刺果甘草全基因组Survey及叶绿体基因组特征分析＊

目的 基于基因组Survey分析对刺果甘草Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.基因组大小和杂合率进行估计，并通过叶绿体基因组序列特征对其在甘草属Glycyrrhiza L.中的系统发育位置进行研究。方法 使用二代测序技术对刺果甘草进行测序，采用K-mer方法对测序reads进行分析，估算刺果甘草基因组大小和杂合率，使用生物信息学方法进行叶绿体基因组组装、注释和系统发育分析。结果 Survey分析结果显示其基因组大小约为577.82 Mb，杂合度约为0.31%，重复序列比例约为53.72%。叶绿体基因组长度为127，267 bp，不具有典型的四分体结构，总GC含量为34.32%，包含110个基因，其中76个蛋白质编码基因，30个tRNA基因和4个rRNA基因。系统发育分析表明，刺果甘草与圆果甘草G. squamulosa Franch.亲缘较接近。结论 刺果甘草存在低杂合和重复序列较多的特点，为了更好地对全基因组进行序列拼接和组装，可尝试采用三代测序结合二代测序的分析策略进行基因组组装；刺果甘草叶绿体全基因组比对和系统发育分析，为后续开展甘草属遗传多样性研究和分子鉴定标记筛选提供了重要依据。     

鸢尾中鸢尾酮的鉴定及含量测定

目的 建立鸢尾中鸢尾酮的鉴定和分析方法。方法 采用气相色谱-质谱法鉴定了鸢尾酮的3种异构体，并采用气相色谱法测定了鸢尾浸膏中鸢尾酮的含量。结果 根据质谱裂解规律鉴定了3种鸢尾酮的异构体：α-、β-、γ-鸢尾酮，并且鸢尾浸膏中主要含γ-鸢尾酮。两批鸢尾中鸢尾酮的质量分数分别为687、238μg/g(n=6)，质量分数差异较大。结论 采用气相色谱一质谱法和气相色谱法分析鸢尾中鸢尾酮，方法高效、准确，分析时间适中。     

头顶一颗珠地下根茎无性繁殖研究

头顶一颗珠为国家二类保护植物，又为名贵药材，其根茎无性繁殖比种子有性繁殖缩短生育期２ａ；从出苗到入药提早１２ｍｏ；平均单株根茎干重增加６％；无性繁殖系数可达１０～１２，在生产上有利用价值     

Interleukin-1 beta gene polymorphism related with allergic pathogenesis in Iris constitution

Iridological constitution has a strong familial aggregation and is implicated in heredity. The aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease is still unknown. However, from genetic epidemiological studies there is considerable evidence that genetic factors are associated with both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We investigated the relationships between Iridological constitution and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) gene polymorphism. IL-1β is a major proinflammatiry cytokine, and the polymorphisms of this gene have been shown to be of importance in a number of diseases. Especially, IL-1 has been suspected of involvement in allergic pathogenesis. Also, IL-1β genotype is one of the genetic markers of gastric cancer. Therefore, we classified 166 individuals according to Iris constitution, and determined IL-1β genotype. The frequencies of Iris constitutions as follows: neurogenic type, 41 (24.7%); abdominal connective tissue weakness type, 53 (31.9%); cardio-renal connective tissue weakness type, 50 (30.1%); the others type, 22 (13.3%). Especially, the frequency of abdominal connective tissue weakness type was higher in C/T genotype than in the remaining constitutions although the statistical power was very weak. Furthermore, we first attempted to explore possible involvement of the IL-1β polymorphism and the Iris constitution.     

Iris (Lisch) nodules in neurofibromatosis

A group of 30 patients ranging from 4 to 56 years of age with the peripheral form of neurofibromatosis were evaluated for the presence of iris (Lisch) nodules. These nodules were observed in 73% of our cases and their presence was directly related to the severity of the skin manifestations of the disease. It is concluded that Lisch nodules are pathognomonic for neurofibromatosis and thus, their presence should be looked for in all suspected cases.     

Chlorhexidine-induced degeneration of adrenergic nerves

Summary Possible toxic effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the sympathetic adrenergic ground plexus were studied in whole mounts of albino rat irides using Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry. CHX dissolved in an isotone, buffered sodium-acetate solution or in 70% alcohol was injected into the anterior chamber of eye. CHX caused a marked and dose-dependent degeneration of adrenergic nerves. Two days after the lowest dose, 0,25 g (5 l of a 0.05% CHX solution), approximately 30% of the nerves had disappeared. Almost complete degeneration was observed after the same time with higher doses (2.5 g, 5.0 g, and 7.5 g corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% CHX respectively). Two weeks after the lowest dose, the nerves had regenerated almost completely. With the highest dose used, only some 40% of the normal adrenergic nerve plexus had reformed after 51 days. Alcohol as a solvent did not have an additive effect on the neurotoxic action caused by CHX. The results demonstrate yet another aspect of chlorhexidine neurotoxicity, degeneration of peripheral adrenergic nerve terminals. This suggests that neurotoxic actions on thin unmyelinated fiber systems should be looked for also in the central nervous system (CNS).Supported by the Swedisch Council for Planning and Coordination of Research (Project: Chemical Hazards in the Environment), The Swedish Medical Research Council (14X-03185; 14P-5867; 04P-6889), Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse, and Karolinska Institute Fonder     

箭叶淫羊藿不同时期根际微生物群落组成及其与有效成分累积的相关性分

目的 通过分析箭叶淫羊藿Epimediumsagittatum不同生育期根际微生物群落结构及其与主要药用有效成分累积之间的相关性,探讨箭叶淫羊藿根际土壤微生物对其药材有效成分的影响,为箭叶淫羊藿的优质高产栽培提供科学依据。方法 以三年生箭叶淫羊藿的根际土为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术对根际细菌和真菌群落结构进行分析,同时测定根际土壤理化性质、酶活性及不同生育期药材总黄酮、淫羊藿苷等有效成分含量,通过皮尔逊相关性分析探究土壤生态因子与有效成分之间的关系。结果 高通量测序结果显示,箭叶淫羊藿根际细菌优势菌属包括Candidatus＿Solibacter、苔藓杆菌属、嗜酸栖热菌属、芽单胞菌属等,其中,Candidatus＿Solibacter属在5个生长时期的平均丰度值最高。根际真菌优势菌属中被孢霉属相对丰度占比最大,在花蕾期样品中的丰度值高达44.27%。UPGMA聚类和非度量多维标定法（NMDS）分析表明,花蕾期、盛花期、果实膨大期及盛果期的根际土壤细菌和真菌结构相似,而药材质量稳定期与前4个时期的根际微生物群落结构存在明显差异。同时,皮尔逊相关性分析结果显示：总黄酮含量与有效磷呈显著正...     

山蒟醇提取物的抗血小板聚集作用?

以山蒟醇提取物在兔的体内和体外-体内进行抗血小板聚集实验。结果表明山蒟醇提取物可抑制由血小板活化因子和花生四烯酸所致的血小板聚集,对2者所致的血小板聚集（体外试验）的IC_（50）。分别为40． 34、345． 46 mg／L。静脉注射山蒟醇提取物30 mg／kg,15 min后产生的抗血小板聚集作用最明显,其对血小板活化因子和花生四烯酸所致的血小板聚集（体内-体外试验）的抑制率分别为82．75％和33．34％;血小板聚集的持续时间分别为60、30 min。这表明山蒟醇提取物对血小板活化因子作用有一定的选择性。     

中药山豆根的形态组织学研究

对目前国内作山豆根用的9种不同植物来源的生药进行了形态组织学的比较研究,观察并描述了它们的生药性状和组织构造,并列出了生药的分种检索表。