痛风患者的健康素养：一项关于东北地区中青年患者的质性研究

背景　痛风是一种代谢性疾病，可以并发肾、心脑血管等多器官疾病，目前痛风发病和预后的影响因素已经得到揭示，但鲜有通过质性研究方法全面评估痛风患者的疾病认知和健康素养状态。目的　探讨东北地区中青年痛风患者的健康素养，并了解痛风患者的一般感知能力及知识需求状况，为增强我国痛风患者的健康素养水平，改善其自身管理能力、提高痛风患者的生活质量提供理论依据。方法　招募2017年3月-2018年3月于大庆油田总医院、大庆市人民医院、大庆市第五医院3家医院确诊为痛风的中青年患者，信息饱和后停止招募，共招募13例患者。采用非结构式与半结构式访谈相结合的方式对患者资料进行收集，采用Colaizzi的现象学资料分析方法进行分析。结果　对访谈资料进行分析，提炼如下主题：痛风患者的疾病感知能力〔包括对痛风的认知及知晓情况较差；严重的疼痛可影响痛风患者的生活质量；自我感知导致疾病发作或加重的原因为饮食习惯及生活方式等〕、就诊状况及行为（包括首次发病对疾病认识缺乏；就医体验不良）、痛风药物管理计划（包括药物选择依从性低、治疗方案的知晓及应对差）、痛风非药物管理计划（包括生活方式的调整、社会资源互动、疾病信息挖掘）。结论　东北地区中青年痛风患者健康素养水平较低，对疾病相关信息获取途径单一，对疾病和治疗判断片面，因此不能有效进行疾病管理，阻碍医疗决策制定。提示根据需求状况、针对具体薄弱环节提升痛风患者的健康素养、提高知识水平对改善患者健康结局很有必要。     

Epidemiology of gout and hyperuricemia in New Caledonia

ObjectivesNew Caledonia is a Pacific island of 270,000 inhabitants with mixed ethnicities, including Polynesians (10.2%), people from European ancestry (27.2%), and Melanesians (39.1%),. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the general population and the various ethnicities of New Caledonia.MethodsA 3-degree random sample of the population aged 18 to 60 years was adjusted according to the 2014 New Caledonia census. Face-to-face planned interviews and physical measurements were performed by trained nurses. All consenting participants underwent capillary measurement of creatinine; all consenting men and only women older than 40 years underwent point-of-care uricemia testing. Gout was defined by a validated algorithm. Two definitions of hyperuricemia were used: capillary level equivalent to plasma uric acid level > 360 μmol/l (6 mg/dl) and > 420 μmol/l (7 mg/dl) and/or urate-lowering drug treatment for both thresholds.ResultsWe included 1144 participants (adjusted mean age 37.7 ± 12.0 years; adjusted sex ratio 50.4% men). The adjusted prevalence of gout was 3.3% (95% confidence interval 2.2–4.9). Prevalence was 6.7% (2.5–16.8), 4.1% (1.8–8.9), and 2.6% (1.4–4.7) for Polynesians, Europeans and Melanesians, respectively, and 1.9% (0.5–6.6) for other ethnicities. Prevalence of hyperuricemia, determined in 658 participants, was 67.0% (61.9–71.6) and 37.0% (32.3–42.0) for the 360- and 420-μmol/l thresholds, respectively, and was significantly greater for Polynesians and Melanesians than Europeans for both thresholds.ConclusionsThe prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in New Caledonia was high, including in patients of European descent.     

Coexistencia de artritis séptica y microcristalina: un reto diagnóstico. A propósito de 25 casos

ObjectiveSeptic arthritis is a medical emergency and crystal-induced arthritis is a risk factor for its development. If both occur simultaneously, crystal-induced arthritis may mask the diagnosis of infection and delay antibiotic therapy.MethodRetrospective analysis of patients with coexistence of septic and crystal-induced arthritis. We included only patients with isolation of crystals in synovial fluid analysis and positive culture of synovial fluid and/or blood culture.ResultsA total of 25 patients (17 men and 8 women) with a mean age of 67 years. The most commonly affected joint was the knee. In synovial fluid cytological studies, the most frequently identified crystals were monosodium urate. Risk factors included diabetes and chronic renal failure. The most frequently isolated germs were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (48%), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (12%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (12%). In all, 36% of subjects required surgical drainage (excluding those caused by M. tuberculosis). Clinical outcome was favorable in 56%, although intercurrent complications were usual (40%). Mortality was 8%.ConclusionsCoexistence of septic and crystal-induced arthritis represents a diagnostic challenge and requires a high index of suspicion. Gout was the most prevalent crystal-induced arthritis. S. aureus was the most commonly causative pathogen, with a high rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection. If treated early, the outcome is usually favorable, making synovial fluid microbiological study imperative.     

肾移植术后发生高尿酸血症的机制

目的：探讨肾移植术后发生高尿酸血症的机制及防治策略。方法：分析480例肾移植术后患者的临床资料。结果：肾移植术后移植肾功能正常而血尿酸增高者43例(9％)，其中痛风7例，移植肾肾盂或输尿管结石3例。随访1～5年，1例痛风患者血尿酸及症状控制不理想，余血尿酸均控制在正常水平，未见并发症的发生。结论：高尿酸血症是肾移植术后较常见的问题，发生原因较多，但主要与环孢素A的作用有关；长期降尿酸及碱化尿液治疗安全、有效。     

竹黄通痹胶囊治疗痛风43例

目的：为寻求一种对治疗痛风病更为有效而且服用方便的方药。方法：门诊收治的43例患,根据临床表现,化验室检查和X线摄片而确诊。每日口服“竹黄通痹胶囊”连续服用3个月。结果：43例患临床痊愈30例,有效11例,无效2例,总有效率为95．4％。结论：竹黄通痹胶囊具有清热利湿,活血通络,消肿止痛等作用,且无不良反应。     

复方白虎加桂枝汤防治大鼠痛风模型的实验观察

目的 探讨中药对大鼠痛风模型的防治作用。方法 用尿酸盐注入大鼠后肢的内踝关节，制备大鼠痛风模型．观察中药对大鼠痛风模型内踝关节炎症的防治作用。结果 中药组体征好转，关节及其周围组织的K^＋浓度降低，病理显示关节炎症得到明显改善。结论中药对大鼠痛风模型具有较好的防治作用。     

萘普生治疗活动性肺结核低热及并发症的临床研究

目的探讨萘普生对活动性肺结核患者发热及并发症的疗效评价。方法采用双盲随机方法选出80例符合活动性肺结核标准的病例分治疗组与对照组,分别用萘普生为治疗组药物、VitB1为对照组药物给予治疗,疗程为30日。每日测试体温,密切观察服用抗结核药物(PZA)后出现的并发症进行治疗前后比较。结果服用萘普生组30日内为100%,而对照组30日内为87.5%,两组对比有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);痛风症状的出现情况,治疗组为零。对照组出现4例为10%两组对比P<0.05,有显著性差异。结论萘普生作为一种活动性肺结核发热及服用PZA药物引起的痛风症状有明显的治疗、预防作用。在活动性肺结核患有发热症状及应用抗结核药PZA出现的痛风之并发症时,应用萘普生对症治疗是安全有效的方法之一。     

苓丹痛风康胶囊抗痛风作用的实验研究

目的:通过对苓丹痛风康胶囊抗痛风作用的研究,探讨该药的药效及作用机制,为临床应用提供依据。方法:口服给药,运用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法观察其抗炎作用;运用醋酸扭体法观察其镇痛作用;运用酵母膏致小鼠高尿酸血症法观察其对尿酸、黄嘌呤氧化酶、尿素氮的影响;结果:苓丹痛风康胶囊有明显的抗炎、镇痛、降低高尿酸血症小鼠血尿酸的作用,并能抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、降低血尿素氮。结论:苓丹痛风康胶囊具有抗痛风性关节炎的作用。     

双能量CT半定量评分系统在尿酸盐结晶评估中的应用价值

目的 探讨双能量CT（DECT）半定量评分系统在痛风患者尿酸盐结晶评估中的可行性及应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年8月至2017年8月江苏大学附属澳洋医院39例痛风患者的足部DECT扫描结果,并对其尿酸盐结晶进行半定量评分。应用DECT定量软件测量尿酸盐结晶体积;采用组内相关系数（ICC）评估半定量评分重复性;使用Spearman相关性分析半定量评分与尿酸盐体积的相关性;同时比较半定量评分方法与定量软件测量尿酸盐体积方法所用时间。结果 39例患者共完成了73只足部扫描,其中69只足部检测到尿酸盐结晶。DECT尿酸盐结晶评分在肌腱中最高,其次为第一跖趾关节、踝/中足关节,脚趾的其他关节评分最低。2名影像医师对尿酸盐结晶的半定量分析结果一致性高,ICC为0.944。69只足部的尿酸盐结晶体积平均值为（2.69±8.84）cm³。DECT尿酸盐评分与其体积密切相关（r=0.479,P<0.001）。两名评分者使用DECT评分系统分析尿酸盐结晶所需时间分别为（68.18±15.16）秒、（74.67±16.15）秒,定量软件分析所需时间为（166.10±13.23）秒,三者之间差异有统计学意义（F=527.029,P<0.001）。结论 DECT尿酸盐结晶半定量评分系统是可行的,相比定量分析软件更省时、方便,值得推广应用。     

杨振国教授术柏痛风汤治疗痛风52例

[目的]观察杨振国术柏痛风汤治疗痛风疗效。[方法]将52例痛风使用术柏痛风汤,1剂/d,早晚各1次,水煎服。15d为1疗程。治疗3个疗程进行疗效判定。[结果]临床治愈32例,显效11例,有效5例,无效4例,总有效率为92.31%。[结论]术柏痛风汤治疗痛风疗效满意,值得推广。