人群中病毒性肝炎的型别研究

作者于1987年2月16日～1988年2月15日在四川五个点211 639人群中监测急性病毒性肝炎。其发病率为167.74/10万,其中甲型肝炎占24.51％;乙型肝炎占38.31％;非甲非乙型肝炎占24.51％,EB病毒和巨细胞病毒所致肝炎各占3.38％;混合感染占5.92％。病毒性肝炎中有14.93％重叠感染。发病高峰在春季。发病率,男:女=1.75:1。甲型肝炎20岁以下年龄组、乙型肝炎20～39岁年龄组的发病率明显高于其他年龄组,非甲非乙型较分散,5～19岁相对多一些,其他型别年龄组间无明显差异。355例急性病毒性肝炎患者中43.9％有接触史,36.6％有注射史。     

大鼠抗—HBs的单克隆抗独特型抗体杂交瘤细胞系的建立

用纯化的小鼠单克隆抗—HBs和纯化的大鼠多克隆抗—HBs免疫LOU/C大鼠,取免疫大鼠脾细胞与IR983F骨髓瘤细胞融合,获得两株(TD_1、TD_2)持续分泌抗—HBs的单克隆抗独特型抗体(抗—Id,Ab_2)杂交瘤细胞系。对TD_2进行了较全面的鉴定,TD_2的Ig类型为IgG,亚类为IgG_(2?),核型分析结果染色体数为65条。通过ELISA竞争抑制和中和抑制试验表明,TD_2所分泌的Ab_2既能被不同来源的抗—HBs所中和。又能被HBsAg.所竞争,且都呈现剂量依赖关系。将纯化的TD_2IgG免疫同系大鼠,诱导出了具有抗—HBs活性的抗—抗—独特型抗体(Ab_3)。上述结果证实,TD_2所分泌的单克隆抗体(McAb)是带有HBsAg表位内影像,具有HBsAg免疫源性的抗—HBs的单克隆抗—Id。     

国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎疫苗的免疫动力学研究

目的　评价国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(YDV)的免疫学效果,建立免疫动力学模型,以预测国产YDV的免疫持久性,为初次免疫后何时进行加强免疫提供参考依据。方法　采用队列研究的方法,对接种国产YDV者的乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗HBs)滴度进行了5年的追踪观察。利用曲线拟合方法建立免疫动力学模型,并对其免疫持久性进行预测。在接种疫苗后第8年,再次对研究队列进行抗 HBs滴度实际测定,以检验模型预测结果的可靠性。结果　接种YDV5年后,抗HBs阳性率由接种后第1年的10 0 %下降到73% ,抗 HBs几何平均滴度(GMT)由接种后第1年的16 0mIU/ml下降到5 3mIU/ml。到第8年时,实际测定值下降到35mIU/ml,所拟合的模型为Y =16 5 . 6 7exp(- 0 .0 19X) ,决定系数R2 为0 . 98,模型预测的结果为2 7mIU/ml,比实际值低8mIU/ml。结论　按照模型预测的结果,接种国产YDV 12年后,其抗 HBsGMT为10 74mIU/ml,仍维持在10mIU/ml的保护性水平以上。由于在第8年时,模型预测值低于实际测定值,因此国产YDV的抗HBsGMT至少可维持12年的预测结果有一定的可靠性。     

Sex differences in circadian timing systems: Implications for disease

Virtually every eukaryotic cell has an endogenous circadian clock and a biological sex. These cell-based clocks have been conceptualized as oscillators whose phase can be reset by internal signals such as hormones, and external cues such as light. The present review highlights the inter-relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as a master clock synchronizing the phase of clocks throughout the body. Gonadal steroid receptors are expressed in almost every site that receives direct SCN input. Here we review sex differences in the circadian timing system in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG), the hypothalamic–adrenal–pituitary (HPA) axis, and sleep–arousal systems. We also point to ways in which disruption of circadian rhythms within these systems differs in the sexes and is associated with dysfunction and disease. Understanding sex differentiated circadian timing systems can lead to improved treatment strategies for these conditions.     

Using positron emission tomography to study human ketone body metabolism: A review

Ketone bodies – 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate – are important fuel substrates, which can be oxidized by most tissues in the body. They are synthesized in the liver and are derived from fatty acids released from adipose tissue. Intriguingly, under conditions of stress such as fasting, arterio-venous catheterization studies have shown that the brain switches from the use of almost 100% glucose to the use of > 50–60% ketone bodies. A similar adaptive mechanism is observed in the heart, where fasting induces a shift toward ketone body uptake that provides the myocardium with an alternate fuel source and also favorably affects myocardial contractility. Within the past years there has been a renewed interest in ketone bodies and the possible beneficial effects of fasting/semi-fasting/exercising and other “ketogenic” regimens have received much attention. In this perspective, it is promising that positron emission tomography (PET) techniques with isotopically labeled ketone bodies, fatty acids and glucose offer an opportunity to study interactions between ketone body, fatty acid and glucose metabolism in tissues such as the brain and heart. PET scans are non-invasive and thus eliminates the need to place catheters in vascular territories not easily accessible. The short half-life of e.g. 11C-labeled PET tracers even allows multiple scans on the same study day and reduces the total radiation burden associated with the procedure. This short review aims to give an overview of current knowledge on ketone body metabolism obtained by PET studies and discusses the methodological challenges and perspectives involved in PET ketone body research.     

用套式聚合酶链反应检测乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后无抗体反应者血清HBVDNA

为了解乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗接种后不产生抗－ＨＢｓ的原因，作者用套式聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测了正常人群中乙肝疫苗免疫后１５例不产生抗－ＨＢｓ和２０例产生抗－ＨＢｓ者血清的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，同时用Ａｂｂｏｔｔ试剂检测血清的ＨＢｅＡｇ。结果发现，不产生抗－ＨＢｓ的１５例中有６例（４０％）第２次ＰＣＲ扩增ＨＢＶＤＮＡ为阳性，其中３例（５０％）为ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性，产生抗－ＨＢｓ者的２０例其血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＢｅＡｇ均为阴性。提示：常规方法漏检的低水平ＨＢＶ感染可能是造成乙肝疫苗免疫后不产生抗－ＨＢｓ的原因之一。     

血细胞计数影响因素分析

本文分析血细胞计数的影响因素,发现血细胞检测结果受环境温度、放置时间、采血方式等因素的影响,检验人员在采血和检测过程中应尽可能排除各种影响因素,为临床提供真实可靠的检验结果。     

山东省临朐县新生儿首针乙型肝炎疫苗接种评价

目的了解山东省临朐县乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫后,医院产房新生儿首针乙肝疫苗的接种情况。方法采取回顾性调查的方法,对5921名新生儿进行调查。结果医院产房新生儿首针乙肝疫苗的接种率、及时接种率分别为98.14%、97.10%,母亲HBsAg阳性率1.30%。结论临朐县医院产房新生儿首针乙肝疫苗的接种工作开展较好。     

成都市入托儿童乙肝病毒感染状况调查分析

目的 了解入托儿童乙肝病毒感染状况及乙肝疫苗免疫效果,为防治工作提供依据.方法 对2005～2007年共8 716名入托儿童抽取静脉血,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测乙肝两对半,调查结果用SPSS11.0进行分析.结果 儿童乙肝病毒总感染率为0.28%.乙肝病毒感染率2005年、2006年、2007年分别为0.13%、0.15%、0.46%,2007年与2005年、2006年比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2=13.8075、16.7643,均P＜0.01);男童乙肝病毒感染率为0.30%,女童为0.25%,性别间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).乙肝疫苗接种率为97.23%,全程接种率为94.62%.抗-HBs总阳性率为63.84%,2005年、2006年、2007年分别为65.48%、70.68%、57.79%,各年份间差异有统计学意义(χ2=130.9123,P＜0.01);男童抗-HBs阳性率为62.88%,女童为64.94%,性别间差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.0067,P＜0.05).乙肝两对半模式有12种,以抗-HBs阳性模式居首位.结论 入托儿童乙肝病毒感染率较低,抗-HBs阳性率较高.2007年与前两年相比,乙肝病毒感染率有所升高,抗-HBs阳性率有所下降.必须重视儿童乙肝病毒的防治工作,进一步提高儿童的乙肝疫苗接种率.