米索前列醇联合依沙吖啶在中晚期妊娠引产中的临床应用

目的 探讨米索前列醇联合依沙吖啶在中晚期妊娠引产中的应用效果。方法 选取西安交通大学附属3201医院2012年1月—2017年12月收治的138例中晚期妊娠引产患者，按引产方式分为对照组、观察组，各69例。对照组使用乳酸依沙吖啶注射液进行引产，观察组在对照组的基础上联合使用米索前列醇进行引产。比较两组引产效果、胎儿娩出时间、阴道出血量及不良反应的发生情况。结果 观察组引产有效率是100%，显著高于对照组的91.75%（P<0.05）。观察组胎儿娩出时间<35 h的人数占比显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者阴道出血量显著低于对照组（P<0.05），两组不良反应的发生率间差异不显著。结论 米索前列醇联合依沙吖啶在中晚期妊娠引产中的效果较好，可显著提高引产有效率、缩短胎儿娩出时间，值得临床应用。     

米索前列醇预防剖宫产后出血344例临床观察

目的:观察米索前列醇预防剖宫产手术后出血的临床效果。方法:随机将有剖宫产手术指征的344例孕妇分为3组,分别为在胎儿娩出后给予米索前列醇200mg舌下含化(A组)、缩宫素静脉滴注及子宫肌层注射(B组)和对照组(C组,不给予任何药物),观察产后不同时间的出血量。结果:产后出血量及出血发生率A、B组均明显少于C组(P<0·05)。结论:米索前列醇对分娩后子宫具有较好的收缩作用,且给药方便、安全性较好。     

米索前列醇用于正常足月妊娠计划分娩临床效果分析

目的:研究米索前列醇促宫颈成熟、诱发临产的效果及用药量。方法:将200例正常足月孕妇随机分为催产素组(对照组)100例和米索前列醇组(观察组)100例。结果:①引产有效率观察组明显高于对照组;②米索前列醇用药1天有效率为91％,用药量为100.54±25.27μg;2天有效率为97％,用药量为108.76±63.53μg;③孕妇产后出血及剖宫产率两组无显著差异;④羊水混浊发生率,观察组高于对照组差异有显著性;新生儿窒息率,两组相同,差异无显著性。结论:米索前列醇促宫颈成熟及诱发临产效果明显好于催产素,用于正常足月妊娠进行计划分娩是一种安全、有效、方便的方法,值得推广。     

小水囊在小月份中期妊娠引产中的应用价值

目的探讨两种引产方法在小月份中期妊娠中的应用。方法40例年龄18．35岁，停经12．17wk，要求引产的病例随机分为两组各20例，分别用米非司酮配伍米索前列醇引产，米非司酮配伍米索加用小水囊联合引产终止妊娠。结果两种引产方法对比分析，从引产至临产时间、总产程、出血量及失败率、住院时间比较，差异有显著性，从清宫率和感染率方面比较，两组无显著差异。结论双米加用小水囊应用于小月份中孕引产是一种高效、安全、经济的引产手段，值得临床推广。     

Misoprostol in preventing postpartum hemorrhage: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess misoprostol's ability to prevent postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) where no alternatives exist. Comparison to oxytocics demonstrates how similarly misoprostol achieves a level of effectiveness-obtainable only in hospitals-in remote locations around the world. METHOD: Using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model and the DerSirmonian and Laird random-effects model, summary statistics indicated that misoprostol's excess risk of PPH was only 4% when compared to oxytocics. RESULT: This risk difference was well within the range of expected results for all uterotonic agents and does not warrant branding misoprostol as an inferior drug. CONCLUSION: Conventional uterotonic drugs should not be used to set the lowest-accepted level of effectiveness in settings where they are entirely unsuitable. Continuing to weigh the benefits of one effective drug against another only delays the distribution of misoprostol in countries where it is the only feasible choice and must be measured against no treatment at all.     

Postpartum hemorrhage today: ICM/FIGO initiative 2004-2006.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the main cause of maternal mortality. Yet, even though solutions have been identified, governments and donor countries have been slow to implement programs to contain the problem. While poverty and low educational level remain the underlying cause of PPH, the current literature suggests that active management of the third stage of labor can prevent it. The International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) are attempting to address the chronic PPH crisis by educating their members on best practices and on troubleshooting where resources are inadequate. Some studies found oxytocin to be preferable to misoprostol in settings where active management is the norm. However, secondary clinical effects may prove more troublesome with oxytocin than with misoprostol, and misoprostol may prove to be more practical and equally effective in low-resource settings. Two new interventions are also proposed, the anti-shock garment and the balloon tamponade.     

《2020 ACOG实践简报:孕龄≤70 d药物流产(No.225)》解读

药物流产(MA)是早孕期避孕失败的补救措施,主要药物为米非司酮和米索前列醇,二者联合使用,可使早孕期孕妇完全终止妊娠率达到90%。但是,MA导致的患者阴道流血时间长、量多,甚至阴道大流血,而需采取急诊刮宫术治疗等,尚未被彻底解决。如何安全、有效终止早孕期妊娠,保护女性生殖健康是目前国内外该领域的研究重点。美国妇产科医师学学会(ACOG)发布的《2020 ACOG实践简报:孕龄≤70 d药物流产(No.225)》对早孕期孕妇终止妊娠,具有重要指导作用。笔者拟就该简报对MA用于孕龄≤70 d孕妇的临床效果评估,MA用药方案、禁忌证、适应证,MA前咨询和检查,MA疼痛管理,MA后观察、预防性抗菌药物使用、随访管理、避孕措施9个方面基于循证医学推荐进行解读。     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇在中期妊娠引产中的应用

为了探讨米非司酮配伍米索前列醇在中期妊娠引产中的疗效 ,观察组 68例用米非司酮配伍米索前列醇引产 ,对照组 60例用利凡诺引产 ,观察两组从规律宫缩至胎儿娩出时间 .结果 :观察组从规律宫缩至胎儿娩出时间孕 2 0周前及孕 2 0周后分别是 ( 6 5± 0 5 2 )h和 ( 7 6± 0 4 8)h均比利凡诺组的 ( 13 2± 2 4 )h和 ( 11 1± 0 3 )h明显缩短 (P <0 0 5 ) ;而且孕 2 0周后观察组胎盘胎膜完全排出率 ( 3 8 8% )明显高于对照组 ( 2 0 % ) (P <0 0 5 ) .结论 :米非司酮配伍米索前列醇用于中孕引产具有安全有效、简便易行、无严重副作用的优点 ,是一种值得推广、使用的方法 .