和谐完美主义量表的初步编制

目的编制一份测量和谐完美主义者合理认知与行为的量表。方法在理论分析与访谈的基础上，结合中国青少年、大学生完美主义量表的项目进行数据搜集和管理，运用内容分析、残差规整以及因素分析最终确定和谐完美主义的项目与维度，并进行了信度、效度检验。结果和谐完美主义心理由合理信念、自我提升、完美动机、自省、悦纳他人5个维度构成，各维度的内部一致性系数为0.75～0.88，重测信度为0.71～0.86，累积方差贡献率为61.57%。结论和谐完美主义量表具有较理想的信效度，较适合本土学生应用。     

近乎完美量表中文修订版在初中生中的适用性

目的:探讨近乎完美量表中文修订版在初中生中的适用性.方法:采用班级整群抽取,分为2个样本.对样本一的616名初中生施测近乎完美量表中文修订版、考试焦虑量表;对样本二的679名初中生施测近乎完美量表中文修订版、自尊量表、Beck抑郁问卷.结果:对样本一的数据进行探索性因素分析表明,各条目在所属因子的因子负荷为0.548～0.858,三个因子可解释总变异的54.44%;对样本二数据进行验证性因素分析为原量表的三因素结构(高标准因子、差异因子和秩序因子)提供了支持,拟合指数为:x2/df=6.653、GFI=0.907、CFI=0.901、RMSEA=0.066,模型拟合较好.利用两个样本的数据进行的信度分析表明,三个分量表的内部一致性系数分别为0.869、0.904和0.708.效标关联效度检验表明,高标准和秩序分量表均与自尊正相关(r=0.30、0.10,P＜0.01或0.05),与抑郁负相关(r=-0.20、-0.12,P＜0.01);高标准分量表与考试焦虑负相关(r=-0.13,P＜0.01);差异分量表与自尊负相关(r=-0.57.P＜0.01),与考试焦虑、抑郁正相关(r=0.34、0.78,P＜0.01).结论:量表的信度和效度符合心理测量学要求.可以用于初中生的完美主义研究.     

大学生特殊完美主义量表的编制

目的:编制大学生特殊完美主义量表。方法:用探索性因素分析发展量表的初步理论结构,再用验证性因素分析证明理论结构的合理性和正确性,以此为基础编制了大学生特殊完美主义量表,并对正式问卷测量结果进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。结果:探索性因素分析确定量表含5个因素,解释了总变异的57.54%;#系数、分半信度、重测信度分别为0.648～0.781,0.664～0.790,0.720～0.779;验证性因素分析显示拟合指数χ2/df,GFI,AGFI,NFI,NNFI,RMSEA,CFI,IFI分别为2.32,0.91,0.88,0.84,0.88,0.06,0.90,0.90。结论:该量表的信效度都达到了测量学的要求。     

Characterizing associations and dissociations between anxiety,social, and cognitive phenotypes of Williams syndrome

Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurogenetic disorder known for its “hypersocial” phenotype and a complex profile of anxieties. The anxieties are poorly understood specifically in relation to the social-emotional and cognitive profiles. To address this gap, we employed a Wechsler intelligence test, the Brief Symptom Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Salk Institute Sociability Questionnaire, to (1) examine how anxiety symptoms distinguish individuals with WS from typically developing (TD) individuals; and (2) assess the associations between three key phenotypic features of WS: intellectual impairment, social-emotional functioning, and anxiety. The results highlighted intensified neurophysiological symptoms and subjective experiences of anxiety in WS. Moreover, whereas higher cognitive ability was positively associated with anxiety in WS, the opposite pattern characterized the TD individuals. This study provides novel insight into how the three core phenotypic features associate/dissociate in WS, specifically in terms of the contribution of cognitive and emotional functioning to anxiety symptoms.     

Perfectionism underlying psychological background correlated with the symptoms of functional dyspepsia

BACKGROUNDS: Early satiety, bloating, and postprandial distress are common symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Perfectionism is known to be associated with AN, accompanied by abnormal eating behavior. We analyzed perfectionism in FD as compared with that in AN, and investigated the correlation of perfectionism with abdominal symptoms. METHODS: The study group comprised 168 patients with FD according to the Rome II criteria (65% females, mean age 47.7 years) and 101 with AN according to the DSM-IV criteria (100% females, mean age 23 years). As control, 130 healthy subjects (81% females, mean age 26.2 years) were studied. Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) was used to evaluate perfectionism. Abdominal symptoms were evaluated on the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS). RESULTS: All subscale scores except for organization were significantly higher in patients with AN than in controls. The parental criticism (PC) score in patients with FD was also significantly higher than that in controls, but lower than that in patients with AN. PC was significantly correlated with the total GSRS, particularly indigestion scores of FD patients (P = 0.0476 and P = 0.0294). CONCLUSIONS: Perfectionism such as PC underlying the psychological background of FD patients may be correlated with their abdominal symptoms.     

Psychometric properties of the Self-Beliefs related to Social Anxiety (SBSA) scale in a sample of individuals with social anxiety disorder

The Self-Beliefs related to Social Anxiety (SBSA) scale assesses maladaptive social-evaluative beliefs, a key aspect in models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) that is frequently measured in research and clinical contexts. The SBSA has been evaluated psychometrically in student samples, but not in a large sample of individuals diagnosed with SAD. The current study tested the psychometric properties of the SBSA in a sample of individuals with SAD pooled from several studies (total N = 284). Results showed that the optimal factor structure for the SBSA was a correlated three-factor model (high standard beliefs factor, conditional beliefs factor, unconditional beliefs factor). The SBSA total and its subscales (formed based on the factors) exhibited good internal consistency. In terms of construct validity, the SBSA total, the high standard beliefs subscale, and conditional beliefs subscale had stronger associations with a measure of social anxiety than with a measure of depression, although the unconditional beliefs subscale was similarly related to both measures of social anxiety and depression. In terms of discriminative validity, the sample of individuals with SAD had higher SBSA total and subscale scores compared with a sample of individuals without SAD (N = 32). These findings provide a psychometric evidence base justifying the use of the SBSA for the assessment of maladaptive social-evaluative beliefs.     

The Treatment of Perfectionism within the Eating Disorders: A Pilot Study

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the impact of the direct treatment of perfectionism on the outcome of perfectionism and eating disorder pathology. Sixty‐one participants, attending day hospital treatment, participated in a randomised controlled study, in which treatment as usual (TAU) was compared with TAU combined with a clinician‐lead cognitive behavioural treatment for perfectionism (TAU + P). Linear mixed model analysis revealed no significant interaction effects but significant main effects for time on variables measuring eating pathology and perfectionism. Outcomes supported the effectiveness of overall treatment but suggested that adding direct treatment of perfectionism did not enhance treatment. The results are discussed in relation to the existing literature on the treatment of perfectionism. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.