阿尔及利亚地震灾后中国危重伤员远程空中转运

目的 总结紧急远程航空医疗运送的经验，分析影响空运的多种因素。方法 通过2003年5月阿尔及利亚地震灾后，中方5名危重伤员的航空转运的实践，就转运计划、医务人员和医疗设备的配置、空中监护、心理干预等对远程航空医疗运送的作用和影响进行分析和总结。结果 5名危重伤员均安全转运至目的地。结论 制订周密的转运计划和进行细致的安排是成功转运的重要条件；灾害伤员的心理干预对安全转运有着特殊意义。     

秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况调查研究

目的　了解秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况及其影响的主要因素。方法　采用 SCL-90临床症状自评量表随机对陕西省安康地区双溪乡初中学生进行心理健康测查。结果　秦巴山区双溪乡初中学生心理健康状况与全国初中学生心理健康常模比较 ,并未出现显著性差异 ;影响初中男生心理健康因素从大到小的顺序为 :抑郁 >躯体化 >焦虑 >强迫 >精神病性 >恐怖 >人际关系 >偏执 >其它 >敌对 ;影响女生心理健康因素从大到小的顺序为 :抑郁 >躯体化 >焦虑 >人际关系>强迫 >精神病性 >恐怖 >敌对 >其它 >偏执。结论　秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况良好。影响秦巴山区初中学生心理健康的最主要因素为 :抑郁、躯体化和焦虑。     

Associations of park features with park use and park-based physical activity in an urban environment in Asia: A cross-sectional study

Park use is associated with health, yet our understanding of park features related to their use is limited. Singapore's parks were audited for 30 micro-features, then geospatial analysis characterized micro-features scores for parks nearest to participants' homes. Adults (3,435) reported their park use and park-based physical activity. Using linear regression models, we found living near a park with higher micro-features scores was associated with more time in parks and park-based physical activity. Specific micro-features were associated with more park time (wildlife areas, water features, forested areas, unpaved trails (2–2.6 h/month, p < 0.05)) and with physical activity in parks (water features, forested areas, large playground, open green spaces (1.8–2.2 h/month, p < 0.05)). These findings could inform parks planning to support population-health.     

中国“顶刊热”的冷思考:基于40年研究主题的多层次国际比较研究

【目的】 在全球视野下,从宏观、中观、微观层面分析中国顶刊论文研究主题的特征及趋势。【方法】 基于1980—2020年Nature和Science期刊上的研究型论文,利用对比分析法,从时间维度对我国顶刊论文不同层级的研究主题展开国际比较研究。【结果】 中国顶刊论文学科结构沿着与全球趋同的方向演进;中国顶刊论文覆盖的研究领域较少,一些增长型和衰减型研究领域呈现追随全球的显著趋势;中国顶刊论文研究主题多为追随型,起步晚、时滞长。【结论】 高水平研究的发展,不仅需要科研人员更加注重论文的内在质量,科技期刊也应充分发挥“把关人”作用,机构与国家应健全科研评价体系,为推动我国高水平研究提供良好的发展氛围与制度保障。     

Analysis of a tension/compression skeletal system: Possible strain-specific differences in the hierarchical organization of bone

Background: Examination of a simple skeletal cantilevered beam-like bone (artiodactyl calcaneus) suggests that regional differences in strain magnitude and mode (tension vs. compression) reflect regional adaptation in the structural/material organization of bone. The artiodactyl (e.g., sheep and deer) calcaneus has a predominant loading condition typified by the unambiguous presence of prevailing compressive and tensile strains on opposite cortices. Bone habitually loaded in bending may accommodate regional disparities in loading conditions through modifications of various aspects of its organization. These include overall bone build (gross size and shape), cross-sectional shape, cortical thickness, and mineral content. Methods & Results: Cross-sections taken along the calcaneal body exhibited cranial-caudal elongation with the compression (cranial) cortex thicker than the tension cortex (P < 0.01). Mineral content (ash fraction) was significantly greater in the compression cortex (P < 0.01), averaging 6.6% greater than in the tension cortex. Strong positive correlations were found between mineral content and section location in both the tension (r² = 0.955) and compression (r² = 0.812) cortices. These correlations may reflect functional adaptations to the linear increases in stress that are known to occur in the distal-to-proximal direction in simple, unidirectionally loaded cantilevered beams. According to engineering principles, the roughly triangular transverse cross-sectional geometries and thicker compression cortex are features consistent with a short cantilevered structure designed to resist unidirectional bending. Conclusions: Known differences in mechanical properties of bone in tension vs. compression suggest that these regional differences in cortical thickness and mineralization may be related to differences in strain mode. These structural/material dissimilarities, however, may be related to regional variations in strain magnitude, since bending and axially directed stresses in a simple cantilevered structure produce greater strain magnitudes in the compression domain. It is possible that the superimposed habitual strain magnitudes enhance strain-mode-specific adaptive responses. We hypothesize that these structural/material differences reflect the capacity of bone to process local information and produce a regionally heterogeneous organization that is appropriate for prevailing loading conditions. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public dotmain in the United states of America

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凤阳山-百山祖保护区药用蕨类植物资源

凤阳山-百山祖自然保护区自然环境优越，植被保存良好，植物资源丰富，其中具有药用价值的蕨类植物共有79种，按其药效可分为解表类药、清热类药、祛风湿药、利尿类药、驱虫药、止血类药、活血祛疯药、补虚类药、平肝息风药等16类。     

Prosopo-Thoracopagus Conjoined Twins and Other Cephalopagus-Thoracopagus Intermediates: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Prosopo-thoracopagus twins are united from the face down to the umbilicus, none with union in the brain but all with visceral anomalies intermediate between those of cephalopagus and thoracopagus. In a review of over 1200 cases of conjoined twins reported during the past 100 years, there were 14 that illustrate the continuum between cephalopagus and thoracopagus, including three that were united only from the cervical region to the umbilicus. Classic cephalopagus twins are joined from the top of the head to the umbilicus, sharing a single foregut as well as two relatively normal hearts, the “posterior” one often diminished. Typical thoracopagus, however, are conjoined only from the upper thorax to the umbilicus, each twin with a normal foregut but both sharing a single complex multiventricular heart. The intermediate cases shared either a single very abnormal heart or two hearts united by double aortic arches, and all except one had a single foregut. It is these cases intermediate between cephalopagus and thoracopagus which are the subject of this report. Received September 11, 1996; accepted December 16, 1996     

自制NECM修复兔耳廓软骨缺损的试验研究

目的本研究的目的在于评价自制同种异体天然细胞外基质(Nature Extracellular Matrix,NECM)在修复兔耳廓软骨缺损中的价值,从而在体外研究的基础上进一步证实我们采用的去污剂-酶四步法制作的NECM在组织工程学中的可行性.方法选用10只新西兰大白兔,于其双耳廓制造1.0×.0cm大小的软骨缺损后,分别作以下研究:①灰兔NECM修复兔耳廓缺损.②灰兔NECM复合软骨膜修复兔耳廓缺损;③不植任何材料的空白对照.术后4、6、12、24周取材并行组织学检查.结果NECM植入后4、6周有轻重不一的炎症反应,第12周炎症反应消失,NECM周边无包裹现象.第12周时NECM复合软骨膜组有软骨膜细胞长入NECM,此时的软骨膜细胞多处于增殖期,24周时软骨膜细胞继续增殖分化细胞逐渐长入NECM深部,且部分软骨膜细胞发育成熟.单纯NECM修复组,第6周出现纤维结缔组织长入NECM,12、24周纤维结缔组织逐渐长入NECM深部,并逐渐取代NECM.结论①NECM可诱导软骨膜细胞增殖分化生长,修复软骨缺损:②NECM具有较好的组织亲和性和相容性;③软骨膜细胞可以作为NECM再生软骨的种子细胞的来源;④软骨膜可以阻止纤维结缔组织侵入修复区NECM.     

泌尿系感染病原菌及耐药性调查

目的 探讨山区医院泌尿系感染病原菌及其耐药性，为临床用药提供依据。方法按照常规培养鉴定方法分离与鉴定病原菌；用K-B纸片扩散法进行药物敏感试验。结果166株病原菌以肠道菌群为主，其中大肠埃希菌（ECO）占总株数的50．0％，居首位；肺炎克雷伯菌（KPN）与凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）分别占总株数的9．0％，并列第2位；产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）与耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）检出率分别为14．7％和20．0％。结论山区泌尿系病原菌种类分布与其他医院大致相同；耐药性低于大型城市医院和平原同级别医院。     

Nature-based experiences and health of cancer survivors

PurposeAlthough exposure to, and interaction with, natural environments are recognized as health-promoting, little is understood about the use of nature contact in treatment and rehabilitation for cancer survivors.MethodsThis narrative review summarizes the literature exploring the influence of nature-based experiences on survivor health. Key databases included CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycArticles, ProQuest, and Cancerlit databases.ResultsSixteen articles met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Four major categories emerged: 1) Dragon boat racing may enhance breast cancer survivor quality of life, 2) Natural environment may counteract attentional fatigue in newly diagnosed breast cancer survivors, 3) Adventure programs provide a positive experience for children and adolescent survivors, fostering a sense of belonging and self-esteem, and 4) Therapeutic landscapes may decrease state-anxiety, improving survivor health.ConclusionsThis review contributes to a better understanding of the therapeutic effects of nature-based experiences on cancer survivor health, providing a point of entry for future study.