D-二聚体检测在10种疾病中的意义

D-二聚体（D-Di）是交联纤维蛋白（Fib）的特异降解产物，它的生成和增高反映了凝血和纤溶系统的激活，近10多年来被广泛用于静脉血栓（VTE）形成、下肢静脉血栓（DVT）、肺栓塞（PE）的排除诊断。最近D-Di的检测已深入到弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）、心血管疾病、激素替代治疗和抗凝治疗中。我们选择10种常见病检测D-Di，对其结果进行分析，探讨其临床意义。     

大鼠创伤性深静脉血栓形成中纤溶、凝血相关基因表达分析

在急性、亚急性创伤性深静脉血栓形成大鼠模型中,动态检测并比较分析血管内皮纤溶、凝血相关基因的表达变化和差异,探讨其在创伤性深静脉血栓形成中的作用和意义。分别取150只SD大鼠建立急性、亚急性血栓形成模型。急性血栓模型组采用直接钳夹股静脉 双后肢石膏固定、亚急性组采用定量击打双侧大腿 双后肢石膏固定的方式造模。根据深静脉血栓形成过程中不同的生物学状态,将实验动物分为正常对照、创伤即刻、血栓形成初始期、血栓形成高峰期、血栓消退、血栓不消退和血栓不形成7组。采用Genechip Rat Genome4302.0芯片,测定股静脉RNA表达情况,运用基因芯片数据分析方法(倍数变化分析)筛选出差异性表达基因。重点分析血管内皮纤溶、凝血相关基因在两种模型中的变化和差异。结果显示:内皮细胞抗凝和纤溶功能相关基因如ThbdN、os及Plat等基因的表达变化与创伤性深静脉血栓形成关系密切。内皮细胞抗凝和纤溶功能的减弱是创伤性深静脉血栓形成的重要因素之一。这一机制在血管直接受损的急性血栓模型中更显著。     

Production and activity of matrix metalloproteinases during liver fibrosis progression of chronic hepatitis C patients

BACKGROUNDMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in the degradation of extracellular matrix compounds, maintaining the homeostasis between fibrogenesis and fibrolytic processes in the liver. However, there are few studies on the regulation of liver MMPs in fibrosis progression in humans. AIMTo assess the production activity and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C (CHC).METHODSA prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted. CHC patients were categorized in fibrosis grades through FibroTest^®and/or FibroScan^®. Serum MMP-2, -7, and -9 were determined by western blot and multiplex suspension array assays. Differences were validated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Spearman correlation coefficient and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. Collagenolytic and gelatinase activity was determined through the Azocoll substrate and zymogram test, whereas tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 production was determined by dot blot assays.RESULTSSerum concentrations of the MMPs evaluated were higher in CHC patients than in healthy subjects. MMP-7 distinguished early and advanced stages, with a correlation of 0.32 (P < 0.001), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic displayed moderate sensitivity and specificity for MMP-7 in F4 (area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.705; 95% confidence interval: 0.605-0.805; P < 0.001). Collagenolytic activity was detected at F0 and F1, whereas gelatinase activity was not detected at any fibrosis stage. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 determination showed upregulation in F0 and F1 but downregulation in F2 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONHigh concentrations of inactive MMPs were present in the serum of CHC patients, reflecting the impossibility to restrain liver fibrosis progression. MMPs could be good diagnostic candidates and therapeutic targets for improving novel strategies to reverse liver fibrosis in CHC.     

超声消融血栓的体外实验研究

为了建立超声波体外消融血栓的方法、探索超声能量与消融时间的关系以及明确纤溶在超声消融中的作用。我们对４５块人体全血细胞血栓和１６块人体纤维蛋白血栓进行超声消融研究。结果显示，超声能量与消融时间成反比。镜下发现消融后９０％的血栓碎片直径小于红细胞。超声消融组和对照组的ＦＤＰ含量差异无显著性，说明超声消融与纤溶无关。     

脑血栓患者纤溶活性的动态观察

目的　测定脑血栓患者治疗前后纤溶活性的变化 ,探讨其发病机制及诊治方案。　方法　分别采用发色底物法定量检测纤溶酶原 (PLG)、组织纤溶酶原激活物 (t-PA)以及纤溶酶原激活抑制物 (PAI)的活性 ,并用双抗体夹心法测定D -二聚体 (D -D)。　结果　脑血栓患者治疗前t -PA活性较低 ,PLG、PAI活性较高 ,D -D含量增多 ,与正常对照组比较 ,均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。治疗后 ,患者t-PA活性增强 ,PLG、PAI活性减弱 ,与治疗前比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。D -D水平与治疗前比较差异无显著性 ,但有升高趋势。　结论　脑血栓患者病程中纤溶系统存在着动态变化 ,测定其纤溶活性的变化 ,将有助于诊治。     

儿童紫癜性肾炎患者肾内凝血与纤溶的研究

目的观察儿童紫癜性肾炎患者肾内凝血与纤溶活性,并探讨其临床意义.方法60例儿童紫癜性肾炎患者,根据尿常规、尿蛋白定量,血清总蛋白、清蛋白、肌酐（Cr）、尿素氮（BUN）分为3型：肾小球肾炎型、肾病综合征型、急进性肾炎型.分别检测各患者尿中纤维蛋白肽A（FPA）与D二聚体（D-D）含量,并与40例儿童过敏性紫癜无肾炎者进行对比.结果3种类型肾炎患者FPA与D-D均明显高于对照组,急进性肾炎型尤为显著（P＜0.01）.结论儿童紫癜性肾炎患者肾内存在凝血与纤溶活化,表明有纤维蛋白的沉积,并加重肾炎病情的发展.应采用抗栓治疗.     

急性脑血管病患者血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平的临床意义研究

目的 探讨急性脑血管病患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物（tissue-type plasminogen activator,t-PA）及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1）抗原含量的变化规律。方法 运用酶联免疫吸附法（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）法测定2007年10月至2008年9月78例急性脑出血、脑梗死和短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）患者血浆t-PA及PAI-1抗原含量水平,并与同期22例健康对照组进行比较。结果 与对照组比较,脑出血组血浆t-PA水平明显升高、PAI-1水平降低（P均<0.001）;脑梗死组血浆t-PA及PAI-1水平均较对照组明显升高（P均<0.001）;TIA组血浆t-PA水平低于对照组（P=0.006）,PAI-1水平升高（P<0.001）。结论 急性脑血管病患者存在纤溶活性的异常。