水杨酸钠中耳灌注对庆大霉素耳毒性的防护作用

目的 观察水杨酸钠经中耳局部灌注给药对庆大霉素耳毒性的防护作用。方法 24只健康杂色豚鼠均接受圆窗置管术，然后随机分成3组：Ⅰ组为生理盐水对照组；Ⅱ组为庆大霉素组，腹腔注射庆大霉素，经听泡灌注生理盐水；Ⅲ组为庆大霉素加水杨酸钠组，腹腔注射庆大霉素，经听泡灌注水杨酸钠。观察各组给药前后听性脑干反应阈的变化和给药后4周毛细胞损失情况。结果 听泡置管术后ABR反应阈无明显改变；给药后2周和4周，庆大霉素组ABR反应阈较庆大霉素加水杨酸组显著增高（P〈0．01），对照组ABR反应阈无显著变化。耳蜗铺片、毛细胞计数显示庆大霉素组外毛细胞严重缺失，以底回最明显，庆大霉素加水杨酸钠组外毛细胞损失较庆大霉素组轻（P〈0．05）。对照组无明显外毛细胞缺失。结论 水杨酸钠经中耳局部给药途径可减轻庆大霉素所致听功能损害和毛细胞缺失，可在一定程度上有效预防庆大霉素的耳毒性。     

Population kinetics of gentamicin in neonates

A population kinetic analysis was carried out on sparse plasma gentamicin (GE) concentration data from 469 neonates obtained as part of a routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) programme in the hospital neonatology unit.The best predictors of the kinetic parameters of the monoexponential model, volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (CL), were the weight (WT) and gestational age (GA). Vd of the neonates was only related to WT, whereas the half-life was only related to the GA.     

降低ePTFE隆鼻术后感染发生率的临床研究

目的:寻找一种降低膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)隆鼻术后感染发生率的方法。方法:尝试将雕刻成形的ePTFE假体放入含有庆大霉素溶液的注射器内,负压抽吸使庆大霉素溶液进入材料的孔隙,然后将假体置入。结果:比较处理组与未处理组感染发生的情况,庆大霉素处理组的感染率明显低于未处理组,有显著性差异。结论:该方法是一种减少ePTFE隆鼻术后感染发生率的简便易行方法。     

木樨草素拮抗庆大霉素耳毒性实验观察

目的:初步了解木樨草素对庆大霉素耳毒性的影响。方法:设庆大霉素组与庆大霉素加不同剂量木樨草素(10mg、20 mg)两组,并进行组间比较,观察听性脑干反应(ABR)阈值、眼震电图(ENG)的频率,了解其听功能及前庭功能的变化。结合耳蜗基底膜铺片琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)染色方法观察耳蜗形态学变化。结果:听功能检查结果显示,庆大霉素加不同剂量木樨草素组的ABR阈值明显低于庆大霉素组,经统计学处理,差异有显著性。形态学检查结果与听功能检查结果一致。前庭功能检查结果亦发现木樨草素对庆大霉素引起的前庭功能变化有拮抗作用。结论:本实验发现木樨草素对庆大霉素引起的耳蜗和前庭损伤有拮抗作用。     

硫酸庆大霉素注射液的快速比色分析

本文应用二价铜离子与硫酸庆大霉素在碱性介质中形成有色复合物的原理[1],采用比色法在560nm波长处直接测定硫酸庆大霉素的含量。该法平均回收率为100.2±0.47%。CV=0.47%,测定结果满意。     

Inhibition of the slow inward current and the time-dependent outward current of mammalian ventricular muscle by gentamicin

The aminoglycoside antibiotic, gentamicin (GM), depressed the plateau phase and shortened the duration of the action potential in guinea pig papillary muscle. Its effect on the membrane currents was studied by a single sucrose gap voltage clamp method. The slow inward current (i_s) was remarkably diminished by GM with little change in its time course, in the voltage-dependency of the steady-state inactivation and activation or in its reversal potential. The maximal amplitude of i_s, obtained by subtracting the Co²⁺-resistant current, was reduced to 57% by 0.1 mmol/l GM and almost reduced to zero by 1 mmol/l GM. The efficacy of GM in inhibiting i_s was reduced by increasing the external Ca²⁺ concentration from 1.8 to 5.4 or 10.8 mmol/l, but not by the application of adrenaline. The time-dependent outward current (i_K) was also decreased by GM but only at higher concentrations. It is proposed that the depressant action of GM on i_s was due to a blockade of slow channels, whereby GM may have dislocated Ca from the binding sites at slow channels on the external surface of the membrane.     

庆大霉素前庭损害报警耳聋的实验研究

目的观察庆大霉素对前庭及耳蜗的损害。方法对肌肉注射庆大霉素（250mg·kg－1／d）连续3天和7天的两组豚鼠进行前庭和耳蜗功能与形态的观察。结果发现用药3天仅影响前庭,而用药7天则前庭和耳蜗均受损害,提示庆大霉素早期损害前庭的特点可以报警耳蜗的损害。结论因此,在应用庆大霉素过程中,发现前庭功能改变时,如能及时停药,可以避免耳聋的发生。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对庆大霉素肾毒性治疗作用的 …

目的：初步观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）对庆大霉素（Ｇｅｎｔａｍｉｃｉｎ,ＧＭ）肾毒性的治疗作用。方法：雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠３２只,随机分为对照组、实验组（ＧＭ）中的ＧＭ１组、ＧＭ２组、ＧＭ３组各８只。ＧＭ组按１６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｄ＾－１肌注ＧＭ８ｄ,对照组注身等量生理盐水。于实验第９天宰杀对照组和ＧＭ１组的各８只动物,分别取血做血清尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）和血清肌酐（Ｓｃｒ）检查,以取肾皮质做光镜     

微渗透压泵耳蜗灌注bFGF对庆大霉素所致豚鼠耳毒的拮抗作用

目的：应用微渗透压泵将碱性成纤维细胞因子(bFGF)导入耳蜗，观察其对庆大霉素所致活体耳蜗毒性的拮抗作用。方法：豚鼠皮下注射庆大霉素造成耳毒性聋的模型。实验将bFGF以微渗透压泵导入实验组右耳蜗，对照组右耳以微渗透压泵导入等量PBS。用扫描电镜观察两组动物右耳毛细胞的损伤，同时比较其用药前后ABR听阈的改变。结果：对照组右耳的损伤明显重于实验组。结论：采用微渗透压泵耳蜗灌注bFGF对庆大霉素所致豚鼠的耳蜗损伤有拮抗作用。