Blood biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury: State of art

BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits around the world. Up to 90% of injuries are classified as mTBI. Cranial computed tomography (CCT) is a standard diagnosis tool to identify intracranial complications in adults with mTBI. Alternatively, children can be admitted for inpatient observation with CCT scans performed only on those with clinical deterioration. The use of blood biomarkers is a supplementary tool for identifying patients at risk of intracerebral lesions who may need imaging.MethodWe realised a bibliographic state of art providing a contemporary clinical and laboratory framework for blood biomarker testing in mTBI management.ResultsThe S100B protein is the only biomarker that can be used today in the clinical routine for management of mTBI with appropriate evidence-based medicine. Due to its excellent negative predictive value, S100B protein is an alternative choice to CCT scanning for mTBI management with considered, consensual and pragmatic use. In this state of art, we propose points to help clinicians and clinical pathologists use serum S100B protein in the clinical routine. A state of art on the different biomarkers (GFAP, UCH-L1, NF [H or L], tau, H-FABP, SNTF, NSE, miRNAs, MBP) is also conducted. Some of these other biomarkers, used alone (GFAP, UCH-L1) or in combination (GFAP + H-FABP ± S100B ± IL10) can improve the specificity of S100B.ConclusionUsing a bibliographic state of art, we highlighted the added values of the blood biomarkers for the clinical management of mTBI.     

心肌梗死患者血清HMGB1和H-FABP水平动态变化的研究

目的观察心肌梗死患者血清HMGB1和H-FABP表达水平的动态变化,探讨HMGB1和H-FABP在心肌梗死发病机制中的临床意义。方法患者分两组:心肌梗死实验组和对照组,实验组和对照组分别于发病1 h、6 h、24 h和3 d取空腹静脉血,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清HMGB1和H-FABP表达水平。结果心肌梗死实验组6 h、24 h和3 d时血清HMGB1表达水平显著高于正常对照组,具有统计学差异(P<0.05);而心肌梗死实验组1 h血清HMGB1表达水平和对照组比较无变化;心肌梗死实验组中,患者在发病1 h、6 h、24 h时间段血清H-FABP表达水平持续升高,具有统计学差异(P<0.05),而患者在发病3 d时间段血清H-FABP表达水平和对照组比较无变化。结论 HMGB1作为重要的炎性因子是心肌梗死晚期炎性反应指标;而H-FABP是心肌梗死早期反应指标;二者在发病6 h、24 h两个时间段H-FABP表达升高存在正相关。     

血清H-FABP、ACTA、ADT、BNP及血管紧张素与心力衰竭的关系

目的:研究血清H-FABP、ACTA、ADT、BNP及血管紧张素与心力衰竭的关系.方法:选取于本院进行诊治的84例心力衰竭患者为观察组,并选取同时期的84名体检健康的同龄人为对照组,然后将两组的血清H-FABP、ACTA、ADT、BNP及血管紧张素水平进行比较,同时比较观察组中不同NY-HA分级心力衰竭患者的血清检测水平,并采用Logistic分析处理上述血清指标与心力衰竭的关系.结果:观察组的血清H-FABP、ACTA、ADT、BNP及血管紧张素水平均高于对照组,同时观察组中较高NYHA分级心力衰竭患者的血清检测水平高于较低NYHA分级的患者,且经Logistic分析显示上述血清指标均与心力衰竭有密切的关系,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:血清H-FABP、AC-TA、ADT、BNP及血管紧张素与心力衰竭有密切的关系,可作为心力衰竭患者诊治的重要监测指标.     

The predictive value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein is independent from symptom duration in normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism

Background

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is a useful biomarker for risk stratification of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). In patients with acute myocardial infarction, H-FABP plasma concentrations rise after 30 minutes and return to normal within 20-24 hours. We tested whether the predictive value of H-FABP is affected by the duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis in patients with PE.

Material and Methods

We prospectively studied 257 consecutive normotensive patients with confirmed symptomatic PE.

Results

Patients with acute (< 24 hours; n = 150) symptom onset presented more often with syncope (28.7% vs. 6.5%; p < 0.001) compared to patients with symptoms ≥ 24 hours (n = 107); other baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and risk factors were distributed equally. Patients with an adverse 30-day outcome (6.6%) had higher H-FABP levels (11.84 [3.57-19.62] ng/ml) compared to patients with a favorable course (3.42 [1.92-5.42] ng/ml; p < 0.001). However, the proportion of patients with H-FABP levels ≥ 6 ng/ml did not differ among patients with acute symptom onset and late presentation (p = 0.104). Only tachycardia and elevation of H-FABP were associated with an increased risk of an adverse 30-day outcome both in patients with acute symptom onset (H-FABP: OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.4-24.5; p = 0.016; tachycardia: 7.0 [1.4-36.0]; p = 0.018) and late presentation (H-FABP: 9.3 [2.0-43.2]; p = 0.004 and tachycardia: 12.3 [1.5-103.6]; p = 0.021). The prognostic value could further be improved by the use of a simple H-FABP-based clinical prediction score.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that H-FABP is a useful biomarker for risk stratification of normotensive patients with PE regardless of symptom duration prior to diagnosis.     

Interest of blood biomarkers to predict lesions in medical imaging in the context of mild traumatic brain injury

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the common causes of emergency department visits around the world. Up to 90% of injuries are classified as mTBI. Cranial computed tomography (CCT) is a standard diagnostic tool for adults with mTBI. Alternatively, children can be admitted for inpatient observation with CCT scans performed only on those with clinical deterioration. The use of blood biomarkers is a supplementary tool for identifying patients at risk of intracerebral lesions who may need imaging. This review provides a contemporary clinical and laboratory framework for blood biomarker testing in mTBI management. The S100B protein is used routinely in the management of mTBI in Europe together with clinical guidelines. Due to its excellent negative predictive value, S100B protein is an alternative choice to CCT scanning for mTBI management under considered, consensual and pragmatic use. In this review, we propose points to help clinicians and clinical pathologists use serum S100B protein in the clinical routine. A review of the literature on the different biomarkers (GFAP, UCH-L1, NF [H or L], tau, H-FABP, SNTF, NSE, miRNAs, MBP, β trace protein) is also conducted. Some of these other blood biomarkers, used alone (GFAP, UCH-L1) or in combination (GFAP + H-FABP ± S100B ± IL10) can improve the specificity of S100B.     

血浆Hcy、H-FABP、BNP对冠心病心绞痛患者并发心力衰竭的预测价值

目的研究血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)、脑利钠肽(BNP)对冠心病心绞痛患者并发心力衰竭的预测价值。方法从2016年2月至2018年2月我院接收的冠心病心绞痛并发心力衰竭患者中抽取300例,设为A组;选取同期冠心病心绞痛未并发心力衰竭患者300例,设为B组。检测和比较两组患者的血浆Hcy、HFABP、BNP水平。结果A组患者的血浆Hcy、H-FABP、BNP水平均明显高于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着NYHA心功能分级的增加,冠心病心绞痛并发心力衰竭患者血浆Hcy、H-FABP、BNP水平呈现上升趋势;不同NYHA心功能分级的冠心病心绞痛并发心力衰竭患者的血浆Hcy、H-FABP、BNP水平比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血浆Hcy、H-FABP、BNP对冠心病心绞痛患者并发心力衰竭的预测价值显著,可作为冠心病心绞痛患者并发心力衰竭诊治的重要监测指标。     

心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白在脓毒症临床预后的预测价值研究

目的 探讨心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,H-FABP)在脓毒症患者临床预后的预测价值,提高脓毒症患者救治率.方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究,纳入2014年10月至2015年10月就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院脓毒血症患者共50例,根据2012年脓毒症诊疗指南分为脓毒症组(16例)、严重脓毒症组(14例)、脓毒性休克组(20例);根据28 d后是否存活分为死亡组(22例)与存活组(28例).记录性别、年龄、族别等基本资料,入急诊6h内完善急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分,H-FABP,B型脑钠利肽(B-typenatriuretic,BNP)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzymes,CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白(troponin-T,cTn-T)等指标.统计学采用SPSS 21.0软件,计量资料t检验或秩和检验、计数资料采用x2检验,非正态分布资料采用秩合检验,对生存状况进行ROC曲线分析.结果 脓毒性休克组的H-FABP明显高于严重脓毒症组和脓毒症组(P＜0.01).脓毒性休克组28天死亡率(80％)与严重脓毒症组28 d病死率高于脓毒症组28天死亡率(12.5％)(P＜0.01).死亡组H-FABP、BNP、cTn-T、CK、CK-MB均明显高于存活组,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对H-FABP和BNP行ROC曲线结果提示H-FABP (AUC=0.748,P=0.003,95％CI:0.605 ～0.890)优于BNP (AUC =0.714,P=0.010,95％ CI:0.573 ～0.856),当H-FABP取 9.902 ng/mL,敏感度82.1％,特异度63.6％.H-FABP对28 d病死率的预测具有一定价值.结论 脓毒性休克组病死率明显高于严重脓毒血症及脓毒症组.H-FABP相比BNP、CK、CK-MB,对脓毒症患者预后具有较大的预测价值,随病情加重而增高.H-FABP可以预测28 d病死率.     

H-FABP、IMA与cTnI在早期诊断急性冠脉综合征中的价值

目的：探讨心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP）和缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）在急性冠脉综合征（ACS）早期诊断中的价值。方法：选择114例疑似急性冠脉综合征的胸痛患者,对所有患者进行H-FABP、IMA和cTnI检测,以阴阳性为判断标准,用SPSS18.0统计学软件进行卡方检验分析。结果：H-FABP、IMA和cTnI对于ACS的敏感度分别为82.61%、79.71%和72.46%,特异度分别为：95.56%,68.89%和77.78%。胸痛发作0～6h 时间段内H-FABP和IMA诊断ACS的敏感度分别为：87.80%,85.37%,均优于cTnI（P＜0.05）。结论：在ACS的早期诊断中,H-FABP、IMA检测比cTnI具有更高的敏感度和良好的特异度,更适合于ACS的早期诊断。     

H-FABP、NT-proBNP、CRP、cTnT在ACS患者预后中的评估价值

目的探讨分析H-FABP、NT-proBNP、CRP、cTnT在ACS患者预后中的评估价值。方法 96例ACS患者根据随访1年内患者是否发生不良心血管事件将所有患者分为预后不良组（35例）与对照组（61例）。于患者入院后检测H-FABP、NT-proBNP、CRP、cTnT四项指标的水平,并于出院后进行为期1年的随访,绘制受试者工作特性曲线来测定上述四项指标对ACS患者预后评估的准确性,并找出出院后发生不良心血管事件的危险因素。结果入院时预后不良组H-FABP、NT-proBNP、CRP、cTnT水平均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;H-FABP、NT-proBNP、CRP、cTnT检测对预测心血管不良事件的ROC曲线下面积与临界值分别为0.811、40.95μg/L,0.749、1342.98ng/L,0.788、9.69mg/L,0.812、0.78μg/L;COX单因素回归分析显示H-FABP、NT-proBNP、CRP及cTnT水平的升高是ACS患者发生心血管不良事件的危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论 H-FABP、NT-proBNP、CRP、cTnT对ACS患者的预后有着较高的评估价值,值得推广。     

两项指标联合检测早期急性冠状动脉综合征的应用

目的 通过对心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)两项指标的联合检测为早期急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的诊断提供可靠依据.方法 应用全自动化学发光、生化分析仪及配套试剂对40例胸痛开始在0～6 h、6～12 h、12 h 3个时间段的ACS患者血清中的H-FABP、cTnI的值进行检测.结果 cTn1在40例ACS患者发作0～6 h测得阳性率为55%,H-FABP在40例ACS患者发作0～6 h测得阳性率为85%,2项指标联合分析阳性率可达92.5%.而且在12 h内的几个时段所测得的结果灵敏度在联合检测上都相应提高了很多.结论 H-FABP与cTnI联合检测对ACS早期诊断具有高灵敏性.