睾酮对低氧小鼠红细胞比容和血清促红细胞生成素的影响

为了观察性激素对红细胞生成的作用,应用低压舱(0.42atm,22h/d)分别给小鼠注射人重组促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)、睾酮、皮质醇,检测红细胞比容(Hct)和血清促红细胞生成素(sEPO)的变化。结果表明:低氧6d后,各组sEPO均显著升高(P<0.05);注射rhEPO或睾酮组的Hct显著增加(P<0.05);注射rhEPO或睾酮组的Hct显著增加(P<0.05),而注射皮质醇组Hct改变不显著(P>0.05)。     

清开灵治疗脑梗死血液物化检测结果的临床研究

目的:研究清开灵对脑梗死的治疗作用。方法:用血液生物物理化学(以下简称血液物化)检测用清开灵治疗脑梗死前后的血液物化指标的变化。结果:清开灵能降低红细胞压积(Hct)和血粘度(WBV)。结论:清开灵不是对所有血栓指标都有降低作用,只是对部分指标有降低作用。     

Toxicological assessment of a particulate yeast (1,3/1,6)-beta-D-glucan in rats.

This study investigates the toxicity of WGP 3-6, a yeast-derived beta-glucan ingredient, during single-dose acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in rats. For the acute study, Fisher-344 rats were administered WGP 3-6 via gavage at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, and any evidence of toxicity was monitored over a 14-day period. WGP 3-6 was well tolerated, indicating that the LD(50) value is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. For the sub-chronic study, Fisher-344 rats (10/sex/group) were randomly allocated to receive daily gavage treatment with WGP 3-6 at doses of 0, 2, 33.3, or 100 mg/kg body weight. Control and high-dose satellite recovery groups of each sex also were included. Full toxicological monitoring and endpoint investigations were performed throughout and upon completion of the study. No negative effects on animal weights or food consumption attributable to WGP 3-6 were evident at any dose. In addition, no mortality, clinical pathology, functional/behavioral, microscopic, or gross observations indicating toxicity were observed. Sporadic changes in some biochemical and hematological parameters were observed; however, since the effects were within the physiological ranges in historical controls, were not dose-responsive, or were not observed in both sexes, they were determined to be of no toxicological significance. In conclusion, no adverse or toxic effects were observed after subchronic oral administration of 2, 33.3, or 100mg/kg body weight/day of WGP 3-6 in Fisher-344 rats, and therefore, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 100 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested, was determined.     

Toxicologic evaluation of modified gum acacia: mutagenicity, acute and subchronic toxicity.

Modified gum acacia, produced from acacia gum by a process analogous to the production of modified food starch, was tested for mutagenicity in the microbial reverse mutation assay. The assay employed a wide range of dose levels, both with and without metabolic activation. Test results gave no indication that modified gum acacia possessed any mutagenic potential. The acute oral toxicity of modified gum acacia was determined in two studies employing Sprague-Dawley rats, and the LD50 values were found to be >2000 mg/kg. The primary dermal irritation potential of modified gum acacia was evaluated in rabbits by the Draize method. Test results indicated that modified gum acacia was slightly irritating by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classification but not a primary irritant by Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) guidelines. The subchronic toxicity of modified gum acacia was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets containing 0%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% modified gum acacia for 13 weeks. No dose-related effects on survival, growth, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights, or pathologic lesions were observed. Results of these studies indicate that modified gum acacia does not possess mutagenic potential and that animals are not adversely affected by acute or subchronic exposure to modified gum acacia.     

WWOX基因杂合性丢失在恶性肿瘤发生中的作用

目的：探讨WWOX基因的改变对肿瘤发生的影响。方法：采用RT—PCR方法检测Hct116／4coildtype（野生型）、Hct116 p53 null（p53^-）、Hct116 Bax null（Bax^-）细胞株的WWOX基因表达。从琼脂糖凝胶中分离和提取DNA，进行DNA纯化，测序，测序结果与GeneBank上公布序列AF211943进行比较。结果：测序结果显示，第一对引物9F1与9R1，在T1497G有杂合性丢失，证实细胞株有二种类型的WWOX表达，全长的WWOX mRNA的转录，和外显子6～8丢失的WWOXmRNA的异常转录。第二对引物8F1与9R2，仅表达全长的WWOX mRNA的染色体才有PCR扩增，其产物在T1497G为G。第三对引物5F1与9R3，扩增产物为929bp和389bp。在389bp的T1497G，只有T，来自于WWOX mRNA的异常转录的染色体。结论：HCT116细胞株有二种类型的WWOX表达，全长的WWOX mRNA的转录，外显子6～8丢失的WWOX mRNA的异常转录，这二种转录来自两个不同的等位基因。     

Immunoglobulin administration to fetuses with anemia due to alloimmunization to D

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine fetal tolerance of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), given directly at the time of intravascular transfusion, and its effects on fetal hemolysis and pregnancy outcome in the setting of alloimmunization to D. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirteen consecutive D+ fetuses requiring transfusion for maternal alloimmunization received high-dose IVIG (1.0 g/kg) and red cell transfusions. Twenty-four previous, consecutive fetuses with maternal anti-D served as controls. The schedules for subsequent transfusions were the same in the two groups. RESULTS: High-dose IVIG was well tolerated by all fetuses. In the IVIG group, daily decreases in hematocrit were smaller than those in controls after the second administration of IVIG (mean hematocrit decrease, 0.72 percent/day vs. 1.45 percent/day; p = 0.007). No significant difference was found in the total number of fetal transfusions, the gestational age at delivery, the duration of neonatal intensive care, the number of neonates requiring postnatal transfusion therapy, and perinatal mortality. CONCLUSION: In this small pilot study, direct administration to fetuses of IVIG with red cell transfusions was well tolerated and appeared to have a beneficial effect on fetal hemolysis.     

Gender-specific association between iron status and the history of attempted suicide: implications for gender paradox of suicide behaviors

PURPOSE: Iron deficiency (ID) has been linked with high impulsivity, and an increased risk of ID was reported among suicide attempters. We hypothesized that poor iron status might be prevalent among suicide attempters, who have high impulsivity. METHODS: As a part of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), a set of iron indices were measured in 2598 men and 2975 women aged 17-39 years, who completed a mental disorder diagnostic interview. RESULTS: Using non-attempters as reference within each gender, we observed a gender-dependent association between poor iron status and the history of attempted suicide. For male attempters (n=74), the prevalence ratios (PR) of abnormal serum ferritin, serum iron and protoporphyrin were 18.3 (95%CI=3.3-101.7), 3.2 (1.1-9.4) and 5.4(1.8-15.6). In contrast, the PR of abnormal serum ferritin for female attempters (n=217) was 0.3 (0.1-0.6). The hematological indices did not differ significantly between attempters and non-attempters among either men or women. Compared with non-attempters, male attempters were prone to a higher odds [17.5 (4.2-72.4)] while female attempters to a lower odds [0.6 (0.3-1.1)] of ID. CONCLUSION: These data suggest new opportunities for exploring biological bases of gender paradox of suicidal behaviors and a novel way to enhance therapeutic and preventive interventions against suicide.     

高海拔地区新生儿窒息与红细胞增多症的关系及微循环观察

目的：本文主要探讨新生儿窒息与红细胞增多症的关系及微循环流态变化；方法：对于国产期有窒息史或羊水污染的患儿于入院后２４小时做血细胞分析、血气分析及耳廓微循环流态观察；结果：窒息组Ｈｂ、ＨＣＴ、ＲＢＣ三项值明显高于对照组，８５便血气分析２７例代谢性酸中毒、１０例呼吸性酸中毒、１５例混合性酸中毒、６例低氧血症、１２例Ｉ型呼衰、８例Ⅱ型呼衰。４５例耳廓生循环观察、综合判断结果：中度异常２０例，轻度异常１     

Risk factors for initial surgery in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The cumulative incidence of surgery ranges from 40%-70% at 10 years from the time of diagnosis of Crohn's disease in adults. We retrospectively determined the cumulative incidence of and risk factors for surgery (intestinal resection) in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS: Uniform data from 989 consecutive Crohn's disease patients (age 0-17 years at diagnosis), collected from 6 different pediatric centers between January 2000 and November 2003 and stored in the Pediatric IBD Consortium Registry, were analyzed. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 2.8 years (range, 1 day to 16.7 years). One hundred twenty-eight patients underwent surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of the cumulative incidence of surgery were 17% at 5 years and 28% at 10 years from the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Univariate Cox proportional hazards models showed leukocytosis (2.85 [hazard ratio]; P = .02), hypoalbuminemia (3.41; P = .05), and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) positivity (3.43; P = .05) were associated with increased risk for surgery. Multivariate Cox models showed female gender (1.49; P = .03), initial diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (3.63; P < .0001), poor growth at presentation (2.16; P = .007), and abscess (1.90; P = .009), fistula (2.30; P = .0005), or stricture (3.41; P < .0001) development were associated with increased risk for surgery. Age 3-5 years (0.26; P = .01) or 6-12 years (0.62; P = .01) at diagnosis, fever at presentation (0.50; P = .03), and treatment with infliximab (0.36; P = .0005) or 5-aminosalicylic acid (0.44; P < .0001) were associated with decreased risk for surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Risk stratification during the course of Crohn's disease in pediatric patients will help to guide therapy that may improve the natural history of disease and decrease the need for surgery.     

Immunoglobulin administration to fetuses with anemia due to alloimmunization to D

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine fetal tolerance of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), given directly at the time of intravascular transfusion, and its effects on fetal hemolysis and pregnancy outcome in the setting of alloimmunization to D.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirteen consecutive D+ fetuses requiring transfusion for maternal alloimmunization received high-dose IVIG (1.0 g/kg) and red cell transfusions. Twenty-four previous, consecutive fetuses with maternal anti-D served as controls. The schedules for subsequent transfusions were the same in the two groups.
RESULTS: High-dose IVIG was well tolerated by all fetuses. In the IVIG group, daily decreases in hematocrit were smaller than those in controls after the second administration of IVIG (mean hematocrit decrease, 0.72 percent/day vs. 1.45 percent/day; p = 0.007). No significant difference was found in the total number of fetal transfusions, the gestational age at delivery, the duration of neonatal intensive care, the number of neonates requiring postnatal transfusion therapy, and perinatal mortality.
CONCLUSION: In this small pilot study, direct administration to fetuses of IVIG with red cell transfusions was well tolerated and appeared to have a beneficial effect on fetal hemolysis.