胆道大出血的血管造影诊断及介入治疗

目的　评价血管造影诊断及介入治疗在胆道大出血中的价值 .方法　对 16例胆道大出血病人采用介入放射技术紧急行腹腔动脉和肝动脉造影 ,明确出血部位后 ,行肝动脉分支出血点栓塞术 .结果　 16例栓塞后出血均立即停止 ,2例再发出血 ,经再次栓塞后也成功止血 .随访 3月～ 2年均无再出血或并发症 .结论　选择性肝动脉造影和栓塞术对胆道大出血诊断准确 ,止血效果确切 ,简单易行 ,安全可靠 ,应作为首选方法     

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm caused by acute idiopathic pancreatitis

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAP) is a very rare disease but in cases of complication, there is a very high mortality. The most common cause of HAP is iatrogenic trauma such as liver biopsy, transhepatic biliary drainage, cholecystectomy and hepatectomy. HAP may also occur with complications such as infections or inflammation associated with septic emboli. HAP has been reported rarely in patients with acute pancreatitis. As far as we are aware, there is no report of a case caused by acute idiopathic pancreatitis, particularly. We report a case of HAP caused by acute idiopathic pancreatitis which developed in a 61-year-old woman. The woman initially presented with acute pancreatitis due to unknown cause. After conservative management, her symptoms seemed to have improved. But eight days after admission, abdominal pain abruptly became worse again. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was rechecked and it detected a new HAP that was not seen in a previous abdominal CT. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed because of a suspicion of hemobilia as a cause of aggravated abdominal pain. ERCP confirmed hemobilia by observing fresh blood clots at the opening of the ampulla and several filling defects in the distal common bile duct on cholangiogram. Without any particular treatment such as embolization or surgical ligation, HAP thrombosed spontaneously. Three months after discharge, abdominal CT demonstrated that HAP in the left lateral segment had disappeared.     

原发性肝癌合并胆道出血致急性胰腺炎1例

原发性肝癌可继发多种并发症,其中胆管癌栓临床上较少见,胆道出血及急性胰腺炎比较罕见.因此,通过报道该例患者的诊治经过,阐述原发性肝癌并胆管癌栓及其相关并发症的诊治进展.本研究认为内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)技术对于原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓致胆道出血、急性胰腺炎患者的早期诊治具有重要价值,对于无法耐受手术的患者可结合肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoem-bolization,TACE)治疗有效控制癌栓出血,从而有助于延长患者生存期以及改善生活质量.     

超选择性肝动脉插管造影栓塞术治疗胆道大出血

目的 对超选择性肝动脉插管造影栓塞术治疗胆道大出血进行疗效评估。方法 回顾性分析1993年3月至2001年7月胆道大出血8例的临床资料，采用放射介入技术行腹腔动脉和选择性肝右或肝左动脉造影，随即行肝动脉分支出血点近端栓塞。结果 2例患者由于再出血而行第2次栓塞，所有患者均存活，随访2个月至7年无再出血。结论 超选择性肝动脉造影及栓塞安全，可靠微创，可作为胆道大出血的重要诊断及治疗依据。     

胆道出血的介入诊断与治疗(附3例报告)

目的　探讨介入在诊断与治疗胆道大出血中的应用价值。　方法　对 2例肝外伤手术后及 1例胆道结石手术后多次胆道大出血病人采用Seldinger技术行肠系膜上动脉及肝动脉插管DSA检查 ,显示胆道出血血管的部位、出血分布、假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘形成情况 ,然后用微导管插管至出血血管分支 ,应用NBCA、PVA颗粒、明胶海绵及弹簧钢圈选择性栓塞。　结果　 2例为弥漫性出血 ,1例为局限性出血 ,2例有假性动脉瘤形成 ,1例有肝动脉 -门静脉瘘形成。栓塞后造影显示出血血管成功栓塞 ,出血症状迅速停止。　结论　介入是胆道大出血诊断与治疗的有效措施。     

创伤性血胆症

目的 探讨创伤性血胆症的发病机制、临床特点及防治方法。方法 对1978-2002年国内文献报告的15例和我院收治的1例创伤性血胆症病人的临床资料进行总结分析。结果 肝破裂修补术后11例,填塞止血术后4例,PTCD 1例。伤后发生胆道出血时间:<1周6例,1-3周6例,>3周4例。右上腹疼痛15例,便血16例,呕血10例,T管流血3例,PTCD管流血1例,黄疸9例。行再次手术治疗13例,非手术治疗3例。治愈12例,死亡4例。结论 创伤性血胆症是肝外伤的严重并发症,典型表现为胆绞痛、黄疸和上消化道出血三联症。具有上消化道出血与受伤时间的脱离现象,出血多可自行缓解,但常反复发作。对肝外伤创面进行彻底清创止血是防治本症的关键。本症以手术治疗为主。     

动脉造影及栓塞在胆道出血的诊治价值

目的 探讨运用选择性动脉造影和超选择性动脉栓塞术对胆道大出血的诊断和治疗价值。方法 运用Seldinger技术对10例胆道大出血患者进行急诊选择性肝动脉及其分支造影和超选择性动脉栓塞术．栓塞材料为明胶海绵粒或弹簧圈。结果 10例均为胆道术后出血的患者，其中1例为术后3个月发生，行选择性肝动脉及其分支造影均发现异常．表现为造影剂外溢征3例，血管染色征2例和假性动脉瘤形成5例。3例经超选择性动脉栓塞术后。患者出血均停止。痊愈出院。结论 胆道大出血的急诊选择性动脉造影和超选择性动脉栓塞术是一种快速、安全、有效的诊治方法。     

Interventional treatment of hepatic arterial and venous pathology: A commentary

Hepatic aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms and fistulas (arterial biliary and arterial portal) causing blecding or portal hypertension, and arteriovenous malformations causing high output cardiac failure in adults can be successfully managed by embolization techniques. Results of embolization in infantile hemangioendotheliomas are less uniform and tumors with massive arteriovenous shunting are difficult to manage. Transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunts using expendable stents have been successfully created in patients and have effectively controlled portal hypertension and variceal bleeding.     

A case of hemocholecyst associated with hemobilia following radiofrequency ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is performed as an alternative to surgical resection for primary or secondary liver malignancies. Although RFA can be performed safely in most patients, early and late complications related to mechanical or thermal damage occur in 8-9.5% cases. Hemocholecyst, which refers to hemorrhage of the gallbladder, has been reported with primary gallbladder disease or as a secondary event associated with hemobilia. Hemobilia, defined as hemorrhage in the biliary tract and most commonly associated with accidental or iatrogenic trauma, is a rare complication of RFA. Here we report a case of hemocholecyst associated with hemobilia after RFA for hepatocellular carcinoma that was successfully managed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.