注射用盐酸柔红霉素的质量评价

目的 按照国家计划抽验要求，评价国内不同企业生产的注射用盐酸柔红霉素的质量。方法 按国家标准检验与探索性研究相结合，对抽验样品进行检验，对检验结果进行统计分析。结果 共抽取样品17批次，按国家标准检验合格率100.0%。探索性研究对主要杂质的来源与结构进行了研究；建立溶液的澄清度检查方法；对包材相容性及稳定性进行了考察。结论 目前国内注射用盐酸柔红霉素总体质量较好；现行标准有待进一步提高，建议现行标准修订有关物质检查方法，增加特定杂质的控制，增加溶液的澄清度检查；建议企业优化生产工艺，以提高产品质量。     

一阶导数高速脉冲极谱法用于盐酸普鲁卡因的定量分析

研究了一阶导数高速脉冲极谱法,并运用于盐酸普鲁卡因及其注射制剂的定量分析。在-0.04 V(对 Ag/AgCl)处出现的良好导数峰,于1.0～6.0×10~(-4)mol/L 范围内,导数峰电流与浓度呈线性关系。检测限为3.0×10~(-8)mol/L。操作简便、快速、灵敏,结果准确。     

罂硝软膏的制备及质量控制

目的 :制备罂硝软膏 ,并建立质量控制方法。方法 :以硝酸甘油、盐酸罂粟碱、双氯芬酸钾为主药研制软膏剂 ,用紫外分光光度法及酸碱滴定法分别测定硝酸甘油、盐酸罂粟碱、双氯芬酸钾3组分的含量。结果 :硝酸甘油、盐酸罂粟碱、双氯芬酸钾的平均回收率分别为100 65 %、99 86 %、100 55 %,相对标准差分别为0 4945 %、0 1719 %、0 3205 %(n=3)。结论 :该软膏制备工艺可行 ,质量可控 ,性质稳定。     

长托宁用于全麻术前用药的效果观察

目的:观察长托宁作为全麻病人麻醉前用药对心血管系统和呼吸道分泌物的影响.方法:随机选择20例需全麻手术病人,在麻醉诱导前静注长托宁0.015 mg/kg,观察注药前、后5、10、20分钟各时点的血压、心率、脉搏氧饱和度及口干程度以及术中术毕口腔和呼吸道分泌物情况.结果:病人使用长托宁后5、10、20分钟的血压、心率与使用前相比有下降趋势,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05),脉搏氧饱和度未见明显改变,用药10分钟病人有轻度口干,术毕拔除气管导管时口腔及呼吸道分泌物较少.结论:长托宁用于全麻病人麻醉前给药效果满意.     

HPLC法测定盐酸美沙酮含量

本文采用高效液相色谱法，以盐酸布比卡因为内标，检测波长220nm，在Symmetry-C18柱上，以己腈-磷酸二氢钾（pH2．5）（3862，V／V）为流动相，测定盐酸美沙酮及其口服液的含量。方法平均回收率为100．17％，日内及日间的RSD均＜1％。方法简便、快速、准确。     

米诺环素对压力作用下体外培养视网膜神经细胞凋亡的抑制

目的 观察米诺环素对压力系统作用下大鼠视网膜神经细胞(RNs)的活性及凋亡的影响，探讨其对受损RNs保护的可能机制。 方法 制备大鼠RNs体外加压培养模型，通过细胞形态学观察、四唑盐（MTT）比色法测定细胞活力、吖啶橙/溴化乙锭（AO/EB）染色法检测细胞凋亡率等方法观察不同浓度的米诺环素对上述损伤细胞的保护作用，并用免疫细胞化学法观察iNOS和caspase 3表达的改变。 结果 加压培养后RNs与对照组相比形态改变较明显，细胞活力降低，5393%的细胞发生凋亡。20000 μmol/L的米诺环素治疗组则细胞形态改善，活力显著增高，1729%的细胞发生凋亡；免疫细胞化学法显示细胞内iNOS和caspase-3表达较加压损伤组减少。 结论 一定剂量的米诺环素在体外可有效抑制压力引起的大鼠RNs损伤及凋亡；抑制iNOS和caspase-3的表达可能是其潜在作用机制。     

Zero-Order Release Formulation of Oxprenolol Hydrochloride with Swelling and Erosion Control

Zero-order release of oxprenolol hydrochloride was obtained by controlling the swelling and erosion of the matrix. This formulation involves only mixing of drug, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC) at the ratio of 1:0.4:1.6, respectively, and compressing the mixture directly into tablets. The in vitro release pattern from this optimized matrix tablet was reproducible. Accelerated stability studies revealed that the optimized formulation remains stable for an approximately 2-year shelf life. This sustained-release (SR) tablet was evaluated in dogs, and for comparison a conventional (CV) formulation was also given at the same dose level. Plasma oxprenolol levels were monitored by a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. Significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters, i.e., lower C _max, higher values of t _max, MRT, AUC, and plasma concentration at 24 hr, and nearly constant plasma levels over 12 hr, indicated that the SR matrix tablet is superior to the CV rapid-releasing formulation. The in vitro release parameters and in vivo pharmacokinetics correlated well.     

Myasthenia-like syndrome induced by cardiovascular agents. Report of a case

The case of a myasthenia-like syndrome induced by cardiovascular drugs is reported. The clinical and electrophysiological features of the case are discussed.

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Sommario Viene descritto il caso di una sindrome miastenica indotta da farmaci efficaci sul sistema cardiovascolare. Vengono analizzate e discusse le principali caratteristiche cliniche ed elettrofisiologiche del caso.

     

Marchiafava-Bignami disease treated by mianserin hydrochloride in short-term evaluated by neuropsychological analysis

Since 1903, Marchiafava‐Bignami disease has been recognized as a rare syndrome with focal demyelination and necrosis in the corpus callosum, which is usually found in chronic alcoholics. It extends into the neighboring white matter and occasionally as far as the subcortical regions. We report a Japanese patient with Marchiafava‐Bignami disease associated with alcohol abuse, who had traveled around Western Europe, North America and China for more than 30 years. As he suffered extreme delirium in the early stages we administered a low dose (10 mg) of mianserin hydrochloride. He was very irritable and uncooperative on admission, after 20 days his delirium had disappeared and his temper had become very calm and mild. After 40 days, his intelligence level increased substantially as measured by various neuropsychological tests.