辐射对皮肤黑色素细胞的生物效应研究与展望

辐射是影响黑色素细胞结构和功能的一个重要的环境因素。本文综述了近年来辐射对小鼠黑色素细胞的生物效应研究进展，并对今后的发展予以展望。     

Enhancement of attention in man with ACTH/MSH 4–10

Normal men were infused for 4 hr with ACTH/MSH 4–10 or a control solution. Behavioral testing after the infusion indicated that subjects who received ACTH/MSH 4–10 were less anxious and had better visual memory than control subjects but the predominant effect of the heptapeptide was to increase visual attention. It was specualted that ACTH/MSH 4–10 may be uniquely coded for attentional functioning.     

长航对女性黄褐斑的影响研究

目的分析长航对女性黄褐斑的影响。方法选取参加长航任务的17例女性黄褐斑患者(黄褐斑组),并设对照组15例健康女性(健康组),检测长航前、后症状及血清促黑素细胞激素、过氧化脂质、超氧化物歧化酶水平的变化。结果长航3个月后黄褐斑患者皮损面积和颜色较长航前均不同程度扩大和加深(P<0.05),伴随症状失眠、便秘、月经不调均不同程度加重(P<0.05)。黄褐斑组和健康组长航3个月后血清促黑素细胞激素水平均较前升高(P<0.05),黄褐斑组血清促黑素细胞激素长航前、后较健康组均高(P<0.05);黄褐斑组长航3个月后过氧化脂质水平升高、超氧化物歧化酶水平降低(P<0.05),而健康组长航前、后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论长航能使黄褐斑皮损扩大、颜色加深,伴随症状加重,并使黄褐斑患者的血清促黑素细胞激素和过氧化脂质水平升高、超氧化物歧化酶水平降低。     

The Role of Adiponectin in the Skin

Adiponectin (Ad), a 30 kDa molecule, is an anti-diabetic adipokine; although derived from adipose tissue, it performs numerous activities in various other tissues. It binds to its own receptors, namely adiponectin receptor 1(AdipoR1), adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), and T-cadherin (CDH13). Ad plays several roles, especially as a regulator. It modulates lipid and glucose metabolism and promotes insulin sensitivity. This demonstrates that Ad has a robust correlation with fat metabolism. Furthermore, although Ad is not in direct contact with other tissues, including the skin, it can be delivered to them by diffusion or secretion via the endocrine system. Recently it has been reported that Ad can impact skin cell biology, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic biomarker of skin diseases. In the present review, we have discussed the association between skin cell biology and Ad. To elaborate further, we described the involvement of Ad in the biology of various types of cells in the skin, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and immune cells. Additionally, we postulated that Ad could be employed as a therapeutic target to maintain skin homeostasis.     

无色素痣

无色素痣是一种先天性、非进行性、形态和分布在一生中相对稳定的色素脱色性疾病,其致病机制和病理特征尚不完全清楚。近年来的研究结果支持该病是一个黑色素细胞功能缺陷、黑素小体形成异常的疾病。本文综述其临床表现、发病机制、诊断和鉴别诊断等方面的研究进展。     

From suntan to skin cancers: molecular pathways and prevention strategies

The incidence of skin cancer is rising, and significantly linked to carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet radiation. While clashes in lifestyle and cancer risk have undoubtedly contributed to this health crisis, it is equally clear that certain human populations have a notably lower risk of skin cancer. This apparent natural protection, typically afforded by darker skin pigmentation or an easy ability to tan, has begun to reveal mechanistic insights of great relevance to skin cancer risk. An understanding of the genes that participate in pigmentation and the sun-tanning response has permitted greater understanding of the intracellular and intercellular signaling events that culminate in human skin pigmentation. Moreover the same observations have also suggested novel targeted approaches to mimic the pigmentary response using agents that spare the cell from carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet radiation. The application of such strategies is not yet at hand, but potentially promises to provide a complementary approach to prevention of cutaneous cancer.     

Differentiation therapy of human cancer: basic science and clinical applications

Current cancer therapies are highly toxic and often nonspecific. A potentially less toxic approach to treating this prevalent disease employs agents that modify cancer cell differentiation, termed ‘differentiation therapy.’ This approach is based on the tacit assumption that many neoplastic cell types exhibit reversible defects in differentiation, which upon appropriate treatment, results in tumor reprogramming and a concomitant loss in proliferative capacity and induction of terminal differentiation or apoptosis (programmed cell death). Laboratory studies that focus on elucidating mechanisms of action are demonstrating the effectiveness of ‘differentiation therapy,’ which is now beginning to show translational promise in the clinical setting.     

干细胞因子及其受体c-KIT对羊驼毛囊黑色素细胞增殖与分化的影响及其机制

目的 探讨SCF/c-KIT信号通路对羊驼毛囊黑色素细胞分化、增殖和定位的作用及羊驼丰富毛色性状形成的细胞学机制。 方法 选取8只成年雄性羊驼（4只有色被毛,4只白色被毛）,采用免疫组织化学方法研究SCF和c-KIT受体在羊驼皮肤组织中的表达定位;采用实时定量PCR方法分析SCF和c-KIT基因在羊驼皮肤组织中的表达水平。 结果 SCF和c-KIT受体在不同毛色皮肤组织中均有表达,但在不同被毛颜色羊驼皮肤组织中的表达量和表达部位存在差异;ΔΔCt法统计分析SCF和c-KIT基因在不同颜色被毛羊驼皮肤组织中的表达情况显示,SCF基因在有色被毛皮肤组织中的相对表达量是白色被毛皮肤组织的2.41倍,而c-KIT基因在有色被毛皮肤组织中的相对表达量是白色被毛组织的1.20倍。 结论 SCF/c-KIT信号通路参与调节黑色素细胞在皮肤组织中的增殖、分化;成熟黑色素细胞的数量及其在毛囊组织中的分布位置决定羊驼被毛颜色的形成;SCF信号调节不同分化程度黑色素细胞在毛囊组织中的分布。