微泵注射肝素治疗急性期脑梗死临床观察

目的 观察微泵注射普通肝素治疗急性期脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法 将186例脑梗死住院患者随机分为微泵注射普通肝素组和对照组。入院后2组根据病情给予脱水剂、神经保护剂、阿司匹林等治疗，肝素组同时立即给予微泵注射普通肝素（4．25～8．50U／min）治疗，观察比较2组临床神经功能缺损改善情况及微泵注射普通肝素的安全性。结果 治疗组显效率和总有效率较对照组（分别为43．3％vs21．2％，P＜0．001；93．4％vs54．6％，P〈0.001）差异有统计学意义，治疗组神经功能缺损评分（10．80±4．02vs15，20±3．43，P＜0．01）明显低于对照组，2组均无出血并发症发生。结论 微泵注射普通肝素能明显改善急性期脑梗死临床神经功能缺损并且安全有效。     

微量泵持续硬膜外腔注射吗啡治疗晚期癌痛

采用国产微量注射泵持续硬膜外腔注射治疗１２例晚期癌痛患者。止痛效果：疼痛完全缓解１０例、轻度疼痛２例，止痛优良率１００％。术后１例发生尿潴留，２例发生皮肤瘙痒，经对症处理后缓解。作者认为该方法镇痛效果确切、止痛维持时间长、单位时间内注射次数少，吗啡用量小，不易产生耐药必，至哌替啶成瘾者应用该方法也能得良好的止痛效果。     

肌松药微量输注法在喉显微外科手术中的应用

目的观察微量泵输注琥珀胆碱与普通静脉滴注法用于全麻下喉显微外科手术的效果。方法择期行全麻下喉显微手术患者40例，分为微量泵注组与普通静脉滴注组。对比2组术中肌松效果、用药量、术毕自主呼吸和意识恢复时间。结果与通静脉滴注组相比，微量泵注组的术中肌松效果好，用药量少，术毕自主呼吸和意识恢复时间明显缩短（P〈0．05）。结论琥珀胆碱微量泵输注法便于术中调控，利于术后自主呼吸恢复。     

微量注射泵在肿瘤化疗中的临床应用

目的：探讨微量注射泵在肿瘤化疗中的应用效果。方法：将60例行化疗的肿瘤患者随机分为2组,均行外周浅静脉留置针化疗,其中观察组30例采用微量注射泵,对照组30例采用人工操作。结果：观察组既精确又安全,并解决了药物使用过程中人为因素造成的影响,减轻了患者出现静脉炎、静脉肿痛等不良反应,护患满意度93．3％,差异有显著性（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论：微量注射泵能使化疗药物在单位时间内匀速注入患者体内,减少对患者静脉管壁造成的伤害,降低静脉炎等的发生率和护理人员的工作量．提升化疗质量和护患满意度。     

人类线粒体转移方法初报

将人肝脏匀浆、差速离心、等密度梯度离心纯化得到线粒体,通过显微注射法将其转移到小鼠的受精卵细胞质内,有61 % 的卵注射后存活,而存活的卵中53 % 能顺利完成第一次卵裂。提示将人类线粒体向实验动物小鼠转移具有可行性     

Rostral hypothalamus: A new neuroanatomical site of neurochemically-induced emesis in the cat

The localized effect of noradrenergic agonists administered directly in the anterior hypothalamic preoptic area (AH/POA) in inducing emesis in the cat was investigated. Of the noradrenergic agonists tested, which included norepinephrine, clonidine, phenylephrine and methoxamine, only clonidine in doses of 5.0-50.0 micrograms was found to evoke emesis consistently when micro-injected in a volume of 1.0 microliter into AH/POA of the unrestrained cat. The emetic response to clonidine was short-lasting, generally dose-dependent in terms of latency and frequency, and occurred in bouts of one to three episodes. The sequence of the vomiting response, beginning with licking and retching, functionally resembled a normal pattern of an emetic response. The clonidine-induced emesis was not antagonized by the following antagonists micro-injected in AH/POA just prior to clonidine: alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, yohimbine, RX 781094 and phentolamine; the antimuscarinic drug, atropine; the serotonin antagonist, methysergide; the opioid antagonist, naloxone; and the dopamine antagonist, chlorpromazine. Therefore, it would appear that clonidine-induced emesis is not mediated by alpha noradrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, muscarinic and opiate receptor systems within the AH/POA of the cat. Finally, the obtained results show that apart from the area postrema and a circumscribed zone of the brain-stem reticular formation, the hypothalamus is now implicated as a neuroanatomical site in the central nervous system mechanism underlying neurochemically-induced emesis.     

经微量泵静脉注射硝普钠治疗高血压急症的疗效观察

目的:观察经微量泵静脉注射硝普钠治疗高血压急症的疗效。方法:高血压急症84例随机分为硝普钠治疗组(n=43)和硝酸甘油对照组(n=41),两组经微量注射泵持续给药,硝普钠组50mg加入5%葡萄糖50ml,0.25μg/kg.min开始,5min监测血压1次,据血压调整给药剂量;硝酸甘油组:硝酸甘油10mg加入5%葡萄糖48ml,10μg/min开始,据血压调整速度,观察头痛、胸闷、气促等不良反应,记录血压、心率、心电图等资料。结果:硝普钠组42例(97.7%)显效,1h内收缩压从治疗前的(203.3±15.5)mmHg降至(167.2±16.4)mm-Hg(P<0.05),舒张压也显著下降[(124.6±13.9)mmHg∶(103.0±15.8)mmHg,P<0.05];两组显效率有显著差异(97.7%∶82.9%,P<0.05)。结论:硝普钠治疗高血压急症更有效,经微量注射泵持续给药更安全。     

Leucinal inhibits brain aminopeptidase activity and potentiates analgesia induced by leu-enkephalen

L-Leucinal, a transition state analog inhibitor or kidney leucine amino-peptidases, was found to serve as a competitive inhibitor of soluble aminopeptidase activity from rat brain (Ki = 22 microM). Simultaneous intracisternal administration of leucinal and leu-enkephalin produced dose-dependent analgesia in the hot plate test in mice, in concentrations at which neither L-leucinal nor leu-enkephalin alone elicited a significant response. simultaneous administration of leucinal and beta-endorphin also resulted in potentiation of beta-endorphin's analgesic activity. Leucinal did not enhance the antinociceptive response to neurotensin or to [D-ala2]-met-enkephalinamide, which are structurally resistant to the action of brain aminopeptidases.     

Dissociation of locomotor impairment from mydriasis evoked by clonidine injected into cat''s rostral hypothalamus

The anterior hypothalamic preoptic area (AH/POA) was examined as a possible site of action of clonidine and other alpha noradrenergic receptor agonists which evoke motor and autonomic changes. Chronically indwelling guide cannulae were implanted stereotaxically in the diencephalon of the cat. Following post-operative recovery, a micro-injection into AH/POA was made in a volume of 1.0 microliter of one of the following compounds: 5.0-50.0 micrograms clonidine, 5.0-50.0 micrograms norepinephrine, 5.0-50.0 micrograms phenylephrine and 5.0-50.0 micrograms methoxamine. The smallest dose of 5.0 micrograms clonidine produced a brief period of restlessness, licking, retching and emesis but a much longer-lasting mydriasis. When the dose of clonidine was raised to 20 micrograms, the cat became behaviorally sedated, after a latency of about 15 min, for a period of up to 1.0-2.0 hr. This was accompanied by a prolonged period of mydriasis and preceded by a short interval of restlessness, licking, retching and emesis. After the highest dose of 50.0 micrograms clonidine was micro-injected in AH/POA, a profound impairment of motor activity, adynomia and restlessness developed within 15-20 min, persisted for 30 to 60 min and was accompanied also by mydriasis with maximal pupillary dilation lasting for up to six hr. When 5.0-50.0 micrograms phenylephrine or 5.0-50.0 micrograms norepinephrine were micro-injected at clonidine-reactive sites in AH/POA, only rarely were brief instances of restlessness, licking, retching and emesis observed; however, methoxamine at all doses tested failed to produce any visible signs of autonomic or motor disturbance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

微量注射泵加压输液准确控制输液速度的研究

目的探讨应用微量注射泵在加压输液中准确控制输液速度的方法。方法对不同包装、粘稠度的3种液体:A液0.9%NaCI注射液250ml(玻璃瓶)、B液0.9%NaCI注射液250ml(塑料瓶)、C液5%GS 200ml+50%GS 50ml(塑料瓶),采用微量注射泵持续均匀加压输液。比较液体静压在95cm及12cm时3种液体的空气泵人速度与输出速度。每组重复25次。结果液体静压在95cm时空气泵入速度与液体输出速度比较有统计学意义;液体静压在12cm时空气泵入速度与输出速度无统计学意义。结论液体静压在12cm时微量注射泵能准确控制输液速度。