Hip Displacement in Cerebral Palsy: The Role of Surveillance

IntroductionHip displacement is common in cerebral palsy (CP) and is related to the severity of neurological and functional impairment. It is a silent, but progressive disease, and can result in significant morbidity and decreased quality of life, if left untreated. The pathophysiology of hip displacement in CP is a combination of hip flexor-adductor muscle spasticity, abductor muscle weakness, and delayed weight-bearing, resulting in proximal femoral deformities and progressive acetabular dysplasia. Due to a lack of symptoms in the early stages of hip displacement, the diagnosis is easily missed. Awareness of this condition and regular surveillance by clinical examination and serial radiographs of the hips are the key to early diagnosis and treatment.Hip surveillance programmesSeveral population-based studies from around the world have demonstrated that universal hip surveillance in children with CP allows early detection of hip displacement and appropriate early intervention, with a resultant decrease in painful dislocations. Global hip surveillance models are based upon the patients’ age, functional level determined by the Gross Motor Function Classification system (GMFCS), gait classification, standardized clinical exam, and radiographic indices such as the migration percentage (MP), as critical indicators of progressive hip displacement.ConclusionDespite 25 years of evidence showing the efficacy of established hip surveillance programmes, there is poor awareness among healthcare professionals in India about the importance of regular hip surveillance in children with CP. There is a need for professional organizations to develop evidence-based guidelines for hip surveillance which are relevant to the Indian context.     

99mTc-DTPA核素肾动态显像评价主动脉夹层患者术后肾功能受损研究

目的:应用99mTc-DTPA肾动脉显像评价Stanford不同分型主动脉夹层患者术后左、右侧肾功能及总体肾功能受损程度,帮助临床制定进一步的治疗方案,改善患者预后。方法:回顾性分析2018年3月8日至2019年7月19日,在本院核医学科行99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像的主动脉夹层术后患者48例,评价患者双肾血流灌注、总肾小球滤过率(GFR)和分肾的GFR,比较Stanford主动脉夹层A型(简称A型)患者和主动脉夹层B型(简称B型)患者之间总肾功能及分肾功能,血肌酐、血尿素氮及血尿酸水平的差异。结果:B型患者术后总GFR低于A型患者(67.5 vs.80.6 m L/min,P<0.05),其中以左肾功能受损为著(30.9 vs.40.3 m L/min,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:肾动态显像对主动脉夹层术后患者早期评价肾功能有重要价值。主动脉夹层B型患者GFR较A型减低,且左侧肾GFR减低更明显,临床可以早期采取干预措施,改善主动脉夹层患者预后。     

Quantification of Basal and Stimulated ROS Levels as Predictors of Islet Potency and Function

We have developed a luminol-based assay using intact islets, which allows for quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, an index capable of characterizing metabolic and mitochondrial integrity prior to transplantation was created based on the capacity of islets to respond to high glucose and rotenone (mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor) by production of ROS. To validate this assay, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense capacity were evaluated by detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), respectively. Also, flow cytometric analyses of ROS (dihydroethidine), apoptosis (Annexin V, active caspases), necrosis (Topro3), and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) were done in parallel to correlate with changes in luminol-measured ROS. ATP/ADP ratios were quantified by HPLC and the predictive value of ROS measurement on islet functional potency was correlated with capacity to reverse diabetes in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic NOD.scid mouse model as well as in human transplant recipients. Our data demonstrate that levels of ROS in islets correlate with the percentage of apoptotic cells and their functional potency in vivo. The ROS indices following glucose and rotenone exposure are indicative of metabolic potency and mitochondrial integrity and can be used as surrogate markers to evaluate the quality of islets prior to transplantation.     

非功能性胰岛细胞瘤16例临床分析

目的探讨非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法对近16年间收治的非功能性胰岛细胞瘤16例临床资料回顾性分析。其中位于胰头部4例,胰体尾部12例,瘤体长径平均12cm。结果行肿瘤摘除术6例,胰十二指肠切除术3例,行包括肿瘤在内的远端胰腺及脾脏切除3例,保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术3例,因肿瘤广泛侵浸未能切除1例。治愈性切除率为93.75%(15/16),全组无手术死亡。随访资料显示:11例良性肿瘤患者全部存活,已2～16年。5例恶性肿瘤患者中,1例因肿瘤广泛侵犯未能切除者,术后5个月死于多器官衰竭;1例胰体尾切除并左肝切除者存活2年;胰十二肠切除者2例,分别存活1年和6年,胰体尾切除加脾切除1例已存活12年8个月。结论钡餐,B超,CT,MRI,以及ERCP对该病有诊断价值,手术切除是治疗非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的主要方法,效果良好。     

社区干预治疗对促进脑梗死患者功能恢复效果分析

目的探讨社区干预治疗对促进脑梗死患者功能恢复的效果。方法以自愿的方式选择通州区经委社区卫生服务站和八里桥社区卫生服务站所管辖社区内38例脑梗死恢复期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对治疗组患者进行为期1年的社区干预治疗,比较治疗组与对照组患者功能恢复情况(日常生活活动能力)。结果通过1年的早期社区干预治疗,治疗组较对照组患者功能恢复效果明显提高(P<0.01)。结论早期社区干预治疗对脑梗死患者功能恢复有促进作用。     

尿转化生长因子-β1和细胞外基质在慢性肾小球肾病中的变化

目的：探讨尿中转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）和细胞外基质（ECM）在各种慢性肾小球肾病患者中的变化及其临床意义。方法：将105例慢性肾小球患者进行临床和病理分组,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）分别检测各组的尿TGF-β1水平,同时采用放射免疫分析法（RIA）检测尿中的各种ECM,所有检测值均用尿肌酐（Cr）浓度进行校正。结果：在不同临床分组中,尿TGF-β1/Cr和LN/Cr、PCⅢ/Cr、Ⅳ-C/Cr水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,尿HA/Cr水平则在Ⅲ、Ⅳ组中出现下降。而在不同的病理分组中,肾小球轻微病变（GML）组尿中TGF-β1、ECM与对照组比较无统计学意义,其他各病理分组则出现不同的变化。相关性分析尿TGF-β1/Cr与LN/Cr、PCⅢ/Cr、Ⅳ-C/Cr正相关,与HA/Cr无相关性。结论：通过尿TGF-β1和ECM在慢性肾小球肾病患者中的联合检测,对评价慢性肾小球肾病的进展和预后判断提供一定的临床价值。     

血清胱抑素C对高血压和糖尿病早期肾功能损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平对高血压、糖尿病早期肾功能损害的临床价值。方法收集22例高血压患者、28例糖尿病患者及44例肾病患者的血清标本,用酶法测定血清肌酐、尿素氮,用颗粒增强免疫比浊法测定血清Cys-C,放射免疫法测定β2-微球蛋白。结果血清Cys-C和β2-微球蛋白的异常检出率显著高于血清肌酐、尿素氮;高血压及糖尿病两组患者血清Cys-C水平均较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.01);肾病组各项检测指标均显著高于高血压组、糖尿病组和正常对照组。结论对早期肾功能损害的诊断价值,血清Cys-C测定敏感性稍次于β2-微球蛋白,但其特异性优于血清β2-微球蛋白,综合比较,血清Cys-C可作为高血压及糖尿病早期肾功能损害的辅助诊断指标之一。     

尿动力学检查对膀胱颈硬化症逼尿肌功能评价的研究

目的：探讨如何准确评价膀胱颈硬化症逼尿肌功能。方法：对78例膀胱颈硬化症患者进行了尿动力学检查。结果：单纯性逼尿肌收缩力增高者39例，术后疗效不佳的发生率为0；逼尿肌不稳定者31例，术后疗效不佳的发生率为46%；逼尿肌收缩无力者8例，术后疗效不佳的发生率为100%。结论：应用尿动力学检查来评价膀胱颈硬化症逼尿肌功能，对合理选择病倒，指导临床治疗，提高疗效有重要的价值。