is generally resistant to treatment. Thus, if patients are treated only with conservative therapy, their condition continues to deteriorate due to repetitive hemoptysis, and may even become critical. Surgical treatment is required for these patients; however, it is extremely difficult to resect the lesion due to severe adhesions to the chest wall and vascular proliferation surrounding the lesion. We performed preoperative arterial embolization, achieving good results in three patients with hemoptysis caused by pulmonary aspergillosis. The feeding arteries were embolized using microcoils and/or gelatin sponges, and a lobectomy was safely carried out in all patients. We concluded that preoperative arterial embolization is a safe and effective technique to prevent massive hemorrhage occurring at the time of surgery. This work was presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery, held in Kyoto, Japan, May 13–14, 1994     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血

总结支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)治疗大咯血 84例,即时止血 78例,5例咯血明显减少,有效率 98.8％(83/84),1例止血无效。无严重并发症发生。认为(BAE)是目前治疗大咯血安全有效的治疗方法。     

强的松辅助治疗顽固性肺结核小咯血临床观察

目的:观察强的松辅助治疗顽固性肺结核小咯血的临床疗效及不良反应.方法:采用开放随机方法对强的松与其他止血药治疗肺结核小咯血48例进行对比观察.结果:加用强的松组治疗3天有效率(83.3%)明显高于对照组(29.2%),两组差异有显著性(P<0.01).结论:短期合理使用强的松辅助治疗顽固性肺结核小咯血疗效确切,无明显不良反应.     

中西医结合治疗肺痨咯血72例临床观察

目的观察中西医结合治疗肺痨咯血的疗效.方法将肺痨咯血患者属肺阴亏损证者138例随机分成两组.治疗组72例用抗痨 中药(月华化血丹) 山莨菪碱治疗;对照组66例用抗痨 止血药(对羧基苄胺、安特诺新)治疗,观察比较其疗效.结果止血疗效治疗组总有效率为95.83%,对照组为75.76%,治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.001).肺痨治愈率中初治涂阳治愈率治疗组为98.1%,对照组为83.3%,治疗组优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论中西医结合治疗肺痨咯血见效快、疗效确切.     

早期左心衰竭误诊肺部疾患20例分析

目的观察评价慢性心衰患者肺部特殊表现发生情况并探讨其临床意义及病理生理特点。方法对20例以肺部表现为首发症状的慢性心功能不全者的主要临床症状、肺部影像学改变、治疗和转归等综合分析。结果20例中胸闷气短19例,咳嗽15例,咯黄白痰12例,咯血痰1例,大咯血6例,劳力性呼吸困难5例,夜间阵发性呼吸困难7例。心功能分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级17(85%)例,Ⅲ级3例(15%)。16例(80%)分别以咯血、肺炎、胸腔积液、肺心病、肺部感染入呼吸科。胸片主要表现为双下肺为重的两肺纹理增多、紊乱、模糊,部分伴单侧或双侧胸腔积液。胸腔积液者14例;肺部阴影者8例,其中疑诊为肺癌者3例。咳嗽咳痰、胸水、肺部阴影及咯血经抗生素或缩血管药物治疗效果不佳,改用强心、利尿和/或扩血管治疗后均收到理想效果。结论早期心功能不全的表现极不典型,特别是以肺部表现为主时极易误诊为肺部炎症、肿瘤和支气管扩张。当这些患者有心脏病基础时,应首先除外早期心功能不全,以利及早治疗。     

Value of CT-Angiography in the Emergency Management of Severe Hemoptysis

Objective To depict imaging anatomy of bronchial artery (BA) using multidetector CT-angiography (MDCTA) and evaluate the value of MDCTA for management of hemoptysis patients requiring admission to emergency room.