Policing Epistemic Deviance: Albert von Schrenck-Notzing and Albert Moll1

Shortly after the death of Albert von Schrenck-Notzing (1862–1929), the doyen of early twentieth century German para psychology, his former colleague in hypnotism and sexology Albert Moll (1862–1939) published a treatise on the psychology and pathology of parapsychologists, with Schrenck-Notzing serving as a prototype of a scientist suffering from an ‘occult complex’. Moll’s analysis concluded that parapsychologists vouching for the reality of supernormal phenomena, such as telepathy, clairvoyance, telekinesis and materialisations, suffered from a morbid will to believe, which paralysed their critical faculties and made them cover obvious mediumistic fraud. Using Moll’s treatment of Schrenck-Notzing as an historical case study of boundary disputes in science and medicine, this essay traces the career of Schrenck-Notzing as a researcher in hypnotism, sexology and parapsychology; discusses the relationship between Moll and Schrenck-Notzing; and problematises the pathologisation and defamation strategies of deviant epistemologies by authors such as Moll.     

黄花败酱草提取物镇静活性部位的研究

目的建立黄花败酱草各部位的分离方法,并确定黄花败酱草镇静作用的活性部位。方法黄花败酱全草先用70%的乙醇提取,得到的提取物进一步用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取,得到极性由小到大的3个提取部位。活性筛选采用常规的镇静催眠实验,观察黄花败酱3个不同极性提取物在戊巴比妥钠协同下对小鼠睡眠时间的影响。结果 3个不同极性的提取物中,以正丁醇萃取部分的镇静作用最明显。结论黄花败酱的正丁醇萃取部分是镇静作用的主要有效部位。     

咪达唑仑鼻用凝胶喷雾剂的镇静催眠作用研究

目的：对咪达唑仑鼻用凝胶喷雾剂的镇静催眠作用进行初探。方法：采用镇静、催眠实验,考察味达唑仑通过经鼻腔给药途径对小鼠自发活动和对戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响,以及对小鼠抬举双前肢的影响。结果：咪达唑仑鼻用凝胶喷雾剂经鼻腔给药后,可明显降低小鼠的自主活动次数,并具有良好的量效关系;可极显著地使阂下剂量戊巴比妥钠导致小鼠的入睡只数增加;各剂量组均可明显缩短给予戊巴妥钠阈上剂量后小鼠的入睡时间并延长其睡眠时间;可明显减少2min内小鼠的抬举双前肢的次数．结论：味达唑仑鼻用凝胶喷雾剂具有明显的镇静催眠作用．     

五味子宁神口服液的镇静及催眠作用研究

目的对五味子宁神口服液的镇静、催眠、抗惊厥药理作用进行初探。方法采用镇静、催眠、抗惊厥实验观察五味子宁神口服液对小鼠自主活动的影响,协同戊巴比妥钠对小鼠的催眠作用及对小鼠尼可刹米惊厥的抑制作用。结果五味子宁神口服液能明显减少小鼠自主活动次数,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠只数,延长阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠时间,延长小鼠发生惊厥的潜伏期及减少小鼠死亡只数。结论五味子宁神口服液有明显的镇静、催眠、抗惊厥作用。     

灵芝生料酿制液镇静催眠作用的研究

目的考察灵芝生料酿制液(GLB)镇静催眠药理作用。方法取NIH小鼠连续灌胃0.06,0.12,0.24g/kgGLB15d,测定GLB对实验小鼠自发活动情况,对戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量、阈剂量小鼠睡眠时间和对戊四氮致小鼠惊厥的作用。结果GLB灌胃可减少小鼠自发活动,显著延长阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠时间,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠睡眠动物数,GLB与戊巴比妥钠有协同作用。有对抗戊四氮致惊厥发作的作用,且剂量越大,作用越明显。结论GLB有明显的镇静、催眠、抗惊厥等中枢抑制作用。     

不同提取工艺酸枣仁汤的药效学研究

目的：通过药效学研究对酸枣仁汤剂提取工作进行筛选。方法：观察不同提取工艺样品对小鼠自主活动和对阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠所致睡眠时间的影响。结果：酸枣仁汤水煎液和95％醇提液均有镇静、催眠作用。结论：选取酸枣仁汤水煎液为较优提取工艺。     

催眠疗法治疗焦虑症临床疗效研究

目的　观察催眠疗法治疗焦虑症的疗效。方法　将病人随机分成两组 ,实验组采用每周 2次催眠治疗(言语性催眠 ) ,对照组口服抗焦虑剂阿普唑仑。在治疗前及治疗后 2周、 4周分别进行HAMA ,SAS评定 ,总疗程为 4周。结果　实验组HAMA总分及精神性焦虑因子分在治疗后第 2周末与治疗前差别均有非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ,躯体焦虑因子分在治疗后第 4周与治疗前差别有非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ,SAS分在治疗后第 2周与治疗前差别有非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ,治疗后不同性别间HAMA总分差别有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对照组HAMA总分 ,各因子分及SAS分均在治疗后第 2周与治疗前差别有非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　催眠疗法疗效与抗焦虑剂基本相当     

催眠针法治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效观察

目的 :观察催眠针法对原发性高血压的降压疗效。方法 :选择原发性高血压 级、 级低危、中危患者 4 0 （男2 0 ,女 2 0 ）例 ,年龄 60± 8岁 ,治疗 4周 ,测量治疗前后血压、焦虑自评量表 （ SAS）、抑郁自评量表 （ SDS）。结果 :治疗后第 2周舒张压与收缩压均下降与治疗前有显著性差异 （ P<0 .0 5 ）。结论 :原发性高血压患者经催眠针法治疗后血压逐步下降 ,焦虑抑郁情绪减轻。     

Gilles de la Tourette's criminal women: The many faces of fin de siècle hypnotism

Gilles de la Tourette is now known for the disease which now bears his name, but his activities in the management of hysterics and in hypnotism, which gained him most of his lifetime reputation, have been largely forgotten. As one of the closest followers of Jean-Martin Charcot, he always remained faithful to his mentor's views, and was one of the most vehement defenders of La Salpêtrière school during the quarrel with Hippolyte Bernheim and the Nancy school on the question of the specificity of hypnotic susceptibility in hysteria. This controversy became critical during medico-legal assessment of crimes supposedly committed under hypnotic suggestion. Gilles de la Tourette's involvement in criminal hypnotism was striking, as shown by his own experiments, the most famous of which being his suggested poisoning of a colleague by Blanche Wittman, the celebrated Charcot's hysteric patient in the 1887 Brouillet's painting. Gilles de la Tourette also acted as expert in murder trials, and his Épilogue in the Gouffé’s trunk case, where he affirmed that no murder in real life could be due to hypnotism, and considered that Gabrielle Bompard, the murderer's accomplice, was not under hypnotic suggestion, had a considerable impact. Finally, he was confronted to the issue of murder under hypnotism in his private life, since in 1893, a former patient, Rose Kamper, came and shot him in the head at his home, claiming that hypnotism sessions had changed her own person, and that she had been hypnotized “at distance”. These acts from three very different “hysterical” women highlight the Salpêtrière's theories on hypnotism and their inner contradictions in the fin de siècle ambiance, a few years before Joseph Babinski renewed the concepts on hysteria.