中药材疑似霉变的辨别与分析

目的：正确辨别颜色呈灰白色或灰绿色的疑似霉变中药，以减少经济损失、保证药材品质、提高服务质量。方法：分别应用传统经验、显微镜、微生物分离等鉴定方法鉴别疑似霉变中药。结果：疑似霉变中有质量正常的中药，有加工贮藏过程中引起的、有的是霉变先兆，或是质量低劣的。结论：对于各种不同类型的疑似霉变中药应重视辨别与分析。     

中药材疑似霉变的辨别与分析

目的:正确辨别颜色呈灰白色或灰绿色的疑似霉变中药,以减少经济损失、保证药材品质、提高服务质量。方法:分别应用传统经验、显微镜、微生物分离等鉴定方法鉴别疑似霉变中药。结果:疑似霉变中有质量正常的中药,有加工贮藏过程中引起的、有的是霉变先兆,或是质量低劣的。结论:对于各种不同类型的疑似霉变中药应重视辨别与分析。     

免试剂离子色谱法测定变质甘蔗中3-硝基丙酸

目的:建立变质甘蔗中3-硝基丙酸(3-NPA)的简便快速离子色谱法。方法:利用dionex1500型离子色谱仪,选用AS19阴离子分析柱,20 mmol KOH淋洗液,流速为1.00 ml/min,电导检测器。样品用纯水超声提取后,经高速离心0.2μm滤膜过滤后直接进样。结果:本法相关性好(r=0.9998),精密度高(RSD<3.0),样品平均加标回收率为96%～102%,定性检出限为0.03 mg/kg,定量检出限为0.08 mg/kg。结论:该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、选择性强,适用于变质甘蔗食物中毒分析。     

Self-Reported Moisture or Mildew in the Homes of Head Start Children with Asthma is Associated with Greater Asthma Morbidity

This study used results from a cross-sectional survey of parents of 3- to 5-year-old children with asthma to assess the frequency of self-reported home environmental conditions that could contribute to worsening asthma and examined the relationship between these factors and the child's asthma morbidity. Participants were 149 parents drawn from the two largest agencies that provide subsidized preschool childcare services in East and Central Harlem, inner-city communities with high prevalence of asthma. The sample represented 77% of eligibles determined by a validated case-identification instrument. Data were collected on demographics, symptoms, medication use, Emergency Department visits and hospitalization, and environmental conditions in the home. One or more of these home environmental conditions were reported by 92% of participants. Controlling for other environmental conditions and demographics, associations were found between self-reported presence of moisture or mildew on ceilings, walls, or windows and higher frequency of hospitalizations for breathing-related problems (OR = 3.31; 95% CI 1.62–6.75), frequent episodes of wheezing (OR = 3.25; 95% CI 1.8–6.0), and higher frequency of night symptoms due to asthma (OR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.4–3.41). Having a carpet or rug in the child's bedroom or the living room was also associated with hospitalizations (OR = 3.23; 95% CI 1.53–6.8), and male gender was marginally associated with the frequency of night symptoms (OR = 1.51; 95% CI .95–2.4). Asthma is prevalent in the Head Start population, and exposure to home environmental conditions that may worsen asthma is common in the socially disadvantaged populations served by Head Start programs. Drs. Bonner PhD, Matte and Fagan and Ms. Andreopoulus are with the Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies (CUES) of the New York Academy of Medicine.     

坑道水库储水防霉消毒对比研究

目的根据坑道水库储水真菌污染状况,对比观察二氯异氰尿酸钠和二氧化氯消毒剂对储水的防霉消毒效果,为战时或特殊情况下储水卫生保障提供依据。方法选择二氯异氰尿酸钠和二氧化氯作为坑道水库储水防霉消毒剂,进行实验室试验、现场模拟试验以及现场水库储水防霉消毒。结果根据储水量按有效氯20mg/L二氯异氰尿酸钠消毒储水,消毒后24个月余氯量为10.9mg/L。按5mg/L二氧化氯消毒储水,消毒后3个月二氧化氯浓度为0.01mg/L。结论二氯异氰尿酸钠在坑道环境中具有良好的稳定性,适宜作为坑道水库储水的长期防霉消毒。二氧化氯消毒储水,在坑道环境中3个月消毒效果好,适合坑道水库储水的快速短期消毒。     

校园室内空气微生物污染的调查

目的 研究校园室内空气微生物的污染情况.方法 于2004年4-5月用柯赫沉降法,在早上、中午和晚上(早上6:30-7:30、中午11:30-12:30、晚上18:00-19:00)3个时间段,对聊城大学校园室内(学生宿舍、校园餐厅、校阅览室、校园网吧和校医院各设6、12、9、5、6个采样点)空气微生物(细菌、霉菌)进行采样,每个采样点重复采样3次.结果 校园室内空气细菌平均含量为2.39×103cfu/m3,空气质量为细菌较清洁水平.校园网吧空气细菌的含量较高(7.99×103 cfu/m3),达轻度污染水平.校园室内空气霉菌平均含量为0.62×103 cfu/m3,空气质量为霉菌较清洁水平.校园餐厅的空气霉菌含量较高(1.52×103 cfu/m3),达轻度污染水平.各采样地点不同时段空气细菌、霉菌含量比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 聊城大学校园室内空气质量为细菌、霉菌较清洁水平.     

霉变药材的微性状鉴定

目的 建立一种可快速检测霉变中药材和饮片的方法。方法 选择甘草、三七、菊花、金银花、金钱草、番泻叶、黄芩、党参和白果9种中药材,以洒水和温室放置的方法使药材霉变,用水洗法、刷霉法、颠簸法除去药材表面霉菌后,在普通生物显微镜下观察药材的微性状特征。结果 在8种药材的裂隙或凹陷处等不易洗刷部位可观察到菌丝和孢子囊,残留的菌丝和孢子数量因药材表面粗糙程度和裂隙大小而异,只有1种表面光滑的白果药材不易观察到霉变特征。结论 微性状鉴定法可以快速检测一些经过水洗、刷霉、颠簸等方法处理过的霉变药材。     

中药灌肠治疗小儿霉菌性肠炎40例临床分析

目的：了解小儿霉菌性肠炎的临床症状,分析小儿霉菌性肠炎的中药灌肠治疗方法及疗效。方法：将70例小儿霉菌性肠炎患儿分为观察组（40例）和对照组（30例）。观察组给予中药灌肠治疗,对照组给予口服酮康唑片剂治疗,比较两组疗效。结果：观察组治愈36例,好转4例,治愈率为90．0％,对照组治愈16例,好转12例,无效2例,治愈率为53．3％。两组治愈率相比差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。观察组在止泻时间、镜检正常时间均明显短于对照组（P〈O．05）。结论：中药灌肠治疗小儿霉菌性肠炎疗效较显著,应予以临床推广。