Lugol液染色对食管早期癌和癌前病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨Lugol液染色对食管早期癌和癌前病变的诊断价值。方法 对45例食管黏膜可疑病变经内镜以2％Lugol液喷洒染色，观察黏膜染色情况，并取活检送病理组织学检查。结果 45例食管病变染色后，39例呈浅染色或不染色，其中食管癌8例（食管早期癌5例，进展期癌3例），Barrett食管5例，轻至中度不典型增生1l例。本组Lugol液染色对食管早期癌和癌前病变的检出率达46．7％。结论 内镜下应用Lugol液染色结合活检有助于食管早期癌和癌前病变的诊断，且操作简便，具有重要的临床价值。     

2%Lugol液染色诊断早期食管癌的临床研究

目的　探讨2％Lugol液染色对早期食管癌的诊断价值。方法对在内镜检查中发现的58例可疑食管粘膜病灶进行经内镜2％Lugol液染色。结果58例可疑食管粘膜病灶经染色后活检证实为早期食管癌37例,其中鳞癌31例,腺癌6例;内镜下诊断为粘膜癌13例,粘膜下层癌24例;手术后病理证实为粘膜癌20例,粘膜下层癌17例,内镜与手术后病理检查符合率为75．68％。同时对5例早期食管癌行内镜下治疗。结论经内镜Lugol液染色对早期食管癌诊断具有一定的价值。     

醋酸染色和碘染色后肉眼观察在宫颈病变筛查中的应用价值

目的评价醋酸染色和碘染色在宫颈癌及其癌前病变的筛查中的应用价值。为降低经济欠发达地区的宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率提供依据。方法 2009年5月对来我院就诊的的30～59岁已婚妇女进行宫颈病变的普查。普查方法为用5%醋酸染色后肉眼观察（VIA）和2%碘染色后肉眼观察（VILI）,结果异常者进行阴道镜检查,并在阴道镜下活检取得最终病理诊断。结果 1897名附和条件的妇女参加普查,其中265例VIA或VILI阳性,176例行阴道镜下活检,经病理确诊CIN以上44例,其中CINⅠ25例,CINⅡ8例,CINⅢ及原位癌8例,早期浸润癌1例,宫颈癌2例。结论 VIA和VILI是一种经济有效的筛查方法,适用于在经济欠发达地区广泛推广。     

碘 Lugol’s 溶液染色对鼻咽癌的诊断价值

[目的]探讨鼻咽电子纤维镜下用2%含碘 Lugol’s 溶液染色对鼻咽癌的早期诊断价值。[方法]用2%含碘 Lugol’s 溶液对观察组86例进行鼻咽黏膜染色检查,根据染色情况在不染色、淡染色区取活检,对照组90例不行碘染色,仅根据临床经验取活检,比较两组病人病理活检阳性检出率。[结果]观察组、对照组阳性检出率分别为89.5%和75.5%,癌阳性检出率分别为77.9%和64.4%,经比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。[结论]内镜下碘染色对早期鼻咽癌的早期诊断有重要意义。     

Lugol chromo‐endoscopy versus Narrow Band Imaging for endoscopic screening of esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma in patients with a history of cured esophageal cancer: a feasibility study

To date, Lugol chromo‐endoscopy is the reference technique to detect an esophageal neoplasia in patients with prior esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma (ESCC), but is not easy to perform without general anesthesia, which can limit its use in routine practice. The objective of this study were to compare the accuracy of white light, narrow band imaging (NBI), and Lugol to detect esophageal neoplasia in patients with a history of cured ESCC, in a prospective study. Thirty patients were prospectively included between June 2006 and June 2009. They all had a history of cured ESCC. Esophageal mucosa was examined first using white light, second NBI, and third after Lugol staining. Histology was obtained in all abnormalities detected by white light, NBI, and/or Lugol. Five neoplastic lesions in five different patients were identified at histology, four cancers, and one high‐grade dysplasia. NBI and Lugol both detected all esophageal neoplastic lesions, whereas white light detected the four cancers but missed the high‐grade dysplasia. In this feasibility study, NBI and Lugol both detected all identified esophageal neoplasia in very high‐risk patients of ESCC. This result suggests that NBI could be used instead of Lugol to detect an esophageal neoplasia in patients with high risk of ESCC, but needs to be confirmed in a larger study.     

Association of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene polymorphism with multiple oesophageal dysplasia in head and neck cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Multiple occurrences of oesophageal dysplasia are frequently observed in head and neck cancer patients, and closely associated with alcohol consumption. Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, is thought to play an important role in the carcinogenesis of the upper aerodigestive tract. AIM: To investigate if genetic polymorphism in alcohol metabolising enzymes (ADH3, alcohol dehydrogenase 3; ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) is associated with oesophageal multiple dysplasia in head and neck cancer patients. METHODS: Thirty one consecutive patients with head and neck cancer were included in the study. Multiple oesophageal dysplasia was detected endoscopically as multiple Lugol voiding lesions (multiple LVL) using the Lugol dye staining method. The ADH3 and ALDH2 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Among the 31 patients with head and neck cancer, 17 had multiple LVL. Multiple LVL were closely associated with a second primary oesophageal carcinoma in head and neck cancer patients (odds ratio 60.7, 95% CI 5.6-659). Furthermore, the mutant ALDH2 allele was significantly more prevalent in patients with multiple LVL (65% v 29%; p<0.05) whereas no difference was observed in ADH3 polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: The mutant ALDH2 allele appears to be a risk indicator for multiple LVL in head and neck cancer patients. Accumulation of acetaldehyde due to low ALDH2 activity may play a critical role in cancerous changes throughout the mucosa in the upper aerodigestive tract.     

Three-dimensional mammalian tooth development using diceCT

ObjectiveThis study aims to develop the Diffusible Iodine-based Contrast-Enhanced CT (diceCT) method for non-destructive imaging of both soft and mineralised tissues. We sought to document the 3D spatio-temporal pattern of mammalian tooth development including multiple tooth classes and generations, using the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) as a model species.DesignWe took microCT scans of developing fetuses and pouch young stained using Lugol’s Iodine (I₂KI) contrast agent. Stained versus unstained specimen comparisons were then made to investigate whether staining had improved visualisation of structures. Scan slices were compared to histological sections to confirm the identity of tissues and structures. Tissue layers were digitally segmented to create 3D models.ResultsDiceCT dramatically enhanced visual contrast of soft tissues, allowing differentiation between epithelial and mesenchymal layers. Subvolume scans at higher magnification achieved single-cell layer resolution within relatively large intact heads. We observed in-situ initiating teeth, which progressed through major stages of tooth development including morphogenesis and mineralisation. In addition, we traced the development of other mineralized and unmineralised tissues, such as the cranial bones and the brain, eye and olfactory system.ConclusionsDiceCT was time- and cost-effective in producing complex 3D models of the entire dentition of the tammar wallaby at each developmental stage with tissue-level resolution. The 3D view of soft and mineralised tooth structures allowed us to define tooth class and generation from a developmental perspective. Additionally, the development of other organs can also be documented using the same scans, demonstrating the efficiency and versatility of this technique.