ACCESS在唐氏综合征筛查的应用

目的 探讨血清标志物甲胎蛋白（AFP）、β-绒毛膜促性腺激素（β-HCG）、雌三醇（uE3）对孕中期妇女进行胎儿唐氏综合征（DS）为主的先天缺陷筛查的作用。方法用全自动微粒子发光酶免疫分析仪（ACCESS）对1310例孕（14—19W）孕妇血清AFP、β-HCG、和uE3三项指标进行检测，并结合孕妇年龄、孕周、体重、是否双胎、有无糖尿病等。采用仪器配套软件计算风险概率，对高风险孕妇进行B超及羊水细胞染色体检查进行确认。结果 在1310例孕妇中按ACCESS仪提供的中住数和本组孕妇的中位教计算。DS筛查阳性率分别为3．13％、5．42％；18三体综合征筛查阳性率分别为2．06％、2．90％；神经管缺陷筛查阳性率均为2．98％。共检出先天缺陷9例。检出率为0．61％。结论 孕中期血清AFP、β-HCG和uE3三项标志物联合检测是预防先天缺陷患儿出生的重要途径。     

Effects of varying antigens and adjuvant systems on the immunogenicity and safety of investigational tetravalent human oncogenic papillomavirus vaccines: Results from two randomized trials

Background

A prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine targeting oncogenic HPV types in addition to HPV-16 and -18 may broaden protection against cervical cancer. Two Phase I/II, randomized, controlled studies were conducted to compare the immunogenicity and safety of investigational tetravalent HPV L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, containing VLPs from two additional oncogenic genotypes, with the licensed HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine (control) in healthy 18–25 year-old women.

Methods

In one trial (NCT00231413), subjects received control or one of 6 tetravalent HPV-16/18/31/45 AS04 vaccine formulations at months (M) 0,1,6. In a second trial (NCT00478621), subjects received control or one of 5 tetravalent HPV-16/18/33/58 vaccines formulated with different adjuvant systems (AS04, AS01 or AS02), administered on different schedules (M0,1,6 or M0,3 or M0,6).

Results

One month after the third injection (Month 7), there was a consistent trend for lower anti-HPV-16 and -18 geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) for tetravalent AS04-adjuvanted vaccines compared with control. GMTs were statistically significantly lower for an HPV-16/18/31/45 AS04 vaccine containing 20/20/10/10 μg VLPs for both anti-HPV-16 and anti-HPV-18 antibodies, and for an HPV-16/18/33/58 AS04 vaccine containing 20/20/20/20 μg VLPs for anti-HPV-16 antibodies. There was also a trend for lower HPV-16 and -18-specific memory B-cell responses for tetravalent AS04 vaccines versus control. No such trends were observed for CD4⁺ T-cell responses. Immune interference could not always be overcome by increasing the dose of HPV-16/18 L1 VLPs or by using a different adjuvant system. All formulations had acceptable reactogenicity and safety profiles. Reactogenicity in the 7-day post-vaccination period tended to increase with the introduction of additional VLPs, especially for formulations containing AS01.

Conclusions

HPV-16 and -18 antibody responses were lower when additional HPV L1 VLPs were added to the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine. Immune interference is a complex phenomenon that cannot always be overcome by changing the antigen dose or adjuvant system.     

全自动微粒子发光酶免疫分析仪在孕中期产前筛查的应用

目的探讨孕中期筛查先先天缺陷的临床意义。方法用微粒子发光酶免疫分析仪（Access）检测1738例孕中期孕妇血清标志物AFP,β-HCG和uE3三项指标的筛查．结果：在1738例孕妇中,按Access仪提供的中位数和本组孕妇的中位数计算,唐氏综合症（Down Syndrome,DS）筛查阳性率分别为2．35％,5．46％,18三体筛查阳性率分别为0．35％,0．58％,神经管缺陷（neural tube defects NTD）筛查阳性率均为1．09％。共检出先天缺陷8例,检出率为0．46％。结论对孕中期母血清标记物筛查是预防先天缺陷患儿出生的重要途径。