Implementation strategies for the first licensed dengue vaccine: A meeting report

Dengue vaccination would enhance the control of dengue, one of the most frequent vector-borne viral diseases globally. CYD-TDV is the first dengue vaccine to be licensed, but global uptake has been hampered due to its use being limited to seropositive persons aged 9 years and above, and the need for a 3-dose schedule. The Partnership for Dengue Control (PDC) organized a meeting with key opinion leaders and stakeholders to deliberate on implementation strategies for the use of CYD-TDV. New data have emerged that support the shortening of the primary schedule from a 3 to 2 dose schedule, extending the age range below 9 to 6 years of age, and expanding the indication from endemic populations to also include travelers to endemic areas. Cost-effectiveness may improve with the modified 2-dose regimen and with multiple testing. Strategies to implement a dengue vaccination program have been developed, in particular school-based strategies. A range of delivery scenarios can then be considered, using various settings for each step of the intervention. However, several challenges remain, including communication about limiting the use of this vaccine to seropositive individuals only. Affordability will vary from country to country, as will government commitment and community acceptance. Well-tailored communication strategies that target key stakeholders are expected to make up a significant part of any future dengue vaccination program.     

The Alcohol Beverage Warning Label: When Did Knowledge Increase?

This article presents data on the awareness of the alcohol beverage warning label among a sample of 5,169 inner city African-American gravidas seeking prenatal care. While the label law was implemented in November 1989, a significant increase in knowledge of the label did not occur until March 1990. Women who predominantly consumed wine coolers and beer, and those under age 30 were more likely to know about the label than their counterparts.     

Dietary Intake Assessment of Pre-Packed Graviera Cheese in Greece and Nutritional Characterization Using the Nutri-Score Front of Pack Label Scheme

Gravieras are ‘gruyere’ type hard cheeses with a variety of different products and the second highest consumption in Greece. In this study, we present a dietary intake assessment and a nutritional characterization of pre-packed graviera products sold in the Greek market using Nutri-Score Front of Pack Label (FoPL). The nutrient contents of 92 pre-packed graviera products were combined with daily individual consumption data extracted from the Hellenic National Nutrition Health Survey (n = 93), attempting to evaluate the contribution of graviera’s consumption to the Greek diet. The analysis of nutrients’ intake as a Reference Intake (RI) percentage ranked saturated fat first on the nutrients’ intake list, with RI percentage ranging from 36.1 to 109.2% for the 95th percentile of consumption. The respective % RI for energy, total fat, carbohydrates, sugars, proteins and salt ranged from 12.7–20.7%, 21.6–50.4%, 0–3.1%, 0–6.1%, 37–57.1% and 6.3–42%. Nutri-Score classified 1% of the products to C—light orange class, 62% to D—orange and 37% to E—dark orange, while no products were classified to A—dark green or B—green classes. The comparison between the Nutri-Score classification and the nutrients’ intake assessment, also separately conducted within the classes, showed a higher salt intake after the consumption of products classified as D—orange and E—dark orange.     

基于论文相似网络拓扑结构的聚类方法比较

以R语言中的复杂网络处理包igraph为工具,基于语义相似性算法构建论文相似网络,然后采用四种代表性网络聚类算法（随机游走法、标签传播法、最大模块度法、边介数法）对构建出的网络进行聚类分析。最后结合金标准和网络社团划分评价指标D函数比较四种算法的准确性和稳定性,发现随机游走算法最为卓越,同时明确了复杂网络的预处理也是一个影响聚类效果的重要因素。     

131I-MIBG前体间碘苄胍硫酸盐的合成工艺改进

设计一条以3-碘苄溴为起始原料,经间碘苄胺合成间碘苄胍,最终碘标记得¹³¹I-MIBG。此法原料易得,工艺简便。     

《预包装食品标签通则》(GB7718-2011)跟踪评价及对策建议

本研究对全国8个省市执行《预包装食品标签通则》(GB7718-2011)执行情况进行了跟踪评价情况分析。分析结果显示:生产企业的预包装食品名称标示符合GB7718标准要求的显著高于商场超市和农贸市场。商场超市预包装食品配料表标示以及配料表中添加剂的标示形式符合标准要求的显著高于农贸市场和生产企业。商场超市和生产企业的预包装食品标准代号标示符合标准要求的显著高于农贸市场。被调查的监管部门和食品生产经营单位GB7718标准知晓率为94.92%,社会公众调查该标准知晓率为78.35%。调查的各级监管部门和食品生产经营单位中有70.85%组织宣贯培训过该标准。各级监管部门和食品生产经营单位中有30.49%认为食品添加剂标示形式太复杂为主要难度内容,有16.59%认为配料表标示内容等要求太严。大部分监管部门和食品生产经营单位没有反馈过对GB7718标准的意见或建议。建议管理部门要重视标准工作,提升食品安全保障能力;要广泛吸纳意见,进一步完善标准的科学性和操作性;强化标准的宣传培训,提高标准的应用能力;进一步完善标准的跟踪评价机制;加强部门协作互享信息,提高标准执行力。     

现代化医疗设备管理实践

随着现代医疗科技的不断进步,大量先进的医疗器械被医院购入并使用,使医院的医疗设备科成为医院接触先进医疗设备最多并发展最快的科室之一。医院如何应用现代化技术,更好地对医疗设备进行管理成为目前摆在医院设备科面前的主要课题。我们近一年来应用计算机、《医疗设备综合识别管理系统》、条码识别等现代化手段,在医疗设备科管理上进行了相应的管理实践,取得了一定的经验。     

Comprehension of a prototype emergency contraception package label by female adolescents

Background

We evaluated female adolescents' comprehension of a prototype over-the-counter package label for an emergency contraceptive pill product.

Study Design

Volunteers aged 12-17 years who could read English were recruited at malls and clinics in six United States metropolitan areas. After completing a literacy assessment, subjects examined the prototype package and answered 20 questions that assessed understanding of six key concepts related to appropriate use of the product.

Results

The analysis population included 335 subjects, 54 to 59 of each year of age between 12 and 17 years. When asked what the product is used for, 264 respondents (79%) specifically indicated contraception. The six key concepts were each understood by 83-96% of subjects. In all 24 population subgroups examined, each key concept was understood by at least 72% of subjects.

Conclusion

Female adolescents aged 17 years and younger understand the prototype package label well enough to enable safe and effective use without assistance from a clinician.     

肿瘤特异性受体显像剂Octreotide(奥曲肽)的99Tcm标记与纯化方法研究

目的　SnCl2 还原法99Tcm 标记奥曲肽 (octreotide)并纯化 ,计算标记率与放化纯度。方法　用SnCl2 将99TcmO- 4中 7价的锝还原成低态价 ( 5、 4等 )的锝 ,标记奥曲肽 ,并用SephadexG1 0层析柱纯化99Tcm 奥曲肽 ,层析纸与薄层层析法计算标记率与放化纯度。结果　上述方法获得的99Tcm 奥曲肽标记率为 97.3 %～ 98% ,放化纯度为 98.1 9%± 0 .1 7%。结论　此方法标记奥曲肽有较高的标记率 ,无需进一步纯化 ,可用于肿瘤生长抑素受体显像。     

医学社会学的社会互动理论研究 ——社会创造与标定下的角色偏离及其扩充分类

应对功能理论解释力的日渐式微,医学社会学理论研究的又一重要成果--社会互动理论应运而生.它以对疾病的社会解释为背景,从个体是否对这种偏离负有责任、偏离获得性的严重程度、偏离获得性的合法地位3个角度出发,在患病类型分类的理论与研究领域中完成了对帕森斯功能理论的再建构.