Indications and limitations of locked plating

The goal of fracture fixation is to achieve bone healing and restore the function of the injured limb in the shortest possible time without compromising safety. Newer technologies such as the locking compression plate (LCP) and its derivatives are valuable additions to the orthopaedic traumatologist's armamentarium. As with any emerging technology, the indications will be extended until a threshold is reached and the limitations of the technology are seen. It is vital that surgeons involved in fracture care are aware of when locked plating is superior to other methods and also when they should use another treatment modality.This paper reviews the use of locked plating as a fixation method. Five topics covered in this review are: a historical perspective on locked plating, general indications, specific modes and techniques, patterns of failure, and an anatomical overview of current indications for locked plating.     

微创内固定系统治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折的初步报告

目的探讨微创内固定系统(LISS)治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折的可行性、手术技术及指征,并总结其近期临床治疗效果。方法自2005年6月～2006年5月,应用LISS治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折12例。骨折采用AO分类法,其中转子间骨折5例：31-A2．2型2例,31-A2．3型2例,31-A3．3型1例；转子下骨折7例：32-A3．1型1例,32-B1．1型3例,32-B2．1型1例,32-B3．1型2例。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,术后观察有无感染、下肢深静脉血栓、心肺疾患、应激性溃疡等并发症。术后1、2、3、6、12个月时常规随访。结果手术时间50～90 min,平均65 min；出血量50～400 mL,平均142 mL,术后住院时间6～15 d,平均9．3 d。无死亡病例。所有患者均未出现切口感染、下肢深静脉血栓、术后心肺疾患、应激性溃疡等并发症。12例均获得3～14个月(平均7．2个月)随访。10例在术后3个月复查骨折时达到临床愈合,1例假体周围骨折术后4个月、1例病理性骨折术后6个月达到临床愈合。所有患者在最后一次随访时均无骨折再移位、髋内翻畸形、内固定切出、内固定失败及股骨头坏死。结论微创反向使用股骨LISS从生物力学和解剖结构上都能满足股骨近端骨折内固定要求,并具有创伤小、操作简便、固定可靠、安全性高、并发症少的特点,尤其适用于老年人合并内科疾病、骨质疏松较重的转子间骨折及复杂的股骨近端骨折。熟练掌握间接复位技术,正确放置A孔导针,避免过早负重是手术成功的关键。     

PFNA及倒置LISS钢板治疗股骨近端骨折效果比较

目的 探讨PFNA及倒置LISS钢板治疗股骨近端骨折临床疗效.方法 PFNA组患者给予股骨近端螺旋刀片防旋髓内钉内固定治疗;LISS组患者给予倒置股骨远端锁定接骨钢板内固定治疗.结果 PFNA组与LISS组股骨近端骨折患者手术时间、术中出血量、Harris评分结果、并发症发生率对比无显著差异（P＞0.05）;PFNA组患者术后负重及骨折愈合所需时间均较LISS组显著减少,对比结果具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 PFNA内固定治疗术后负重及骨折愈合所需时间较短,但在实际应用中,临床医师应根据股骨近端骨折患者实际情况进行综合判断,选择合适的内固定物进行手术治疗.     

Revolution in plate osteosynthesis: new internal fixator systems

 Conventional plating has been performed since the nineteenth century, and since then Lambotte, Danis, and others have developed new plate designs to restore fractured bones. At the early stage of plating, mechanical aspects were the focus, and the biology of the bone was sometimes neglected. During the 1980s the AO/ASIF group started to work on new plate designs to minimize the disadvantages of plating with respect to cortical perfusion. To overcome the negative effect of compression forces on the periosteum, a new generation of plates, or internal fixators, were created. The key to these internal fixators is the locking mechanism of the screw in the implant, which provides angular stability. This technical detail ensures that compression forces on the bone surface are not necessary to gain stability of the bone–implant construct, which improves fracture healing and provides an excellent holding force even in osteoporotic bone. The locking mechanism also makes the technique of percutaneous plating easier because, in contrast to conventional plates, the fragments are not pulled toward the implant by the locking screws. The new internal fixator systems [LISS (less invasive stabilization system) and LCP (locking compression plates)] offer new approaches to trauma surgery, especially for metaphyseal fractures. Received: July 22, 2002 Offprint requests to: M. Schütz Presented at the 75th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, Okayama, Japan, May 18, 2002     

LISS固定系统治疗股骨远端骨折

目的：探讨应用AO微创内固定系统（tass）治疗股骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法：应用LISS治疗股骨远端骨折15例,33-A2骨折2例,33-A3骨折5例,33-C2骨折5例,33-C3骨折3例;其中9例开放骨折均为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,有4例患者为多发骨折患者,伤后4d（2～7d）应用LISS行内固定治疗。结果：所有患者随访3—19个月,骨折均连接,骨折愈合时间8～18周,未出现钢板螺钉松动移位、骨折塌陷、复位丢失等。股骨远端骨折15例,HSS评分优5例;良7例;可3例。膝关节活动范围70°-140°,所有患者膝关节行走无疼痛。结论：LISS能有效治疗各种分型的股骨远端骨折。     

经皮加压钢板系统和倒置微创内固定系统置入治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的半年随访

背景：近年来以股骨近端髓内钉、防旋股骨近端髓内钉为代表的髓内固定系统治疗股骨转子间骨折报道较多,但两者比较分析的研究较少。 目的：探讨经皮加压钢板和倒置微创内固定两种治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。 方法：经皮加压钢板置入21例,倒置微创系统置入15例,年龄65~91岁。观察置入后并发症及髋关节功能Harris评分。 结果与结论：全部获得随访6个月,髋关节功能经皮加压钢板组优良率87%,倒置微创内固定组87%。两组患者并发症少,没有患者发生钢板螺钉松动断裂、深静脉血栓形成、髋内翻。提示对于使用髓内固定系统有困难的老年股骨转子间骨折,用此两种微创髓外固定系统也可达到理想的治疗效果。     

AO微创内固定系统在波及胫骨平台长段胫骨骨折中的应用

目的总结微创稳定系统（LISS）治疗波及胫骨平台长段胫骨的外科经验和临床效果。方法2005年1月-2006年10月，我院利用AO胫骨近端微创内固定系统9孔、13孔钢板固定范围长，同时又可固定胫骨平台骨折的特点，治疗波及胫骨平台长段胫骨骨折17例，随访16例，包括X线摄片和膝关节功能的评分。结果全部患者被随访至骨折愈合。没有固定的丢失和骨折的不愈合，没有钢板和螺钉的变形，没有软组织的感染。关节功能根据lohner—Wruhs关节功能评定标准：优13例，良2例，可1例。优良率为93．8％。结论LISS内固定系统在不需要额外保持骨折中间稳定的情况下，便能成功地治疗波及胫骨平台长段胫骨骨折，取得较好的功能结果和较低的并发症。LISS对于波及胫骨平台长段胫骨骨折提供了稳定的固定、较高的愈合率、较低的创伤。此项技术成功运用新的外科原理，解决了波及胫骨平台长段胫骨骨折的固定问题。     

闭合复位LISS钢板内固定治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折的治疗体会

目的 通过微创LISS钢板内固定系统治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折的初步临床效果,探讨LISS钢板对老年肱骨外科颈骨折的影响.方法 2005年11月～2007年10月通过对15例老年肱骨外科颈骨折患者进行闭合复位LISS钢板内固定术.结果 本组15例均得到随访,愈合时间8～15个月,平均10个月.X线片复查骨折对位对线良好,肩关节功能良好.结论 LISS治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折可给予良好的固定,且对软组织的破坏极少,不加重肱骨头的缺血,骨不连及肱骨头坏死的发生率大大降低,术后并发症少,是一种较好的内固定方法.     

The pH, conductivity and osmolality of low ionic strength solutions used within the U.K. for the antiglobulin test

Summary. Low ionic strength solutions (LISS) for use in the antiglobulin test were obtained from 356 U.K. laboratories. Of the 324 laboratories using LISS to suspend the test red cells and who returned details of their LISS technique, 15 used unequal proportions of red cell suspension and serum despite the LISS being formulated for use with equal proportions. Of the 22 laboratories mixing LISS with serum and red cells suspended in a normal ionic strength medium, four used a LISS preparation formulated for a LISS-suspension technique and three used a commercially available LISS-addition preparation using proportions of red cells, serum and LISS not recommended by the manufacturer. The mean (standard deviation) pH, conductivity and osmolality of the 334 LISS preparations for LISS-suspenson was 6·9 (0·2), 4·1 (0·4) mS/cm and 298 (15) mmole/kg, respectively. It is suggested that attention should be paid to the osmolality and, particularly, conductivity during the preparation of LISS because values were observed that were clearly outside the acceptable range cited in the Guidelines for the Blood Transfusion Services in the United Kingdom , i.e. pH 6·7 ± 0·2, conductivity 3·7 ± 0·3 mS/cm and osmolality 295 ± 5 mmole/kg.     

LISS钢板治疗老年人股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨AO微创内固定系统(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)在老年人股骨粗隆间骨折中的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析LISS钢板治疗老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折的71例(试验组),以同期用DHS治疗的68例患者作为对照组.对比分析两组患者术中情况、术后并发症、骨折愈合时间、负重时...