Kindergarten children's representation and understanding of written number symbols

Two samples of kindergarten children's representation and understanding of written number symbols were examined in two time points in one academic year. About 85% of Chinese five year olds (mean = 5 years 10 months) were able to use conventional number symbols to represent the quantity of 30 or larger. At the end of the kindergarten year, 94% of Chinese six year olds (mean = 6 years 4 months) were able to use conventional number symbols to represent the quantity of 100 or larger. Some Chinese six year olds had problems in representing written addition and subtraction tasks. Children's ability to represent written number symbols, ability to represent written addition and subtraction formula and their performance on written addition and subtraction were closely related. The performance of children in a university-affiliated childcare center was better than that of the center serving working-class families in Time 1, but the performance reversed at the end of the kindergarten year.     

某幼儿园1991～2005年儿童传染病发病趋势分析

[目的]了解幼儿园儿童传染病发病情况和流行趋势,为制定传染病防治策略提供依据.[方法]统计幼儿园内每年发病儿童人数与当年9月份在园儿童人数相比得出当年各种传染病发病率,对传染病进行特征性分析,用统计软件SPSS11.0作u检验.[结果]幼儿园是儿童传染病易感者集中的场所,1年12个月均有传染病发生.9种常见传染病中,腮腺炎、水痘、手足口病的发病率居顺构前3位.与计划免疫相关的“病”未见发病.乙肝自1994年以来未有检出.手足口病自2000年首次发病,发病率居近4年来各种传染病发病率之首.[结论]有必要将流腮疫苗和水痘疫苗纳入计划管理.重视对手足口病的监测,将手足口病纳入幼儿园常见传染病的管理之中.     

53所托幼园所卫生保健状况调查

为对我区托幼园所卫生保健工作的进一步开展提供参考,本文对和平区53所托幼园所的卫生保健工作状况进行了调查。结果表明,和平区集体托幼卫生保健工作较好地达到了卫生部颁布的“托儿所、幼儿园卫生保健制度“规定的标准。总结出坚持“五化”管理,抓好全区集体托幼卫生保健工作的经验,同时找出了存在的问题,提出了加强基础管理的对策。     

Educators’ perceptions of school readiness within the context of a kindergarten entry assessment in Alaska

ABSTRACT

This empirical study examined educators’ perceptions of kindergarten readiness, within the context of a larger study on the perceptions and use of the Alaska Developmental Profile, a mandated kindergarten entry assessment (KEA). The participants (n?=?17) were primarily kindergarten teachers with varying years of experience. Data were collected through the use of surveys and semi-structured interviews and analyzed utilizing a qualitative approach. The results of the study suggest that educators’ perceptions of kindergarten readiness reflect a ‘come as you are’ philosophy and that ideally, children will come to kindergarten with some preschool experiences and some academic and social-emotional skills. The results also indicate that educators’ perceptions are not impacted by the use or results of a KEA. These findings encourage readers to consider how KEAs impact educators, what roles educators play in considering kindergarten readiness, and how schools might be ready for kindergartners instead of children being ‘ready’ for kindergarten.     

健康教育干预对预防儿童维生素A缺乏的效果评价

目的:探讨在幼儿园开展儿童维生素A缺乏健康教育的效果。方法:随机抽取育才幼儿园181名儿童及其家长为研究对象对其实施健康教育,对比健康教育前后家长及儿童对相关知识的掌握程度。结果:通过对家长及儿童的健康教育,实施181名儿童及其家长对儿童维生素A营养缺乏及防治知识掌握程度比较干预前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:实施儿童维生素A缺乏的健康教育对家长及儿童对于维生素A摄入的知识、态度、行为有重要影响,健康教育是控制儿童维生素A缺乏的重要措施,健康教育技术适宜在社区及幼儿园推广应用并持续推进。     

重庆市托幼机构儿童膳食营养调查

目的 了解重庆市各级托幼机构儿童膳食营养状况。方法 分层整群随机抽取重庆市11个区县的295个托幼机构,其中一级托幼机构47个,二级托幼机构88个,三级托幼机构160个。采用称重法对各级托幼机构进行膳食营养调查,对各级托幼机构的膳食达标率进行比较分析。结果 各级托幼机构儿童膳食中,能量、蛋白质、大多数维生素、矿物质和优质蛋白质供给的达标率60%,而维生素A、抗坏血酸、钙、锌供给的达标率60%。早、中、晚三餐及点心供热比达标率均40%。不同级别托幼机构的部分营养素指标达标率差异显著,表现为一级托幼机构最优。结论 重庆市各级托幼机构膳食营养状况较好,但仍存在营养素构成不均衡的问题,需进一步加强对托幼机构的膳食指导,尤其是二级和三级托幼机构。     

Food intake survey of kindergarten children in Korea: Part 1 food,energy, and nutrient intake

Objectives

Nutrient intakes of children were surveyed at the time when a nation-wide shift took place in the Republic of Korea from agriculture-based to industrialized society. Taking advantage of the survey locations (see below), possible delay in nutritional improvement in rural areas (as compared with that in an urban area) was also examined.

Methods

In total, 108 4- to 6-year-old children (boys and girls in combination) in 4 kindergartens (KGs; 1 in Seoul and 3 in Jeju Island) participated in the survey in 2003–2004. 24-h food duplicate samples were prepared by the mother of each child. Food items in each duplicate sample were separated and coded with reference to the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans (the 2005 version). Nutrient intake of the day was estimated from the code and weight followed by summation for daily intake.

Results

The children in the KG in Seoul studied were younger, and therefore were smaller in body size than those in other KGs. Thus, it was considered necessary to evaluate nutrient intake not only on a daily basis, but after adjustment for body weight. The AM daily intake of energy (protein in parenthesis) for the 108 children was 1479 kcal (55 g)/day or 69.8 kcal (2.6 g)/kg body weight/day. Evaluation by individual nutrient suggested that the intake was sufficient for almost all nutrients except for sodium and potassium. Sodium and potassium intake (2285 and 1840 mg/day, respectively) was in excess and insufficient, respectively, with potential risk of inducing hypertension later in life.

Conclusions

Inter-KG difference was not remarkable and therefore urban–rural difference was not apparent. Nutrient intakes as a whole appeared to be sufficient urban and rural areas. Nevertheless, excess Na intake coupled with insufficient K intake was a common problem.     

上海市中心城区某幼儿园一例肺结核患者密切接触者筛查情况分析

目的 分析上海市中心城区某幼儿园1例肺结核患者密切接触者筛查情况,为完善托幼机构结核病防控提供依据。方法 分别于2019年2月15日和2019年3月14日对2019年1月14日确诊的上海市中心城区某幼儿园1例肺结核教职工的128名密切接触者进行流行病学筛查,包括肺结核疑似症状筛查、结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染检测[γ干扰素释放试验(interferon-γ releaseassays,IGRA)]、胸部X线摄片或CT检查,以及痰涂片和痰培养;并对不同特征密切接触者(性别、卡介苗接种情况、有无疑似肺结核症状、近期呼吸系统疾病就诊史、暴露等级)的潜伏感染情况进行分析。结果 128名密切接触者中,幼儿107名(83.59%),教职工21名(16.41%)。疑似肺结核症状阳性率为5.47%(7/128),其中幼儿为5.61%(6/107),教职工为4.76%(1/21)。两次筛查中,共125名密接者(3名幼儿拒绝检测)进行了IGRA检测,阳性者11例(8.80%),包括幼儿4例(3.20%),教职工7例(5.60%)。肺结核的检出率为0.78%(1/128),总潜伏感染率为8.06%(10/124;排除1例确诊和3名未进行IGRA检测的幼儿),其中幼儿的潜伏感染率[2.91%(3/103)]明显低于教职工[33.33%(7/21)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=21.773,P=0.000)。7例潜伏感染教职工进行了3、6、12个月末的胸片随访,3例潜伏感染幼儿进行了3个月的预防性抗结核药品干预治疗;经1年随访观察均无续发结核病患者。单因素分析显示,接种卡介苗者的潜伏感染率[5.13%(6/117)]与未接种者(4/7)比较,差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.001);高暴露等级者的潜伏感染率[17.07%(7/41)]明显高于中暴露等级者 [3.61%(3/83)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.012,P=0.025)。结论 应加强托幼机构教职员工健康体检,积极行IGRA检测筛查结核病患者密切接触者,尤其是无卡介苗接种史和高暴露者。对结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染者行预防性服药或胸片随访对防止续发肺结核有重要意义。     

“幼儿园效应”在3~5岁儿童肿瘤放疗中的应用研究北大核心CSCD

目的根据3~5岁学龄前儿童心理,将“幼儿园效应”引入到儿童肿瘤放射治疗(简称放疗)中,并评价临床应用效果。方法前瞻性将2020年1月至2021年8月在天津医科大学肿瘤医院放疗科收治的3~5岁患儿30例,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组15例。试验组患儿在治疗时采用“幼儿园模式”,即患儿们按规定时间一起来治疗,并待所有患儿治疗结束后一起离开。对照组患儿按放疗固定装置类型预约治疗时间,与成年患者穿插治疗。评估两组患儿的配合度,并比较两组患儿在头脚方向(superior-inferior,SI)、左右方向(left-right,LR)和前后方向(anteriorposterior,AP)上的摆位误差。结果试验组患儿平均治疗时间较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05);发生中断情况的比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组患儿行图像引导放疗后在SI、LR、AP3个方向上的平均误差均小于对照组,其中在SI、LR 2个方向上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论利用这种“幼儿园效应”,放疗中大部分儿童可以积极配合,同时可以提高摆位的准确性和重复性,达到预期疗效。